ANNALS F OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Annals of the Missouri Botanical *♦ * Garden r ^ n Volufee XI 1924 With Eleven Plates and Thirty-four Figures X957806 Published quarterly at 8 West King Street, Lancaster, Pa,, by the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Entered as second-class matter at the Post-Offlce at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, under the act of March 3, 1879. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden A Quarterly Journal containing Scientific Contributions from the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Graduate Labora- tory of the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington Uni- versity in affiliation with the Missouri Botanical Garden- Editorial Committee George T- Moore* :: . >"/:,,; : : <^ ? lienfftfciSi M. Duggar *.. * • -« *♦* * * ;;i ^ -■ InformaXii ormaXion " ** The Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden appears four times ing the calendar year: February, April, September, and November. numbers constitute a volume. Subscription Price .... $3.00 per volume Single Nmnbers JI.OO each The following agent is authorized to accept foreign subscriptions Wheldon & Wesley, 2, 3 and 4 Arthur St., New Oxford St., London, W. C. 2, England. Four STAFF OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Director, GEORGE T. MOORE. Benjamin M. Duggar, Physiologist, in charge of Graduate Laboratory. Hermann von Schrenk, Pathologist. Jesse M. Grebnman, Curator of the Herbarium. Edward A. Burt, Mycologist and Librarian, Edgar Anderson, Geneticist. Elva Pumphrey Miller, Research Assistant. Katherine H, Leigh, Secretary to the Director Nell C. Horner, Editor of Publications. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN President, EDWARDS WHITAKER Vice-Presidentf DAVID S. H. SMITH. Samuel C. Davis. Edward C, Eliot. George C. Hitchcock Thomas S. Maffitt. Edward Mallinckrodt Leonard Matthews. Philip C. Scanlan. John F. Shepley. EX'OFFJCIO MEMBERS: Herbert S. Hadlet, Chancellor of Washington Uni- versity. Frederick F, Johnson, Bishop oi the Diocese of Missouri. Victor J. Miller, Mayor of the City of St. Louis. George T. Moore, President of The Academy of Science of St. Louis. John C. Tobin, Prefiident of the Board of Educa- tion of St. Louis. Charles A. Roe, Secretary. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE The Thelephoraceae of North America. XIII. .E. A. Burt 1- 36 Some Wood-Destroying Fungi of Java E. A. Burt 37- 42 Studies in the Physiology of the Fungi. XVII. The Growth of Certain Wood- Destroying Fungi in Relation to the H-Ion Concentration of the Media F. S. Wolpert 43- 97 A Monograph of the Genus Mimulus . . Adele L. Grant 99-388 Leucogaster and Leucophlebs in North America S. M. Zeller and C. W. Dodge 389^10 Variation and Correlation in the In- florescence of Manfreda virginica. J. Arthur Harris 411-459 General Index to Volume XI 461-465 3^, •^' / Aimals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden i94<$ Vol. 11 FEBRUARY, 1924 No. 1 THE THELEPHORAGEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII Cladoderms, Hypolyssus, Cymatella, Skepperia, Cytidia, SoLENiA, Matruchotia, Microstroma, Protocoro- NOSPORA, AND ASTEROSTROMA EDWAKD ANGUS BURT Mycologist and Librarian to ike Missouri Botanical Garden Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington University CLADODERRIS Cladoderris Persoon in Gaudichaud, Voy. Urania Bet. 176. pi. IJ.4. 1826; Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot. 1 : 152. 1842; L6veill^, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 213. 1844; Fries, Fungi Natal. 20, in K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1848; Sacc. Syll.' Fung. 6: 547. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1 :1**) : 126. 1898; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Syn. Cladoderris 2. 1913. — Cymaioderma Jimghuhn, Fl. Grypt. Javae. 1838. Translation of description of the new genera and species by Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 16: 320. 1841, Cymatoderma being designated as a synonym of Cladoderris. — Actinostroma Klotzsch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.- Carol. 19 : 236. 1843. — Beccariella Cesati, Atti Accad. Sci. NapoU 8'; 9. 1879. Fructification coriaceous, pileate, stipitate or sessile ; hymenium inferior, with radiating or branched folds, ribs, or veins, verrucose also in some species; basidia simple; spores white, even. The type species is Cladoderris dendritica. Issued July 25, 1924. Ahw. Mo. Bot. Gabd.. Vol. 11, 1924 CI/ 2 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 The species of Cladoderris have the same internal structure as those of Stereurriy and the genus is distinguished from the latter merely by the conspicuously ribbed configuration of the hymenial surface. The genus is tropical in its geographical distribution, although one species has been described from England and another from Florida; the fructifications grow on rotten wood. The earlier gatherings, consisting of only one or two fructifications at a time taken by explorers, sometimes had the stem central in r the specimens saved, at other times lateral, and at others, sessile. Each such gathering was made the basis for a new species and the species were arranged in the genus in central-stemmed, lateral- stemmed, or sessile sections. Field observations and more ample collections by mycologists have reduced many such species to synonyms and show that the above sections are of little value; for in Cladoderris, as in the other Thelephoraceae growing on logs, the inclination of the substratum at the point of attachment and the position of the substratum as to whether over or under ■m the fructification are important in determining the habit and form of the fructification, as already pointed out for Stereum and Hymenochaete (Mo. Bot, Gard. Ann. 5: 302. 1918). Key to the Species Hymenium not at all or but slightly verrucose 1. C. dendrUica Hymenium abundantly verrucose 2. C.floridana 1. Cladoderris dendritica Persoon in Gaudichaud, Voy. Urania Bot. 176. pi. l,f. 4. 1826 (under Cladoderris of Thelephora); L6veill6, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 213. 1844; Fries, Fimgi Natal. 22, in K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1848; Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 549. 1888; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Syn. Cladoderris 3. text f. 620-523. 1913. Plate 1, fig Actinostroma crassum Klotzsch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. -Carol. 1 9 : 237 . 1 843 .—Cladoderris crassa (Klotzsch) Fries , Fungi Natal . 22, in K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1848; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 549. 1888.— -C. Candolkana L^veille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 153. 1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 549. 1888; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Syn. Cladoderris 10. 1913. 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 3 Pileus coriaceous, u^ually flabelliform, diying pinkish buff, sometimes stained with adhering algae, stipitate or sessile, the upper surface spongy by the heavy coat of tomentum, the margin entire or nearly so; hymenium glabrous, marked with m radiating, narrow, branched ribs, usually free from or with few warts; pileus in structure consisting of an intermediate layer, up to 150 {A thick, composed of densely longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae about 3 [x, in diameter, of a very much bfoader layer forming the tomentum of the upper surface of the pileus, and of a hymenial layer containing numerous, flexuous, fusoid gloeocystidia up to 60 X 8-12 \i; basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata; Spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X 3 tx ; no cystidia found ; stem spongy- tomentose but often absent. Pileus about 2-8 cm. in diameter. 4 On rotten wood. Mexico, West Indies, South America, Philip- pine Islands, Australia, and the East Indies. The usual species. Cladoderris infundibuliformis of the Philippines and the East Indies differs from C. dendritica in having the upper side much less tomentose, hazel or kaiser-brown in color, radially ridged and with the ridges radially squamulose, and the hymenium containing some incrusted cystidia. Specimens examined: Mexico: Orizaba, W, A. & E. L. Murnll, 776 (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb., 775, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54611). Cuba: C. Wright, 279 (in Curtis Herb.); Alto Cedro, EarU & Murrill, 443, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S, Earle, 1217, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1139 (m N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Fecha, Habana, Cooke ,/.>^. 1899; Sacc. Syll.Fung. 16: 50. 1902. Plate 1; fig. 5. Craterellus pulverulentus Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 520. 1888. Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb. Fructification pallid ferruginous; pileus orbicular, pulverulent, the margin inflexed; stem thickened towards the base, black; hymenium sparingly venose, colored like the pileus. . Pileus 2 mm. broad; stem 23^ mm. long. On bark of sticks. Cuba and Porto Rico. May and July. A collection "of a dozen or so fructifications from Porto Rico by Professor Stevens, taken in connection with specimens of the type collection in Curtis Herb., shows that while the original description of C pulverulenta by Berkeley & Curtis, literally translated above, is correct as far as it goes it does not give details enough for critical comparison with C. minima. The specimens of C. pulverulenta are plano-convex rather than campanulate as stated by Patouillard, and the margin only slightly inflexed, entire but slightly notched behind near point of attachment of the stem which is sometimes nearly central but usually distinctly eccentric. The spores are hyaline, even, 3}/2 X 2 ji, in the type, 3-6 X 2-2^ \L in more copious occurrence in the Porto Rican gathering, and the hyphae slightly colored, 3-4 ^ in diameter. The dry specimens in Curtis Herbarium now have the upper surface of the pileus Natal brown of Ridgway and the hymenium and the stem bone-brown. Specimens examined: Cuba: C. Wright, 564, type (in Curtis Herb.). Porto Ribo: Monte AleguUo, F. L. Stevens, 1358 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb,, 55402, and Stevens Herb.). 3. C. marasmioides (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 15: 194. pi. 9, f. 6. 1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 50. 1902. Craterellus marasmioides Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 520. 1888. Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb, probably. tVoL. 11 8 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Pileus eccentric, rugose, glabrous, rufous, the margin inflexed; stem springing from creeping rhizomorphs, thickened below, black ; hymenial folds thick, venose ; basidia simple ; spores hyaline, even, globose, 4 (jl in diameter — only one found and this not attached to a basidium ; no cystidia. Pileus 13^-2 nmi. in diameter; stem 1-3 mm. long, about 140 11, in diameter. On dead ferns. Cuba. The fructifications are solitary or in small clusters of up to 5, branching from a common point on the bark and bone-brown throughout ; stem central or eccentric in attachment to the pileus. The note on the label as to substratum is * *on stumps.' * Specimens examined: Cuba: C. Wright, 32 , type (in Curtis Herb.). SEUEPPERIA Skepperia Berkeley, Linn. Soc. Bot. Trans. 22: 130. pi. 25, /. A. 1857; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 603. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat- Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 127. text/, 70, A-D. 1898. Stem short, lateral, abruptly passing over and confluent for some distance with the upper side of the pileus; pileus clavate, convolute on each side so as to form a longitudinal groove, fibrous within. ■ b Skepperia convoluta is the type species. Skepperia is a genus of tropical fungi of which three species have been described; two of these occur in South America and one in the West Indies. 1. Skepperia spathularia (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 15: 194. pi 9, f. $. 1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 189. 1902. Plate 1, fig. 3. CrcUerellus spathularius Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 603. 1888. Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb, probably. Fructifications minute, stipitate, everywhere pinkish buff in dried condition; pileus oblique, spathulate; stem springing from an orbicular base, becoming glabrous; pileus in structure 40-^0 v- thick, composed of a layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORA.CEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 9 and the hymenial layer; hymenium inferior, nearly even; no cystidia; basidia simple; spores hyaline, even, 5-7^ X 3-4 pi. Dried fructifications about 23^ mm. long; pileus 1-1 ^ mm. long, 1 mm. broad; stem 1 mm. long, 120 ijl in diameter. On dead wood in Cuba and on Nostoc coating rocks in Trinidad. Specimens examined: Cuba: C. Wright, S, type (in Curtis Herb.). Trinidad: Maravel Beach, near Port of Spam, R. Thaxter (in Farlow Herb.). CYTIDIA Cytidia Quelet, Fl. Myc. Fr.— . 1888; Patouillard, Essai Tax. . . . ; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 222. 1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 697. 1922 —Lomatia Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 403. 1889. — Auriculariopsis R. Maire, Rech. Cyt. Tax. 102. 1902, and Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 18: Suppl. 102. 1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21: 423. 1912. Fructifications coriaceous-gelatinous, cup-shaped, sessile, scat- tered or crowded, often confluent; hymenium even at first, becoming more or less wrinkled or veined; basidia simple; spores white. Cytidia is a genus whose few species have usually been included in Cortidum but differ from this genus in being resupinate by the middle only, with margins free as in some species of Stereum. The configuration of the hymenial surface is decidedly meruhoid in our single indigenous species. Key TO THE Species White or nearly so, pubescent or tomentose 1. C. flocadenta "White villose; hymenium blood-red f . C. salicina Deep oK ve-bufiF to drab ; hymenium becoming coarsely merulioid . . .5. C. tremeUoaa 1. Cytidia flocculenta (Fr.) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 758. 1907; Wiesner Festschr. Wien 61. 1908; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 222. 1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 697. 1922. Plate 1, fig. 7. Thehphora flocculenta Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 184. 1828. Cortidum flocculentum Fries, Epicr. 559. 1838; Hym. Eur. 647. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 605. 1SS8 .—Cyphella ampla L4veiU6, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 9: 126. 1848; Fries, Hym. Eur. 662. [Vol. 11 10 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 667. 1888; Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung, i: 113. /. 254. 1884. — Auriculariopsis ampla (L^v.) R. Maire, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 18: SuppL 102. pi 3 J. 22. 1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21: 423. 1912. — Stereum puhescens Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 7:178.pL5./. 50. 1920. Fructifications membranaceous, cup-shaped, sessile, white- tomentose, the margin entire, free all around; hymenium veined, fawn-color or bright brown; spores white, even, 6-10 X 3-4 ja. Fructificajtions 3-10 mm. in diameter, reflexed 1-3 mm. On Salix. Montana and Wyoming. April and May. Rare. In Europe, this fungus is more frequent on Populus. I de- scribed the Montana gathering as Stereum puhescens with some misgivings. A more recent collection from Wyoming has finally enabled me to refer this species to Cytidia flocculenta, a reference which I have confirmed by specimens kindly communicated to me by Bourdot. Since C, flocculenta occurs in the United States on Salix, gatherings in the past may have been referred to the common Cytidia {Corticium) salicina, from which it differs in smaller, more heavily tomentose pilei and much shorter 1 - spores. Specimens examined: France : AlHer, H. Bourdot, 4726, and two unnumbered specimens ; Aveyron, A. Galzin, 13021, conam. by H. Bourdot, 22632. Montana: Sheridan, Mrs. L. A. Fitch, in Ellis Collection, 7014, type of Stereum puhescens (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56784). Wyoming: Boulder, F. S. Wolpert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 9742 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56222). 2. C. salicina (Fries) Burt, n. comb. Thelephora salicina Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 442. 1821. — Corticium salicinum Fries, Epicr. 558. 1838; Hym. Eur. 647. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 605. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 118. pi. 6,f. 1. 1890. — Lomatia salicina (Fr.) Karsten, Finska Vet.- Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 404. 1889; Icones Hym. Fenniae, 6. /. 10. 1885. — ^An Cytidia rutilans (Pers.) Quelet in Rea, Brit. Basid. 698. 1922? Plate 1, fig. 8. Type : authentic specimen from Fries in Kew Herb . 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAB OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 11 Fructifications coriaceous, soft, drying hom-like, rigid, pezizoid when young, becoming expanded, more or less confluent, afiixed by the center, the margin free all aroxmd and upturned, minutely white-villose ; hymenium blood-red, even at first, drying somewhat wrinkled; in structure 400-800 iJi thick, composed of parallel, longitudinally arranged and ascending hyphae with narrow lumen and walls gelatinously modified; basidia simple, with 2 or 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, curved, 12-15 X 33^-5 11 in American specimens, 16-18 X 6-8 jx in European specimens as recorded by Karsten also. Fructifications 1-2 mm. in diameter at first, at length up to 6-12 mm. long by confluence. On dead limbs of Salix. Northern Europe and Canada and northern United States. May to December. Common. Rea gives Cortidum salicinum as a synonym of Cytidia rutilans (Pers.) Quel., with spores globose, 8 {x in diameter. I do not find a species rutilans in the index of Persoon's 'Synopsis Fungo- rum' for any thelephoraceous genus and have not access to Quelet's 'Fl. Myc. France. ' The globose spores point to a differ- ent species from Cortidum salicinum Fries, with an authentic specimen of which, in Kew Herbarium, I compared one of my gatherings. The description of Thelephora cruenta Persoon, Syn. Fung., is too vague to take priority for the specific name over salicinum of Fries. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4218; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 609; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1212; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 54; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 114. Sweden: E. Fries (in Kew Herb.). Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 114. Austria: Gastein Sahsb., Niessl (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 43459); Innsbruck, V. Litsckauer. Canada: J. Macoun. Ontario: Byron, J. Dearness, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4218; Ottawa, J. M. Macoun, 15, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb. (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56082) ; Toronto, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 315 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 44882). (Vol. H 12 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Maine: Cumberland,/. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker ; Piscata- quis County, W. A. Murrill, 2089 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61421). New Hampshire: Shelburne, W. G. Farhw (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4777, 4836). Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burl, three collections and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col, 1212; Shelburne, C. G. PnngU, lOU (m N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55908). Massachusetts: Cambridge, W. G. Farlow (m Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4386). Connecticut: Litchfield, Miss F. S, White (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61360). New York: Albany, C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 609, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59692); Alcove, C. L. Shear, in Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 54; East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, L, B. Walker, 3 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6693); Middle Grove, E, A. Burt; Van Etten, W. C. Barbour, 1299 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61666). Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herhst, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 0053. Michigan: Ann Arbor, E. B. Mains, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 888 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58173) ; East Lansing, G, H, Hicks (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4850) ; Marquette County, W, Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 60659). Wisconsin: Palmyra, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb., 58. Colorado: Placer, C. L. Shear, 1022; Canyon City, T, S. Brande- gee (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61427). Manitoba: Shoal Lake, /. L. Couriers, comm. by G. R. Bisby (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58973). Idaho : Priest River, /. R. Weir, 95, 357 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9534 and 17037 respectively). Washington: Falcon Valley, W, N. Suksdorf, 2, 3. C. tremellosa Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Myc. Notes 38 : 516 text f. 512, 513, 1912 Type: in Lloyd Herb, probably Plate 1, fig. 9 19241 BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 13 Fructifications coriaceous, soft, resupinate, at first circular, pezizoid, and with the thickened, paler margin slightly upturned, at length confluent, effused, and with the hymenial surface merulioid by the elevated confluent margins and reticulate veins, drying deep olive-buff to drab ; hyphae with walls gelatin- ously modified, nodose-septate; basidia simple, with 2-4 sterig- mata; spores white in spore collection, simple, even, 8-11 X 5-6 Fructifications at first 1-3 mm. in diameter, finally confluent over areas 3-8 X 3-5 cm. On bark of decaying limbs of frondose species in low woods. Louisiana. November to June. Although the young fructifications of C. tremellosa are decidedly pezizoid in aspect, yet, in the specimens seen by me, these small fructifications are in such close proximity to resupinate confluent masses of the same color that the resemblance to a Merulius is the more striking. Specimens examined : Louisiana: St. Martin ville. A, B. Langlois, 2620, 2670, aw, 594 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 61681); C. G. Lloyd, 2A02 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Burt Herb.). SOLENIA /Sfofema Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 116. 1794; Syn. Fung. 675. 1801; Myc. Eur. 1: 334. 1822; Hoffman, Deutschl. Fl. 2: pi 8. 1795; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 200. 1823; Hym. Eur. 595. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 424. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 129. 1898; Rea, Brit. Basid. 701. 1922. Fructifications coriaceous or membranaceous, sessile or nearly so, cyUndric or turbinate, gregarious, fasciculate, rarely solitary, but not joined together except by confluence, seated on a super- ficial, felt-like, floccose and sometimes fugacious mycelium; basidia simple; spores white or colored. The type species is Solenia Candida Pers. Soknia is closely related to Cyphella but differs from the latter by more numerous and less scattered fructifications which are more cylindric in the case of most species, and in having the gregarious fructifications seated on a more or less manifest myceUum. The [Vol. 11 14 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN priority of Persoon^s publication of Solenia is clearly established by Hoffmann's own work, for on the page of text following plate 8 he gives the full title of Persoon's work and its place of publi- cation. Key to the Species Spores white 1 Spores colored IL S. endophila 1. Fructifications white or but slightly cream-colored 2. 1. Fructifications colored 3. 2- Fructifications white, scattered, cylindric, mouth not contracted; spores subglobose L S. Candida 2. Fructifications white, fasciculate, mouth contracted; spores subglobose S. S, fasciculata 2, Fructifications straw-color or shining white; in California 12. S. gracilis 2. Fructifications white, crowded, confluent into a reticulate form; spores 4H-5 X 4-43^ /x 3. S. polyporoidea 2. Fructifications densely crowded, slightly tinted with cream; spores 4-6 X 2-3 M 4^ S. conferta 2. Fructifications white, cylindric, villose; in Sweden 13. S. villosa 3- Fructifications ochraceous; spores 10-11 X 4J^ mJ on stems of ferns ,6. S. filicina 3. Fructifications sulphur-colored; spores subglobose 6, S. sulphurea 3. Fructifications some shade of brown; spores 6-11 X 1H^3^M 7. S. anomala 3, Fructifications pallid neutral gray, cylindric-clavate or pyriform; spores 9 X 53^ ju; in California 8. S, ainerea 3. Fructifications cinereous, cup-shaped, sessile; spores 43^-6^ X 4H-5 Ai 9.S. poriaeformia 3. Fructifications partially buried in the subiculum; spores 5-6 X 3 fi; in Venezuela 10. S, suhpariaeformis 1 . Solenia Candida Persoon, Roeiner Neues Mag. Bot. 1 : 116. 1794; Syn. Fung. 676. 1801 ; Myc. Eur. 1 : 334. 1822; Hoff- mann, Deutschl. Fl. 2: pi 8 J A, 1795; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 200. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 424. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26; 226. 1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 702. 1922. Fructifications scattered or solitary, 2-3 nun. high, cylindric, shining white, glabrous; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 33^-4 (x. On rotten wood. New York to Louisiana, and on palm in Bermuda. August to December. Rare. The specimens which I have referred to S. Candida are white when fresh but becoming pale pinkish buff in the herbarium, uniformly cyUndric, often only 1 mm. long by 150 \f. in diameter, 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 15 and notable by the mouths being nearly or quite the full diameter of the cavity of the fructification, as though the fructification were truncate. In Hoffmann's illustration, cited for S. Candida by Persoon in his following works, the enlarged figure shows the fructifications as true cylinders with mouths open the full width of the cavity. In this figure the fructifications are enlarged to length of about 4 mm. and diameter of about 1 mm. and about the same distance apart as their length. In the collections which I refer to S. Candida, the fructifications may be closer together than their length but always with small spaces between the fructi- fications, which are soft and crush easily under the cover glass in preparations. Specimens examined: New Hampshire : Hanover, G. R. Lyman, 32 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61693). New York: Buffalo, G. W, Clinton (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., under the name Solenia fasciculata, and in Burt Herb.) ; East Galway, E. A. Burt. Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B, Langlois, 1743. Bermuda: S. Brown, N. L. Britton & F. J. Seaver, 1499 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61649). 2. S. fasciculata Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 335. pi. 12, f. 8 and 9. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 200. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Schweinitz. Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 180. 1832; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 9: 7. 1886; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 424. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 225. 1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 702. 1922. — An Solenia gracilis Cope- land, Ann. Myc. 2: 508. 1904? Fructifications gregarious and usually fasciculate, cylindric- clavate, somewhat enlarged towards the apex, 2-7 mm. high, white, minutely silky, almost smooth, sometimes rising from a thin, white mycelium; spores of European specimens white, even, 4-5}/^ X 3-4 \l, 4-6 X 3-5 ;i in American specimens. The specimens of S. fasciculata from France, sent to me by Bourdot and determined by him, have retained their white color for the seven years since gathered ;they are seated on a whit e subiculum, common to the group of fructifications, and are ^ [Vol. 11 16 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN soft and easily crushed under the cover-glass m preparations and the hairs on the outside of the fructifications are colorless and soft in my preparations stained with eosin. The American specimens become pallid in the herbarium in a short time and may have spores sHghtly larger than European specimens. Two of our gatherings cited below have still the thin myceliimi or subiculum, common to small groups of young fructifications; this apparently disappears as the fructifications become older and is not evident in most gatherings. The diameter of the mouth is somewhat smaller than that of the cavity into which it opens in this species, so that the apex is merely obtuse. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: ElliS; N. Am. Fungi, 937, under the name Solenia villosa; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 21. France: Loubotis, A. Galzin, 18240, I824I, comm. by H. Bourdot, 16094 and 15752 respectively. Canada: Toronto, /. H. Fault, Umv. Toronto Herb., 640 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44909). Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three gatherings. New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt; East Galway, E. A. Burt. New Jersey : Newfield, Ellis & Harkness, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 937. Virginia: Mountain Lake, W. A. Murrill, 403 in part (in Mo. Bot, Gard. Herb., 54531). South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 21. Florida: Daytonia, R. Thaxter, comm. by Farlow Herb., 234 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63044). Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2998. 3. S. polyporoidea Peck, Mss. n. sp. Solenia villosa Fr. var. polyporoidea Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 41:86. 1888. Type : in N. Y. State Mus. Herb. At first granuliform and distinct, finally confluent along the sides in contact and forming a more or less connected, reticulate layer with the bare wood showing in many little areas 3^-1 mm. in diameter; no subiculum present; fructifications pure white, sessile, tubular, 700 ^ long, 200-300 a in diameter, about 5 to a 1 1924' BURT — TEE THELEFHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 17 mm. where confluent, the free surfaces of the exterior clothed with weak, matted, hyaline, even hairs up to 30 ^ long by 1 [i in diameter; spores copious, hyaline, even, subglobose, slightly flattened on one side, 43/^-5 X 4-43^ [i. Covering areas 3-7 cm. long, 14 cm. broad. On decorticated, decaying wood of Tsuga. Adirondack Mountains, New York. The hairs on the exterior are like ordinary hyphae of the walls and radiate outward only up to 30 ^ rather than like the much larger, distinctive, external hairs of C. fasciculata; the cups are so firmly grown together that they are more or less mutilated and the walls torn in teasing the fructifications apart with needles under the dissecting microscope when immersed in water. This species is noteworthy by the confluence of the cups as well as by the matted, weak hairs. Specimens examined: New York: Adirondack Mts., C, H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.). 4. S. conferta Burt, n. sp. Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications crowded, sometimes up to 4 to a mm. and then somewhat confluent, cylindric, white with slight creamy tint, clothed with slender, appressed, even hairs 75 X 23^-3 (i, sub- hyaline, slightly yellowish in preparations stained with eosin; basidia simple, 12-15 X 4 tx, with 4 sterigmata; spores white in a spore collection, even, 4-6 X 2-3 [jl. Fructifications about 1 mm. high, 200-300 it in diameter, covering areas 10 cm. or more in diameter. On rotten wood. Alabama and Missouri. November. This species may be only a small-spored form of S. fasciculata but it seems to me distinct by its fructifications becoming densely crowded and somewhat confluent, by the smaller spores, and by the hairs being slightly yellowish. It was distributed by Ravenel under the name S. villosa, with the European concept of which it does not agree. Where most densely crowded, the fructifications shrink apart in drying, showing bare areas of wood as in S. polypor&idea from which S. conferta differs in oblong [Vol. II 18 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN spores and larger, true, external hairs and less marked confluence of fructifications. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 42, under the name Solenia villosa. Alabama: Peters, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 42. Missouri: Meramec Highlands, L. 0. Overholts, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14505). 5. S. fiUcina Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 28: 52. 1876; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 426. 1888. An S. villosa Fr? var., Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 225. 1910? Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb. "Cups springing from an ochraceous, white-margined, tomen- tose subiculum, elongated, clavate or cylindrical, deflexed, clothed with appressed hairs or tomentum, ochraceous; spores hyaline, broadly fusiform, containing one or two nuclei," even, 10-11 X 4:}4 tJt; basidia simple. Fructifications about 250-350 ;i, in diameter. Base of Uving fern stems. Lake Pleasant, New York. August. Peck noted that the basal part of the cups sometimes turns brown and shrinks in drying so that they appear stipitate. In the course of nearly fifty years, the subiculum and cups have become clay color with the margin paler. The hairs clothing the fructifications are only very slightly colored, even, flexuous, 75-85 X 3-33^ (X, tapering to a sharp tip; the spores are not curved but straight, with equal sides, tapering to both base and apex. Specimens examined: New York: Lake Pleasant, C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.). 6. S. sulphurea Saccardo & Ellis, Michelia 2: 564. 1882; Sacc. SyU. Fung. 6: 426. 1888. Type; probably in Saccardo Herb., and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications gregarious, sometimes rather crowded and up to 2-3 to a mm., cup-shaped, short-stemmed, sulphur-colored. 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 19 / fading in the herbarium, strigose-pilose, the margin whitish fringed ; hairs minutely rough, flexuous, 75-90 X 4-4^ \l, sharp- pointed; spores hyaUne, even, subglobose, 6-73^ ^ in diameter, copious. Fructifications 250-400 ii in diameter and of about the same height. On dead places in Uving trunk of Magnolia glauca. Newfield, New Jersey. January and April. Apparently local. The specimens which I have seen were collected forty years ago and now show only traces of the original color, which is noted on the packets as ' 'yellowish white when fresh, with white fringed margin, and disk white or nearly so." The larger globose spores should distinguish this species from Cyphella sulphurea and C. laeta. Specimens examined: New Jersey : Newfield, /. B. Ellis, four gatherings (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61697- 61700). 7. S. anomala (Pers.) Fuckel, Symb. Myc, App. 1: 290. 1872; Fries, Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 427. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 227. 1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 702. 1922. Peziza anomala Persoon, Obs. Myc. 1: 29. 1796; Syn. Fung. 656. 1801 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2 : 106. 1823.— P. stipata Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 270. 1822.— ^o^enia ochracea Hoffmann, Deutschl. Fl. 2 : pi 8,f. 2, 1795 ; Persoon, Syn. Fung. 675. 1801 ; Myc. Eur. 1: 334. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 201. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Morgan, Cincmnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 9: 8. 1886; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 425. 1888; Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 283. 1889; Bourdot & Galzin, he. dt.—S. anmnaloides Peck, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 25 : 326. 1898; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 173. 1902.— >S. anomala var. ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk, in Rea, loc. ciL — An S. confusa Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 84. 1903? Fructifications drying Dresden brown, snuff-brown, or Rood's brown, turbinate or pyriform, crowded or scattered, clothed with thick-walled hairs 23^-3 \i in diameter which give their color tVOL. 11 20 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN to the fructifications and at the apex of the fructifications are often rough-walled near their tips; hymenium paler, urceolate, the margin incurv^ed; basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, curved, 6-11 X 13^-4J^ \l. Fructifications in dried condition }4-l mm. high, 200-300 (x in diameter, where crowded 3-4 to a mm. Usually crowded into small areas on pustules or crevices in the bark of dead twigs of Alnus, Prunus, Quercus, Betula, Salix, etc., or covering broad areas of decorticated wood, fewer and more scattered when the wood is very rotten. Throughout Europe, Newfoundland to Louisiana, westward to Oregon and British Columbia, and in Porto Rico. August to May. Common. European specimens of S. anomala in the exsiccati cited below have somewhat larger spores than those of gatherings from eastern United States but do not differ at all from those of the extreme West. Those from British Columbia have spores 7-10 X 4-4J^ yi and hairs rough near the tips, agreeing in both respects with the Westendorp distribution from Belgium. In one Colo- rado and one Montana gathering the spores are 3 ^ thick, as in those of the Berkeley and the Libert distributions, and in another Colorado specimen 3-33^ [l thick as in the Cavara distribution. They are 23^ jjl thick in two Montana gatherings and in the Rabenhorst distribution, although many of the latter are only 2 (A thick as is the usual thickness of spores of New York and New England gatherings. In my opinion these spore differences do not warrant specific distinction, and I doubt furthermore whether S, confusa of Europe, separated from S. anomala on the sole ground of spores 7-10 X 2-23/^ [x, is really distinct from the latter. The distributions by Berkeley, Libert, and Cavara are true intermediates. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2085, under the name 5. ochracea; Berkeley, Brit. Fimgi, 260; Cavara, Fungi Longo- bardiae, 108; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 405, under the name S. ochracea; Desmazieres, Crypt. France, 1059; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 611, under the name S. ochracea; Reliquiae Farlowianae, 363; Karsten, Fungi Fenniae Exs., 7; Kunze, Fungi Sel. Exs., 301; Libert, PL Crypt. Arduennae, 227: Rabenhorst, Herb. 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 21 Myc, 307; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 7; Saccardo, Myc. Veneta, 1407, 1408; Sydow, Fungi Exotici, 323; Westendorp, Herb. Crypt. Beige, 398. Finland: P. Karsten, in Karsten, Fungi Fenniae Exs., 7. Sweden: Tyroso, L. Romell, No. A in part. Gennany: Dresden, in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 307. Austria: Sonntagberg, P. Strasser (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42683) . Switzerland: G. Winter, in Kunze, Fungi Sel. Exs., 301. Italy: Padua, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 108; in Saccardo, Myc. Veneta, 1407, 1408. France: in Desmazidres, Crypt. France, 1059; in Libert, PI. Crypt. Arduennae, 227. Belgium: Bruges, in Westendorp, Herb. Crypt. Beige, 398. England: in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 260; Shrewsbury, W, Phillips, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 405, under the name S. ochracea. Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghome (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4601). Canada: Ontario, Kenora, A. H. R. Buller, 559 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58979); London, J. Dearness, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2085, and Sydow, Fungi Exotici, 323. Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt. Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three collections. Massachusetts : Arlington, E. A . Burt; Cambridge, M. A . Barber; Milton, H. Webster, 800; Newton, M. A. Barber (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3913); Sharon, TT. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62749); A. P, D, Piguet, in Reliquiae Farlowianae, 363. New York: Bronx Park, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61688); Syracuse, A. H. W. Povah, 890 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58175); L. M. Under- wood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61690) ; White Plains, L. M. Underwood (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61687). Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Ellis & Harkness, in Ellis, N. Am, Fungi, 611. South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 20 Louisiana: St. MartinviUe, A. B. Langlois. 22 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 Michigan: Beal, 214, type of Solenia anomalaides (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.). Iowa: Webster County, 0. M. Oleson, 44^ (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14556); Woodbine, Humphrey & Edgerton, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 6510 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42920). Missouri: Concordia, Demetrio (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4592); Creve Coeur, S, M, Zeller, 1567 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55567). Nebraska: Lincoln, L. B. Walker (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55016). Colorado : Geneva, F. J. Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61692); Tolland, F. J. Seaver cfc E, Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61691). r" Montana: Choteau, J. A. Hughes, comm. by J. R. Weir, 5489 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55947); Helena, F. D, Kelsey (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62750) ; Missoula, J, R. Weir, 424 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22430); Sheridan, Mm Fiieh (m N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61689). Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 2064 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57504) . British Columbia: Sidney, /. Macoun, 67 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5745); Victoria, J. Macoun, 663 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55308). Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson & R. C, Rose, 6532 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55657). Jamaica: Chester Vale, TF. A. &, E. L. Murrill, 347, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. 8. S. cinerea Burt in Millspaugh & Nut tall, Flora Santa Catalina Island, 315. 1922. Type: in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications cespitose, 30-100 in dense circular clusters on cracks and pustules of the bark, short-stipitate, cylindric-clavate or pyriform, pallid neutral gray of Ridgway, minutely hairy, the apex obtuse and pore nearly closed; surface hairs colored, flexuous, 100 X 33/^ ijL, paler towards the tips and there rough- 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 23 walled; basidia simple, 30 X 6 pi, with 4 slender sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, cylindric or slightly curved, 73/^-10 X 4- by2 V-1 usually 9 X 53^ p.. Fructifications 700 ^ high, 200-300 p, in diameter. On bark of rotting oak. California. May. The fructifications are colored like those of S. poriaeformis but in other respects are more like S. anomala when growing on pustules and crevices of the bark. Specimens examined: California: Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, L. W. Nuttall, 396, type (in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 57610). 9. S. poriaeformis (Pers.) Fries, Hym. Eur., 597. 1874; Winter in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-Fl. 1: 391. 1884; Bourdot & Galzm, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 226. 1910. Peziza poriaeformis Pers. r of Peziza anomala Pers. Syn. Fung. 656. 1801.— P.? poriaeformis (Pers.) De Candolle, Fl. France 6: 26. 1815; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 106. 1823.— P. tepArosm Pers. Myc. Eur. 1: 271. IS22 .—S olenia poriaeformis (DC.) Fuckel, Symb. Myc. App. 1 : 290. 1872.— Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:428. 1888;Coker, Elisha Mitchell. Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 151. pi 15, pi SO. f. 4-6. 1921 ; Rea, Brit. Basid. 703. 1922.— An Peziza pruinata Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift. 1 : 120. 1822?— An P. Daedalea Schwemitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 174. 1832? Illustrations: Brefeld, Untersuch. Myk. 7: pi H, /• ^1- 1888; Coker, loc. cit. Fructifications about 1 nmi. high, cinereous, light neutral gray or hair-brown, cup-shaped, sessile, hairy, more or less crowded, 2-4 to a mm., seated on a grayish mycehmn; hymenium pale gray, concave; flesh thin, brownish; basidia simple, with 2-4 sterigmata ; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4^^-63^ X 4J^- 6 v.. On decaying limbs and logs of frondose species. Europe, New Jersey to Alabama, and in Minnesota. April to January. In- frequent. This species covers small areas 1-3 cm. long by )^-l cm. broad on bark of oak, birch, maple, grape, etc. It has the aspect of a rvoL. 11 24 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN cinereous, crustaceous lichen bearing numerous small apothecia. It is distinguished from S. suhporiaeformis by larger cups and more globose spores. I failed to study the authentic specimens of Peziza Daedalea Schw. and Peziza pruinata Schw. when there was an opportunity. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2317; Jaap, Fungi Sel. Exs., 65; Ravenel, Fvmgi Car. 1: 38, under the name Peziza pruinata Schw.; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 1: 37, under the name Peziza Daedalea Schw. Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell. Germany: Brandenburg, in Jaap, Fungi Sel. Exs., 65. France: Aveyron, A, Galzin, 1784, comm. by H. Bourdot, 4747. New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2317. Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1087, North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W, C. Coker, 4686 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 57331). South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 1: 37,38. Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57330). Minnesota: Vermilion Lake, E. W. D. Holway (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4800), and J. C. Arthur, L. H. Bailey & E. W. D. Holway, 2548 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4599). 10. S. subporiaeformis Burt, n. sp. Type: in Farlow Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications spherical, 120-150 \k in diameter, 4-5 to a mm., nearly buried in the pale neutral gray subiculum, with the white mouths and adjacent portion of the wall protruding; mouth about 60-80 tx in diameter; hymenium black as seen from above, the subhymenium opaque, nearly black; basidia simple, pjrriform, 9-12 X 5-6 [I,; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 5-6 X 3 11. Fructifications in small patches 4x3 cm., 3x2 cm., and 3 X IM cm. in the three specimens collected. 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 25 On decorticated, very rotten wood. Margarita Island, Vene- zuela. July. This species is closely related to S, poriaeformis , but may be distinguished from the latter by smaller, partially buried fructi- fications, smaller basidia, and smaller spores of elongated rather than subglobose form. It may possibly range farther north into the West Indies. Specimens examined: Venezuela: Margarita Island, A. F. Blakeske, type (in Farlow Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56064). U. S. endophila (Ces.) Fries, Hym. Eur. 705. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 427. 1888. Cyphella endophila Cesati in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513, with description. 1872; Mattirolo, Accad. Scienze Torino Atti 22:— pi 4. 1887. Type: type distribution in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513. Fructifications densely crowded together, curving upward from a continuous carpet (often evanescent) of short, suberect, colored hyphae, furfuraceous-villose, at first whitish, becoming ochraceous when old, attenuated towards the base into a short stem; the disk rather pale; hairs colored, even, flexuous, 40-45 X 3-43/^ [jl; basidia simple, 12-14 X 43^-5 y.; spores colored, even, 6-7 X 4-5 ^x, copious. Fructifications 1 mm. long, 200-300 jx in diameter, usually somewhat scattered but crowded in some places up to 2-3 to a mm. On rotten, decorticated wood and bark of Populus and other frondose species. Southern Europe, Maine, Vermont, Florida, Colorado, and South America. August to March. Rare. A great deal of powdery matter covers the hairy fructification and is the cause of its whitish color. S. endophila is readily distinguished from our other species by its colored spores. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513, type distribution; Theissen, Dec. Fung. Brasilium, 165. Italy: Cesati, in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513. Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 1 (m Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43804). [Vol. 11 26 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Vermont: Middlebmy, E, A. Burt Florida: Palm Beach, R. Thaxier, comm. by Farlow Herb., 247 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63046). Colorado: Denver, F. /. Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61695). Venezuela: Margarita Island, A. F. Blakeslee, comm. by Farlow Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56067). Brazil: Rick, in Theissen, Dec. Fung. Brasilium, 165. SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN 12. S. gracilis Copeland, Ann. Myc. 2: 508. 1904; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21: 362. 1912. "Sparsa; cupulis primo urceolatis, brevissime stipitatis, demum cylindraceis, denique late sessilibus, sursum attenuatis, oribus incrassatis, integris, glabris, stramineis nitentibus, vel candidis et deorsima fuscescentibus, 0.5 mm. altis; sporis globosis, 7.5-8 (a diam. (( Ad lignum putridum Alni. Saratoga." [California.] 13. S. viUosa Fries, Syst. Myc. 2 : 200. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 180. 1832; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 425. 1888. Fructifications gregarious, cylindric, villose, white. Related to the preceding species {S. Candida, S. fasdculata, S. palUns) but a little larger, distinctly villose, by this approaching S. ochracea. On fallen rotten wood. The above is a translation of the original description, to which I have found no distinctive additions from later European research. The description is given here because American my- cologists have so frequently referred gatherings to S. villosa, a species which seems to be imperfectly known in its own country. MATRUCHOTIA, MICROSTROMA, PROTOCORONOSPORA Matruchotia varians Boulanger, Rev. Gen. Bot. 5: 401. pi 12-14. 1893; Rev. Myc. 16: m.pl.l4£-lU- 1894. Sacc. SyU. Fung. 11: 118. 1895. Under the above name Boulanger described as a new genus and new species a fxmgus of soft consistency and aspect of the 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 27 Hyalostiheae but having spores borne one or two to a sporoph usually but one. This fungus appeared in cultures of the bark of Piscidia erythrina, used in pharmacy and obtained from South America northward to Florida. On account of sometimes two spores to a spore-bearing cell Boulanger would class Matruchotia as a Basidiomycete — as an intermediate connecting the Basi- diomycetes with the Hyphomycetes and showing their phylo- genetic origin from the latter. The account and illustrations present Matruchotia as having an erect trunk composed of cohering hyphae, branched above, and bearing spores along the sides of the trunk and branches and at the tips of the final branchlets. I am disposed to regard Matruchotia as a genus of the Stilbiaceae and do not attach great importance to the fact that the spores are sometimes in twos. The range of Matruchotia is northward to Maine at least and on other kinds of wood than Piscidia, for while collecting at Kit- tery Point with Professor Thaxter we found plentifully there a soft, white, mucedinous fungus which he recognized as Matrucho- tia, Microstroma Niessl, Mahr. Crypt. FL, 163. 1861; Sacc. Syll. Fimg. 4: 9. 1886; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1:1 105. 1898. This genus is represented in North America by M. alhus, M. Juglandis, M. leucosporum, M. americanorum , and M. ingainicola. The more frequent species occur as small white patches on living leaves of Carya, Juglans, Quercus, etc. Some authors have re- ferred Microstroma to the Basidiomycetes on account of several spores being produced at the apex of the spore-bearing cell. R. Maire, Rec. publ. Occ. Jubil^ sc. Prof. Le Monnier 131-139. 1913, concludes that Microstroma is not a Basidiomycete but one of the Melanconieae. Protocoronospora Atkinson & Edgerton, Jour. Myc. 13: 186. 1907; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21: 421. 1912; Wolf, Elisha Mitchell Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 82. 1920. The type species, Protocoronospora nigricans Atk. & Edg., is a virulent parasite on all parts above ground, including the pods, of Vicia sativa and V. villosa. Protocoronospora was proposed as ** (Vol. 11 28 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN a genus of the Thelephoraceae because the spores are borne in a whorl at the apex of the spore-bearing cell. Wolf, loc. cit., has presented the morphology and development of P. nigricans and concludes that Protocoronospora is not a Basidio.mycete but one of the M elanconieae , a conclusion in which I concur. ASTEROSTROMA Asterostroma Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 154. pi. 4J^, f. 8, 9. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 236, 1891; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam, (1:1**): 122. 1898; Bourdot & Galzm, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 36: 44. 1920. Fructifications resupinate, effused, dry, composed of loosely interwoven hyphae, some of which terminate in brown, stellate organs composed of slender rays ; basidia simple, with 2-4 sterig- mata; spores hyaline. The species of Asterostroma are likely to be referred to Corti- cium unless sections are examined. In sections the brown, stellate organs are conspicuous when viewed with the microscope and sharply separate Asterostroma from other resupinate thelephora- ceoiis fungi. Similar organs occur, however, in Asterodon of the Hydnaceae and in a species of Lachnocladium. Key to the Species No colored hyphae present in the subiculum 1 Some colored hyphae in subiculum 6, A. ochrostroma 1. Spores becoming echinulate 2 !• Spores even , .3 2. Stellate organs with imbranched rays as a rule 1. A. cervicolor 2. Many stellate organs have some rays branched S. A. muscicolum 3. Hymenium drying whitish; no cystidia; rays 3^-4^ M '^ diam- eter 3. A. hicolor 3. Like A. bicolor except that rays up to 130 X 9 m protrude beyond hymenium, like setae. ,,.,... .-^. A, spiniferum 3. Stellate organs have notably long, slender rays up to 100-150 X 3-3H p; fructification not spongy S. A. gracile !• Asterostroma cervicolor (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 155. 1889; Sacc. SyU. Fung. 9: 237. 1891; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 36: 44. 1920. Cortidum cervicolor Berk. & Curtis, GreviUea 1: 179. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 621. ISm.— Asterostroma corticola Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25; 155. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 236. 1924) BURT — THE THELEPHOBACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 29 1891. — A. alhido-carneum Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 155. pi. 46. f. 8f 9. 1889. Not Thelephora alHdo-carnea Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 169. 1832.—^. pallidum Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 18: 38. pi. l,f. 6. 1895; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 223. 1899. Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb. Fructification effused, thin, spongy, dry, avellaneous to cin- namon-drab within, the margin fibriUose-floccose, paler; hymen- ium even, pulverulent, becoming pallid where well-fruited; structure in section 150-300 p. thick, composed of thin-walled, loosely arranged, hyaline hyphae 2-23/^ [a in diameter and of conspicuous, colored, thick-walled, rigid, stellate organs with 3-7, usually about 5, unbranched rays 15-60 |x long and 3-33/^ ijl in diameter, distributed throughout the fructification; cystidia (gloeocystidia?) fusoid, often sharp-pointed, not incrusted, 30-45 X 8-12 [1, protruding up to 25 ia above the basidia; basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata; spores white in spore collections, spherical, becoming echinulate, with the spore body 4-5 ^ in diameter. On decaying wood, earth, and on outside of a flower pot. Canada to Louisiana, in Washington, California, Mexico, West Indies, and Japan. July to March. Widely distributed but not abundant. The color of this species varies somewhat with the presence and degree of development of the hymenimn; young fructifica- tions still lacking basidia or with only few scattered basidia have a tawny color due to the nmnerous colored stellate bodies which are present in the surface of the fructification. As the hymenium becomes continuous in patches or over the whole surface it con- ceals the stellate organs and shows as a whitish or pallid pellicle in the regions where developed, with comparatively few colored rays protruding through it. The type specimen of A. pallidum has the hymenium fully developed. Under my method of stain- ing sections with eosin and then preserving in glycerine mounts, the fusoid organs in the hymenium are what I understand as non- incrusted cystidia containing little granular matter, a great deal of cell sap, and with such thin walls that they collapse in the glycerine preparations. Bourdot has a special reagent and method which he employs as a test for gloeocystidia, and he has decided that these organs are gloeocystidia. [Vol. 11 30 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN The specimens of A. ochroleuca Bres. from France, communi- cated by Bourdot, seem to me specifically distinct from our A. cervicolor by their lack of the continuous, whitish hymenial pellicle and the abundant rays in the hymenial surface being well branched so that very many of them resemble antlers rather than stellate organs. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 228, under the name Corticium cervicolor; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 14, type distribution of Aster- ostroma alhido-cameum Massee, under the name Corticium albido-carneum but not the species of Schweinitz. Canada: St. Lawrence Valley, /. Macoun, 18. New Hampshire: Chocorua, E. A. Burt, two collections; W. G. Farlow, 2a, 2h, an unnumbered specimen in Burt Herb., and 2, S, 155 and an unnumbered specimen (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55601, 55602, 55246, and 6883 respectively). Massachusetts: Belmont, W. G. Farlow. New York: Albany, H. D. House & J. RuUnger (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6327) ; East Galway, E. A. Burt. Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz under the names Thelephora reticulata and Thelephora mollis). District of Columbia: Washington, /. R. Weir, 19741 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59167). South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 14. Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 228. Florida: W. W. Calkins, 150, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44635); Cutler Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 85 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62104). Alabama: Peters, type of Corticium cervicolor (in Curtis Herb., 4026, and Kew Herb.) ; Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 110 and SU (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19896 and 57185 respective- ly). Louisiana: St. MartinviUe, A. B. Langlois, ex, 1948, SOS (in Burt Herb., Lloyd Herb., 3144, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55621). Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd. 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORA.CEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. XIII 31 Idaho: Priest River, /. R. Weir, 581 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63172). Washington: Hoquiom, C J. Humphrey , 64II. California: A. J. McClatchie, type of Asterostroma pallidum (in Kew Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4792). Mexico: Xuchiles, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1206, 1212, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54593 and 54594 respectively); near Guernavaca, W. A. & E.L. Murrill, 516, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54517); Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 300, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54444). Porto Rico: Central Alianga, /. A. Stevenson, 6071 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54684) ; Rio Piedras, comm. by Mrs. F. W. Patter- son. Japan: Awaji, Mt. Mikuma, A. Yasuda, 38 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56170). 2. A. muscicolum (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 155. 1889. Hymenochaete musdcola Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 334. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 602. 1888. Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb. Fructification broadly effused, thin, spongy, dry, wood-brown of Ridgway, the margin narrow, whitish; hymenium concoloroua with the subiculum or but slightly paler, even; in structure in section 300-400 ti thick, composed of thin-walled, loosely arranged hyaline hyphae and of very numerous, colored, stellate organs with 3-9 rays, the rays about 30-45 X 3-43^ v-s sometimes imbranched but many branched, becoming smaller and more branched towards, and in, the hymenium and bearing secondary whorls of small branches or with 2 stellate organs connected by a short, thick axis; cystidia few, not incrusted, 6 ii in diameter, protruding up to 27 {x, tapering to a sharp point ; spores hyaline, spherical, echinulate, the body 5-7 (i in diameter, the spines numerous, close together, very distinct. Fructifications up to 7 X 4 cm. when well developed. On dead branches of trees covered with moss, on cocoanut [Vol. 11 32 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN petioles, and on rotting wood. West Virginia, Arkansas, Louisi- ana, and the West Indies. July to December. A. muscicolum has so many tough, stellate organs that it is not easy to cut sections free hand which are thin enough to show clearly the details of the hymeniimi; it differs in this respect from A. cervicolor and also by the very numerous, branched rays and the thicker-walled spores covered with stouter and more numerous spines. Specimens examined : West Virginia: Eglon, C. G, Lloyd, 1457 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 55611). Louisiana: Dr, Hale (under the name Stereum Halei in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb., 3660) ; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2703. Arkansas: Fordyce, C. J. Humphrey, 2530 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11952). Cuba: C. Wright, 253 j type of Hymenochaete muscicola (in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.); Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2579 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14841); Habana Province, Fecha, F. S. Earle, Ul. Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 15. 3. A. bicolor Ellis & Everhart, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc. 1893: 441. 1893; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 128. 1895. Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., and Burt Herb. Effused, thin, avellaneous when fresh, the hymenium becoming whitish in the herbarium, the margin thin, cobwebby; in structure in section 200-300 jx thick, composed of loosely arranged, hyaline hyphae 2-23^^ {x in diameter and of rather scattered — not crowded olored, stellate organs with unbranched rays 45-120 \t. long, 1 ^ (i, in diameter; no cystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores white in a spore collection, even, globose, apiculate at the base, 5-7 ^jl in diameter. Fructifications 1-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad. On rotten wood of both frondose and coniferous species but more abundant on the latter. New York to Louisiana and west- ward to British Columbia. August to November. 19241 BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 33 Specimens of A. hicolor acquire in the herbarium the whitish hymenium of a well-fruited A. cervicolor from which they are only distinguishable by the even spores and the absence of cystidia. On the basis of the similar spores, I formerly referred to A. hicolor a small specimen collected in Sweden by Romell. Bourdot has recently sent to me from France several specimens, published by him under the name A. laxum Bres., which are identical in structure with the specimen from Romell and con- stantly distinct from our A . hicolor by having occasional cystidia and stellate organs with branched rays — so conspicuously branched in the hymenium as to approach antler form. Specimens examined: New York: Floodwood, E. A. Burt. Delaware: Wilmington, Commons, ^356, type (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb., U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., and Burt Herb.). Maryland: Glen Sligo, C. L. Shear, 11 41. Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, ac. Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd (in Lloyd Herb., 1401, 1425, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55616 and 55617 respectively). Illinois: Christopher, C. J. Humphrey, 1991 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59018). British Colimibia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 454, 495, 520, 541 (in Mo, Bot. Gard. Herb., 13274, 21977, 19438, and 3774 respectively). 4. A. spinifenim Burt, n. sp. Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications effused, with the subiculum avellaneous and the hymenium pale pinkish buff; in structure 300-350 ii thick, with hyphae hyaline, arranged longitudinally along the sub- stratum and passing into a loosely arranged layer and becoming intermked with the colored, stellate organs ; stellate organs not densely crowded together, with unbranched rays 50-90 X 6-7 n usually, but next to the hymenium having rays perpendicular to the latter, larger than the other rays, up to 130 X 9 ji, and protruding beyond the basidia up to 110 ix, like setae; cystidia not incrusted, 25 X 5 yi, sparingly present ; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 5-6 u in diameter. (Vol, 11 34 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Fructifications up to 4 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. On rotten wood. Porto Rico. July. This species is related to A. bicolor but is distinct from the latter and noteworthy by the very large, unsymmetrical, seta- lite rays which stand out above the general level of the hymenium. The occasional cystidia are an additional separating character. Specimens examined: Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 5579, type (in Mo. Bot. Cxard. Herb., 13415). 5. A. gracile Burt, n. sp. Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications effused, very thin, cobwebby, delicate, with the subiculum light drab and the hymLenium pale olive-buff, not continuous but with the basidia in clusters; in structure 150 H thick, with hyphae loosely arranged, hyaline, 2-21/^ {x in diam- eter, and with colored, stellate organs with central body 6 (x in diameter and very slender, unbranched rays up to 100-150 X 3-33^ [L, often protruding beyond the hymenium up to 45 \l; cystidia numerous, not incrusted, fusoid, 30 X 8 ja; basidia 15 X 6 \i] spores hyaline, even, spherical, 6 ijl in diameter. r Fructifications 3^-1 cm. in diameter. On very rotten, frondose wood. Alabama. October. The small gray fructifications of A. gracile have the aspect of a delicate, cobwebby Hyphomycete rather than the more compact, spongy structure of other species of this genus. The long, slender rays of the stellate organs and the cystidia are also distinctive. Specimens examined: . Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 409, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57202). r -I m 6, A. ochrostroma Burt, n. sp. Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Farlow Herb, probably. Fructification effused, dry, felty, ochraceous tawny, with surface becoming shallowly granular in fruiting; in structure 200-300 \k thick, composed of both hyaline, thin-walled, flaccid hyphae 2 ^ in diameter, and of some ochraceous, stiff, thick- walled hyphae 2 ji in diameter, and of very numerous, densely 1924] BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. XIII 35 crowded stellate organs of varying size; stellate organs with unbranched rays 20-60 X 3-6 (jl which protrude beyond the hymeninin in such great numbers and so crowded as to nearly conceal the basidia ; no cystidia found ; basidia simple, 10 X 5 \l, with 4 sterigmata, but few basidia found; floating spores in each preparation are hyaline, even, 4-43^^ X 3 ii, neither copious nor seen attached to basidia. Fructifications 1-13^ mm. long, about 3^ mm. broad. •On bark and decorticated wood of Abies. New Hampshire. September. A. ochrostroma differs from all other species of Aster osiroma known to me by the presence in its subiculum of some slender, rigid, thick-walled hyphae of the same diameter as the usual, thin-walled hyphae but of the same color as the stellate organs. I find these colored hyphae more abundant in the sterile portions of the fructification; they have bleached in sections preserved for several years in glycerine mounts. The stellate organs are more numerous than in any other of our species and prevent cutting satisfactorily thin sections of the hymenium by free hand. Some hyaline, even spores 4-4}/^ X 3 ii were found floating in each preparation but not abundantly and are probably the spores of this species. Specimens examined: New Hampshire: Crystal Cascade, White Mts., W. G. Farlow, 1, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55578). (To be continued) [Vol, 11. 1924J 36 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 1 Fig. 1. Cladoderris dendritica. a, showing upper side, collected in Cuba b] W- A. & E. L. Murrill, 136; 6, showing ribbed hymenium, collected in Colombia b] W- D. Denton. Fig. 2. C- floridana. Part of type, showing warts of hymenium^ collected ii Florida. Fig. 3. Skepperia spathularia. After Patouillard. Fig. 4. Hypolysstts Montagneu a, collected in Bolivia by A, M. Bang; &, col lected in Hondin-as by P. Wilson. Fig. 5- Cymatella pulvervlenta, a, piece of wood bearing several fructifications 6, 2 fructifications seen from under (hymenial) side, magnified, collected in Porte Rico by F. L. Stevens, 1358. Fig. 6. C minima. After Patouillard. Fig. 7. Cytidia floccidenta. Collected in Montana by Mrs. L. A. Fitch. Fig. 8. C salicina. Showing both young, pezizoid and expanded fructifications collected in Canada by J. Macoim. Fig. 9. C. tremellom. Collected in Louisiana by A. B. Langlois, 2620. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 11, 1924 Plate 1 BUHT— THELEPHOKACEAE OF NORTH AMEPJCA 1 . CLAOODKURIS DENDmTlC'A.- . HYPOLYSStrs MOXTAGNEI. -2. C, FLORIDAXA. —5. CYMATELLA l-ULV EUULKNTA. 7. CVTIPIA FLOCCULENTA.— 8. C. SALICXXA.— 9. C TREMELLOCiA 3. SKEPVEUIA 8PAT111TLA UIA . 6. C. MINIMA. SOME WOOD-DESTROYING FUNGI OF JAVA EDWARD ANGUS BURT Mycologist and Ldhrarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington University In the summer of 1921, Dr. Carl Hartley sent to me from Buitenzorg a package of specimens of the higher fungi, of species which he had observed to be destructive to timber of Java. My study in the determination of these specimens has shown that some of the species have a taxonomic interest in addition to their economic importance, the latter falling in the field of Dr. Hartley for extended consideration. The following species were received: POLYPORACEAE Fomes Korthalsii (L^v.) Cooke, as understood by Bresadola, Hedwigia 51: 312. 1912. Butt rot on living Castanea argentea, West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59493). Common on living Castanea, Tjiboda, West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59491). Fomes pectinatus (Kl.) Cooke. Parasitic on Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa , Madjokerto, East Java, C. Hartley & R. D. Rands (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59510). Fomes velutinosus Hutchins in Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Syn. Fomes 260. textf. 599. 1915. On dead koerea, West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59507). This species is suggestive of Polyporus gilvus in aspect and coloration and presence of setae in the hymenium but has colored spores 5 X 4 (X and the tubes in two strata. Fomes (Ganodenna) applanatus Fr. On stump of Acacia decurrens, Buitenzorg, Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59504). Polystictus elongatus (Berk.) Fr. r Issued July 25, 1924. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gabd.. Vol. 11, 1924 (37) 38 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN rvoL. 11 On dead Quercus pseudo-mollucca , altitude 5000 ft., West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59505). Polystictus nothopus L6v. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 233. 1888. Plate 2, fig. 1 . Polyporus notopus L^veille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 194. 1844. On dead Vemonia arbor ea, altitude 4500 ft., West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59515). This species was described by L^veille as follows: — Pileo duro suborbiculari, subvelutino obsolete zonato, poris )nspicuis rotundis fuscis, stipite dorsali brevi obliquo sursum jnuato pileo concolori. — Hab. Java, ad tnincos. II ''Polyporus proboscideus Junghuhn (herb. Lugd. Batav.). "Chapeau petit, presque ligneux, large de 4 ^ 6 millimetres, tr^s curieux, parce que le pMicule nait k peu prds k la partie moyenne de la face sup^rieure du chapeau, et se dirige oblique- ment en haut et en arrive pour se fixer; la couche de pores regarde, malgr^ cette disposition, vers la terre. " Judging by the specimens received, the pilei are gregarious, very small, conical, pendant, dorsally attached, either centrally or somewhat obhquely, 4r-10 mm. broad, 3-4 mm. thick from point of attachment to the mouth of the pores; the surface cinnamon-buff of Ridgway, sericeous to subvelutinous, obscurely zonate; the margin thin, entire usually, slightly lobed in one instance; context light buff, woody; tubes 150 \i long, mouths cinnamon-buff, angular, about 10 to a mm.; basidia simple, pyriform, 7^ X 33^-4 jx; spores hyaline, even, 4 X 3-33^ n; no seta, cystidia, hyphal fascicles, nor gloeocystidia. Xantho- chrous opisthopus Patouillard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 29: 336. 1923, from Annam, should be compared with P. nothopus. Polystictus spadiceus (Jungh.) Cooke. On dead Altingia excelsa, West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gaxd. Herb., 59512). Poria medulla-panis Pers. On stump. West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59505). The specimens are broadly resupinate and stratose but infested by a Hyphomycete and sterile. 1924] BURT — ^WOOD-DESTROYING FUNGI OF JAVA 39 Poria sp. On dead Vernonia arhorea, altitude 4500 ft., West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59506). The fructification is resupinate on a rotten limb, and covering an area 10 cm. long, 2-33^ cm. broad, between warm buf! and antimony yellow of Ridgway in dry condition ; pores with mouths angular, about 4 to a mm. The hymenium is deteriorated and shows neither basidia nor spores. Trametes corrugata (Pers.) Bres. Polystictus Persoonii Cooke. On living Hevea brasiliensis, Buitenzorg, Java, R. D. Rands, 192 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59497). HYDNACEAE ■ Hydnum obrutans Burt, n. sp. Plate 2, fig. 2. Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructification resupinate, long and widely effused, not separable, white, becoming up to 2]/^ cm. thick by the older teeth becoming buried and grown together under those of more recent formation, soft and easily sectioned when moistened ; teeth white, cylindric, subulate, oblique, nearly parallel with the substratum, free portion 1-2 mm. long, about 3-4 to a mm.; no setae, cystidia, nor gloeocystidia ; basidia simple; spores hyaline, even, globose, 4)^ ^ in diameter, copious. Fructifications large; fragments fractured on all sides, up to 10 cm. long, 23/^ cm. wide, 5 mm.-23^ cm. thick; teeth about 200-250 tJL in diameter. Causing heart rot of living trunks of Quercus sp., 4500 ft. altitude. West Java, C. Hartley, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59520) . This species is noteworthy by its parasitic nature, great thick- ness attained through consolidation together of the buried teeth comparable with that of the tubes of a Fomes, white color, and fracturing into chalk-like masses when dry but soft and not truly fleshy nor calcareous when moistened. THELEPHORACEAE Stereum obscurans Burt, n. sp. Plate 2, fig. 3 Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. [Vol.. 11 40 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Pileus coriaceous, rigid, thin, broadly wedge-shaped to dimidi- ate, sessile, tapering to a point of attachment, the upper surface tawny olive of Ridgway, somewhat radiately rugose, short tomen- tose, with the tomentum disappearing more or less near the margin in narrow zon^ and there showing the pallid quaker drab surface of the bared areas, the margin more or less lobed; in structure 800 y. thick, with the intermediate layer composed of densely and longitudinally arranged, slightly colored hyphae, and bordered on the upper side by a broad dark zone which bears the tomentum of the covering ; hymenium glabrous, pallid quaker drab, blacken- ing when sections are treated with dilute potassic hydrate; no setae, cystidia, nor gloeocystidia ; no spores found. Pilei 4r-5 cm. long, 5-6 cm. broad. On dead wood, Tjibodas, West Java, R. D, Rands, comm. by C. Hartley, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 69518). The two pilei received have had the marginal portions broken away near the point of attachment but lead me to believe that they were not connected with a reflexed portion nor umbonate- sessile. The bymeniiun, margin, and some zones of the upper surface of the pileus are tinged with pallid quaker gray of Ridg- way, i. e., livid like the hydrogen arsenide flame. In lactic acid mount the sections show their hyphae to be somewhat rough- walled, as though resinous incnisted — especially so the tomentum on surface of pileus, the dark zone bearing the tomentum, and the hymenium ; dilute potassic hydrate blackens all the incrusting matter and also the contents of many hyphae. I have observed similar incrusting matter and color changes in no species studied by me heretofore. Hymenochaete nigricans (L6v.) Pat. On dead Altingia excelsa, altitude 4000 ft., West Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58683). Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.) v. Hohn. & Litsch. On living Theobroma excelsa, Buitenzorg, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). TREMELLACEAE Heterochaete tenuicula (L4v.) Pat. On dead Arikakadoea sp., altitude 5000 ft., West Java, C. HaHley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58684). 1924] BURT — WOOD -DESTROYING FUNGI OF JAVA 41 Protomerulius javensis Burt, n. sp. Plate 2, fig. 4. Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. Fructifications resupinate, effused in elongated patches, coriaceous, separable when moist, drying tawny olive of Ridgway, and showing under the microscope an imperfectly porose surface with thin irregular folds and dissepiments somewhat lacerate; pores angular, sinuose, shallow, about 60 ia deep, about 10 to a mm., sometimes elongated laterally and divided by cross parti- tions into smaller, equal, angular pits or pores; in structure about 400 {X thick, composed of densely interwoven, slightly colored, non-incrusted, thick-walled hyphae 2 [a in diameter; basidia pyriform, longitudinally cruciately septate, 12-18 X 6-7 [i; spores simple, hyaline, even, curved, 15 X 4 [x, but few found. Fructifications up to 5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, about 3^ mm. thick. On dead, rotten limbs of Castanea argentea, 5000 ft. altitude, West Java, C, Hartley, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59516). Other species of Protomerulius are P. brasiliensis A. Moller and P, Farlowii Burt — the first from Brazil and the second from New Hampshire. The occurrence of these 3 species at such great distances anart is remarkable. A mycelium causing a locally destructive root-rot of teak was also received, but I could detect no fructifications by which it might be identified. On roots of teak, Tectonia grandis, East Java, C. Hartley (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59521). [Vol. 11, 1924] 42 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 2 _ ■ Fig. 1. Polystidus nothopiLs from specimens collected by C, Hartley, X 2. Three fructifications showing upper surface, a; 6, another fructification showing under side and pores; c, a fructification divided longitudinally to show the interior and depth of the tubes. Fig. 2. Hydnum ohrutans. Portion of the type specimen showing the teeth f X 2, a; diagram of part of vertical longitudinal section, X 10, showing free portions of the teeth borne on stratified buried teeth, 6; three spores, 5, X 750. Fig. 3. Stereum ohscurans. Two pilei of type specimen showing upper surface, nattu-al size. Fig. 4. Protomerulius javensis. Part of type specimen showing hymenial folds and pits, X 2, a; vertical section of fructification showing hymenial folds or dissepi- ments, m / f / / u / / v 250 «0 00 I 150 100 P H Fig. 6. Armillaria meUea in peptone-nutrient solution. In the peptone solution (fig. 6) growth at 15° C. is noticeably- less than at either 25° C. or 35° C, while at these two tempera- tures the curves are much alike. On the other hand, the growth- zones for 15° C. and 35° C. are practically identical, being Ph 2.5-7.5 in the first case and 2.5-7.4 in the second, as compared to 2.0-7.8 at 25° C. The optimal Ph, 3.4 with a mat weighing 178 mgs. at 15°C.,3.8 with a mat weighing 301mgs. at 25°C.,and 3.9 with a mat weighing 293 mgs. at 35° C, are comparatively ^t * 4 62 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN close to the acid limit for growth. In all cases, after passing the optimum, the growth cm-ves gradually and irregularly decrease as the solutions become less acid and fall rapidly to after passing the neutral point. It is noticeable that both the ranges of growth and the amount of growth expressed in mgs. are greater in the peptone solution Fig. 7, Polyportis adustus in Richards' solution than at the corresponding temperatures in the Richards' solution. In both cases growth at 15° C. is less than that at either 25° C or 35° C. Of these 2 temperatures, although the differences are not pronounced, 25° C. is better as indicated both by increased growth and by wider Ph limits. Polyporus adustus (table vii) in the Richards' solution (fig- 7) grows best at 25° C. and least at 15° C. At 25° C. growth is inhibited at Ph 3.3 and 7.5, almost the same as at 35° C. where 1924] WOLPERT— FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION 63 growth is inhibited at 3.3 and 7.6. At 15° C. the inhibiting reactions are Ph 3.5 and 7.5. At none of the 3 temperatures is there an outstanding maximum, as there is little difference in the amount of growth within the range Ph 4.0-7.0 at 15° C. Fig. 8. adustus and in the range 4.2-6.0 at 25° C. and 35° C. The active acidity at 15° C. is not materially changed by growth from the initial Ph; at 25° C. it is slightly decreased through the range Pg 3.9- 6.0, and increased at 6.5 and 6.9; while at 35° C. it is decreased slightly at 3.9 and 4.2, and increased in the other solutions from 0.2 to 0.6 of a P„ unit. [Vol. 11 64 THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN The most striking fact in the peptone solution (fig. 8) is the marked superiority of growth at 15° C. over that at either of the other 2 temperatures. Although the range of growth in this case is the same as at 25° C, Ph 2.0-8.0, there is no close compari- son between the weights of the felts. At 15° C. the optimum range is Ph 3.4-7.0 with a maximum of 679 mgs. at Ph 6.0, while at 25° C. there is a marked optimum at Ph 3.5, with 342 mgs. of growth. The inferiority of 35° C. for growth of this fungus is evidenced both by a reduction in the weights of the mats and by a decrease of the range of growth to Pr 2.8-8.0. No marked optimum is produced, as growth varies slightly from 115 mgs. at Ph 4.8 to 125 mgs. at Ph 7.4, followed by a quick drop to at Ph 8.0. In this solution in most cases the mycelial growth de- creases the active acidity of the solution within the Ph range TABLE VII THE GROWTH OF POLYPORUS ADUSTUS AND THE CHANGES IN THE ACTIVE ACIDITY UPON BOTH THE RICHARDS' AND THE PEPTONE SOLU- TIONS AT DIFFERENT INITIAL Ph AND TEMPERATURES ■ 15" C > 25° C • 35° C. Ph Wt. of mat in Ph Wt. of mat in Ph Wt. of matin Initial Final 1 mgs. Initial 1 Final 3.3 mgs. Initial Final mgs. 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.0 3.9 46 3.9 4.3 trace 3.9 4.2 trace s 4.4 4.5 49 4.3 5.3 63 4.2 4.2 48 *ai 5.0 4.4 42 5.1 5.7 81 5.1 4.9 60 -H 5.7 5.8 62 5.5 5.8 80 5.5 5.4 67 c3 6.1 6.2 44 6.0 6.3 89 6.0 5.4 71 6.6 6.7 43 6.5 6.4 69 6.5 6.3 64 Ph 7.0 7.2 71 6.9 6.7 64 6.9 6.7 62 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.4 105 2.5 2.5 26 ^h 2.8 2.4 316 2.8 3.1 75 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.0 564 3.5 3.9 342 3.5 6.7 78 2 3.9 3.9 546 4.0 6.5 122 4.0 6.2 100 GQ 4.5 6.8 443 4.2 6.3 121 4.2 6.4 89 ^ 4.9 5.8 544 5.0 6.6 174 4.8 6.0 115 o 5.3 7.4 230 5.2 6.2 119 ^& ^ ^ a 5.5 6.8 390 5.5 6.6 109 5.5 5.6 111 fS 6.0 4.5 679 6.0 6.0 131 6.0 6.0 123 ^^ 6.4 4.9 658 6.5 6.0 145 6.5 5.3 129 £^_ 7.0 5.0 602 7.0 6.0 126 7.0 7.6 121 Tt 7.5 7.4 220 7.7 7.9 7.2 7.8 89 102 7.4 6.6 125 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0_ 1924] WOLPERT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION 65 2.5-5.5 and increases it within the range 6.5-7.9. The reaction Ph 6.0 remains close to the initial acidity. Some exceptions to this generality are found, for at 15° C. the acidity of the solutions in the Pg range 4.5-5.5 is decreased, while in the remainder of the series the active acidity is increased. Poly poms adustus at all temperatures produces more growth and grows at a wider range of Ph in the peptone solution than in Fig. 9. Pkoliota adiposa in Richards' solution. the Richards* solution. While this fungus shows much better growth in the peptone solution at 15° C. than at either of the other 2 temperatures, it grows less at this temperature in the Richards' solution than at either 25° C. or 35° C. Here, however, the variations in growth for the different temperatures are not marked as they are in the As there correlation between the optimal Ph for the two media, since they vary considerably with the temperature and with the solution, it is not possible to designate any definite range of Ph as the optimum for growth of this fungus. [Vol. 11 66 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN As evidenced by the wider growth limits over those obtained at 15° C. and 35° C, mycelial growth for Pholiota adiposa is best at 25° C. as shown in table viii and fig. 9. Here growth is Fig. 10. Pholiota adiposa in peptone-witrient solution. inhibited by Ph 2.8 and 7.0 as compared with 3.4 and 6.9 for both of the other 2 temperatures. Although the growth curves do not vary a great deal through this entire range they indicate that the greatest amount of growth occurred in the cultures incubated at 25° C. The optimum Ph for the 3 temperatures is 6.0. 1924} WOLPERT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 67 In the peptone solution (fig. 10) the Ph limits at 15° C. are 3.0 and 7.5, while at 25° C. and 35° C. they are 2.8 and 7.5. Here the differences in Ph are slight and point to no marked optimum temperature. On the other hand, growth is much more pro- nounced at 25° C. and 35° C. than at 15° C, and of these 2, 25 C. is the best. In this solution there is no outstanding Ph indicating an optimum hydrogen-ion concentration, for at 15 C. growth varies very little between Ph 3.5 and 6.5 and at 25° C. and 35° C. between 4.0 and 6.5. In solutions either more acid or more alkaline than the above values, Pholiota adiposa shows, by a sharp drop in growth, that it is not on a favorable medium with respect to hydrogen-ion concentration. o o TABLE VIII )WTH OF PHOLIOTA ADIPOSA AND THE CHANGES IN THE ACTIVE CIDITY UPON BOTH THE RICHARDS' AND PEPTONE SOLU- TIONS AT DIFFERENT INITIAL Ph AND TEMPERATURES 15° C P Initial 3.4 3.8 4.1 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.9 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.4 6.0 6.5 6.1 6.5 7.0 7.5 Final 3.4 3.6 4.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.4 6.9 Wt. of mat in mgs. 24 30 21 34 49 28 3.0 3.4 4.9 5.3 6.4 6.9 7.0 7.3 7.2 7.5 154 93 135 146 155 133 142 74 25° G. P Initial Final 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.1 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.4 7.0 ) 2.8 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.8 5.4 6.0 7.0 2.8 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 6.6 7.5 Wt. of matin mgs. 15 17 25 32 45 63 78 36 169 268 258 253 275 275 241 44 35" C P Initial Final Wt. of mat in mgs. ^ h 3.0 3.5 3.8 4.1 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.0 6.9 2.8 2.8 3.5 4.8 4.0 6.0 4.3 6.0 4.9 6.4 5.3 6.4 6.0 6.3 6.5 4.6 7.0 6.0 7.5 7.5 31 39 18 23 35 61 44 122 214 221 228 232 247 244 106 In the Richards' solution the growth of this fungus tends to increase slightly the active acidity (table viii). However, in no case does this increase amount to more than 1 whole Ph unit while in the majority of cases it is less than one-half of a unit. [Vol. 11 68 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN In the peptone solution there is a tendency to decrease the active acidity at both 15° C. and 35° C. and to increase it at 25° C. At this last temperature, for solutions within the initial Ph range 4.0-6.5, the final Ph varies from 4.0 to 4.6. Growth at Ph 3.5 tends to decrease the acidity to 4.2. On the other hand, at 35 C. the initial Ph range 4.0-6.0 changes to 6.0-6,3. There is a Fig. 1 1. Pleurotua ostreatus in Richards' solution. r increase in the acidity at Ph 6.5 to a final value of 4.6, and a decrease at Ph 3.5 to a final value of Ph 4.8. When one compares the similarity of the growth curves at 25° C. and 35° C. these results are rather unexpected. Throughout the Ph range 4.O-7.0 the decrease in the acidity at 15° C. is less marked than at 35° C. Upon comparing the growth curves for the 2 solutions, it be- comes evident that 25° C. is the optimum temperature of those 1924] WOLPEKt — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 69 employed, and that 35° C. is better on the whole than Pholiota adiposa also than in the Richards C. grows better in the peptone solution solution, producing 4-5 times as much mat in the first solution as is produced in the second. While the fungus grows best at Ph 6.0 in the Richards' medium it does not show any such optimum point in the peptone solution. Further- more, within the range of these experiments, this fungus does not markedly or invariably decrease or increase the active acidity of the substratum upon which it grows. The mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus (table ix) in the Richards' solution (fig. 11) is limited to a comparatively narrow of P At C. growth is inhibited at Ph 3.3 and 7.5, but it is evident, however, that the actual limits for growth are nearer to P„ 4.0 and 7.0, as at these values only a trace of growth H is obtamed. The optimum Ph range at this temperature is 4.4- TABLE IX THE GROWTH OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND THE CHANGES IN THE ACTIVE ACIDITY UPON BOTH THE RICHARDS' AND THE PEPTONE SOLUTIONS AT DIFFERENT INITIAL Ph AND TEMPERATURES 35° C **^ p 'b Wt. of mat in Initial Final mgs. 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.7 67 4.6 3.6 72 5.0 4.1 88 5.3 4.1 107 6.0 5.2 60 6.5 6.6 73 7.0 5.9 w 68 7.2 7.2 4.2 4.2 4.9 6.6 6.2 5.8 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.6 7.2 7.0 7.9 7.6 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.5 35 255 207 103 96 90 91 70 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 6.5 with maximum growth of 61 mgs. at Ph 5.5 . That 25° C. is more favorable for growth of this fungus than 15° C. is indicated both by the widened range of Ph and by the heavier mats. Here growth is not inhibited until Ph 3 . is reached on the acid side and imtil 7.2 is reached on the alkaline side, while best growth is Fig. 12. Pleurotus ostreatus in peptone-nutrient solution. obtained at Ph 5.5 with 80 m, tolerant to an acid medium at Growth of this C. than it is at C, but in an alkaline medium, on the other hand, the fungus grows better at the lower of the 2 temperatures. For the 3 temperatures, as indicated by the growth curves, the optimum Ph range is 5.0- 6.5. In the peptone solution (fig. 12), using the amount of growth as an indicator, it is difficult to pick out any optimum temperature, 1924] W WOLPERT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 71 but from the standpoint of range of Ph, 25° C. is a little better than 15° C. and considerably better than 35° C. Although at this medium temperature the growth curve fluctuates, making it difl&cult to determine the optimum range, the 2 high points He at Ph 5.2 and 5.9. At 35° C, however, there is a very sharp optimum of 255 mgs. at Ph 5.7, as compared with 237 mgs. at Ph 5.2, and 216 mgs. at Ph 5.9 for 25° C, and 217 mgs. at Ph -75 CO as J *4 • ^50 '-V Fig. 13. Polystictus versicolor in Richards' solution. 6.0 for 15° C. Although the fungus may be a httle more tolerant to acid at 25° C. than at 15° C, a comparison of the Ph limits and of the ootimum range show that there are no fundamental ilightly differences in the growth curves of these 2 temperatur While the active acidity in the Richards' solution is i increased in the majority of cases, in the peptone solution it is invariably decreased close to neutrality or to slight alkahnity. In the former solution, within the Ph range at which Pleurotus ostreatus grows, the final Ph at 25° C. varies from 3.3 to 6.2, while in the latter solution the final range at the same temperature 72 ANNALS or THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN rvot. 11 varies from 6.9 to 8.4. This well indicates the different reaction within the 2 types of media. The marked tolerance to slight alkalinity and the greater amoimt of growth in the peptone solution show that this medium is much the better of the two. In the Richards' solution there is no indication that this fungus will grow on an alkaline media, while the average weight of the mats is about one-foxirth of the average for those obtained in the peptone solution. Although 35° C. is the most favorable for growth of this fungus in the Richards' medium, there is no sharp difference between the 3 temperatures in the peptone medium. Here 35° C. is not as favorable as either 25° C. or 35° C, from the standpoint of Ph range, but it is a little better when considered from the amount of growth at the optimum Pg. With some individual variations, Pleurotus ostreatus shows, as indicated in both media, an optimum range between Ph 5.0 and 6.5. Because of the wider range of growth at 25° C, this temperature is the optimum for growth of Polystictus versicolcrr in the Richards' solution (see table x and fig. 13). The Ph limits at this tempera- ture are 2.5 and 7.6, as compared with 3.5 and 7.3 for 15° C, and 2.9 and 6.8 for 35° C. Maxunum growth at 25° C. is obtained at Ph 5.5 with a mat weighing 86 mgs. On either side of the optimum zone, Ph 4.2-6.0, growth drops off rapidly. At the lowest temperature the optimum growth-zone is Ph 3.8-6.5 and, while there is no outstanding optimum Ph, growth is better at 5.0 with a mat of 59 mgs. than at any other point within the optimum range. At 35° C. the fungus produces an opthnum at 5.5 with 88 mgs. and an optimum zone between Ph 4.2 and 6.6. This same fungus in the peptone solution (fig. 14) grows a little better at 15° C. than at 25° C. and much better than at 35° C. At the 2 lower temperatures the Ph limits are practically identical, being 2.5 and 7.4 for 15° C. and 2.5 and 7.5 for 25° C. At 35° C. there is a marked narrowing of the limits on the acid side, the range being Pg 3.0-7.5. At 25° C. and 15° C. marked optima are shown in the growth curves, the first being at Ph 3.5 with 505 mgs. and the second at Ph 4.0 with 507 mgs. The optimum is not so pronounced for 35° C, ranging from Ph 4.0 to 4.9 with 316 and 304 mgs. 1924] WOLPERT — FTJNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 73 TABLE X THE GROWTH OF POLYSTIOTUS VERSICOLOR AND THE CHANGES IN THE ACTIVE ACIDITY UPON BOTH THE RICHARDS' AND THE PEPTONE SOLUTIONS AT DIFFERENT INITIAL Ph AND TEMPERATURES 15' C » 25' C 1 1 P 35" C. K p i H Wt.of mat in P 1 H Wt.of mat in Wt.of b mat in Initial Final mgs. Initial Final mgs. Initial Final mgs. 2.5 2.6 r 2.9 2.9 20 1 2.9 2.9 • 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 30 3.6 3.3 trace CO 3.8 3.7 43 3.8 3.6 48 3.8 3.6 60 i 4.2 3.6 61 4.2 3.4 71 4.2 3.8 72 6.0 4.6 69 6.0 3.6 70 6.0 4.2 61 s 5.5 6.2 65 6.6 6.0 86 5.6 5.2 88 6.0 6.9 44 6.0 5.5 65 6.0 5.5 67 s 6.5 6.2 47 6.6 6.7 47 6.3 6.6 54 6.7 6.7 32 7.0 6.2 50 6.6 6.0 69 7.3 2.5 7.3 7.6 2.5 7.6 6.8 6.8 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 106 3.0 2.8 60 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.5 402 3.5 4.2 605 3.5 4.4 195 9 4.0 6.2 607 4.0 3.8 337 4.0 4.0 316 O CO 4.6 6.6 414 4.2 4.0 320 4.2 4.0 307 5.0 6.3 441 4.9 4.7 303 4.9 4.8 304 ^4 3 5.3 5.0 378 6.2 6.0 260 a 5.5 6.4 373 6.6 4.9 376 6.6 5.1 273 £ 6.0 4.5 410 6.0 5.0 396 6.0 6.0 243 6.5 4.7 374 6.5 4.8 244 6.5 5.0 205 7.0 6.2 208 7.0 6.7 137 6.8 5.2 119 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 This species tends to increase the active acidity of the solutions in which it grows. In every case in the Richards' solution the acidity is slightly increased, usually less than 1 Ph unit. In the peptone solution, with a few exceptions in the more acid range, this tendency persists, the amount of increase, as in the Richard's solution, being less than 1 unit. Comparing the 2 solutions, however, the increase is greater in the peptone solution. When comparing the growth m the 2 media it becomes evident that the peptone solution is much the better. With peptone as the source of nitrogen, Polystictus versicolor produces some 5 to 6 times as much mat as when an inorganic salt is the source of iiitrogen. The range of growth in the peptone solution is not inaterially widened on the alkaline side except at 35° C, but on the acid side it is markedly widened for 15° C. and 35° C. For 25° C. it remains the same in both solutions. It is evident that 74 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 500 450 -400 IS : K ^ \\ : \ M ; \ i »/ \ 1 ^ \ ' : » 1 9 ' ; 1 '.* \ « «a «« 1 * « I V Fig. 14. PolysHctuB versicolar in peptone-uutrient solution. 1924] WOLPERT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 75 the optimum temperature in the one solution is not necessarily the optimum in the other, for in the Richards' solution the fungus shows poorest growth at IS*' C, while in the peptone solution it shows best growth at this same temperature. The poorest results are given at 35** C. in the peptone solution and intermediate in the Richards' solution. The optimal Ph range in the Fig. 15. SchizophyUum commune inllichaids' solution. somewhat more acid than that in the Richards' solution, in the first case being close to the zone Ph 3.5-5.0 and in the second, to the zone 4.0-6.5. Except at the 2 lower temperatures in the peptone solution, there is no indication of a marked optimum Ph. Although the Ph range at 15° C. is somewhat narrower than at the other 2 temperatures, Schizophyllum commune (table xi) grows best at this temperature in the Richards' solution (fig. 1 5) . Here the Ph limits are 3.7 and 7.0, while at 25*=* C. and 35° C. 76 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN they are 3.4 and 6.9 and 3.4 and 7.0. Only at 15° C. is there any mdieation of a pronounced optimum Pg, this being 5.6 with 82 mgs. of growth. At the 2 higher temperatures the optimum growth-zone is Ph 4.9-6.5, while at 15° C. it is somewhat nar- rower, being 4.3-6.0. TABLE XI ROWTH OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE AND THE CHANGES IN THE 3TIVB ACIDITY UPON BOTH THE RICHARDS' AND THE PEPTONE SOLUTIONS AT DIFFERENT INITIAL. Ph AND TTCMPRRATTTRWa In the peptone solution (fig. 16) the fungus again shows opti- mum growth at 15° C. with a range from Ph 2.8 to 8.5. This is a narrower range on the acid side than that for either 25° C. or 35° C. but a wider range on the alkalme side than for 35° C. ; the intermediate temperature having a range from Ph 2.8-8.5 and the higher from 2.9 to 8.0. The optimum Ph zone at 15° C. is 4.6-6.0 with a maxunum of 884 mgs. at Ph 5.0, and at 25° C. it is 4.4-5.6 with a maximum of 742 mgs. at Ph 5.6. At 35° C. the growth curve fluctuates widely through a range of 200 mgs. between Ph 4.4 and 7.5, making it difficult to show either an 1924] WOLPERT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OP MEDIA 77 optimum zone or optimum Ph, but better growth is obtained at Ph 6.0 with 512 mgs. than at either of the other 2 high points, P„ 4.4 and 6.7. 800 / 4 4 • • • % t I ft ft f • I \ I ft % -J Fig. 16. commune in peptone [Vol. 11 78 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN The mycelial growth of Schizophyllum commune tends to increase the active acidity of the Richards' solution throughout the entire Ph range and at all temperatures. The degree of increase is not pronounced in any case, the highest being 1.6 Ph units and the lowest 0.1 unit, while the majority of changes are less than 1 imit. In the peptone solution, on the other hand, there is a tendency to decrease the acidity of all solutions with an initial acidity greater than Ph 6.0 and to increase it when the initial acidity is less than this figure. The initial reaction, Ph 6.0, at the 2 lower temperatures is slightly increased, while at the highest temperature it is slightly decreased. Within the initial range used in these experiments^ growth between Ph 4.0 and 8.0 tends to produce a final range from Ph 3.7-6.5. In the Richards' solution, on the other hand, this tendency to change the acidity to approximately Ph 6.0 is not evident, as the final Ph range is more acid than the initial. The most outstanding feature in comparing Schizophyllum commune in the 2 solutions is that in the peptone medium the fungus grows from 15 to 20 times better than in the Richards' solution. It shows optimimi growth in both cases at 15° C. and poorest at 35° C. The differences are not so marked, however, in the Richards' solution as in the peptone solution where the inferiority of 35° C. for growth is quite noticeable. The optimum Ph range for both solutions Ues between 4.0 and 6.0, with little or no evidence that the fungus tends to grow better at any one Ph than at any other within this zone. The results, from cultures at 25° C. in a 0.5 per cent peptone- nutrient solution at initial acidity of Ph 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 (table XII, figs. 17 and 18), indicate that in every case except for Pholiota adiposa the fimgi grow best when the initial Ph is 4.1. This one fungus grows better at Ph 5.0. Pleurotus ostreatus (fig. 17) and Daedalea confragosa (fig. 18) grow more actively than the other 6 species, reaching 139 mgs. at Ph 4.0 and 135 mgs. at Ph 5.0 in the first case, and 127 mgs. at Ph 4.0 and 118 mgs. at Ph 5.0 in the second. These same 2 fungi fail to grow at Ph 3.0, while all of the other species produce some felt at this acidity. These other 6 species are closely grouped with respect to the amount of growth, all being able to utilize peptone as a source of carbon. 1924] WOLPERT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 79 Armillarla moll«a» Phollota adlposA Fig, 17. Armillaria tneUea, Pholiota adiposa, Polyatidus versicolor, and DaedaUa confragosa in a peptone-nutrient solution without sugar and at 25 C. Polyporus adustus -Schizophytluin coijnune -Lenzltes sQplaria* Pleu rotus 1 ostreatu 4 5 Fig- 18. Polyporm adustus, Schizophyllum commune, Lemitet sepiaria, and Pleurotus ostreatiLR in « nAnf/^nA-nntrifint solution Without suear and at 25 C» 80 (Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN TABLE XII GROWTH AND CHANGES IN THE ACTIVE ACIDITY AT 25*^ C, AND AT DIF PERBNT INITIAL Ph IN A SOLUTION WITH PEPTONE AS THE ONLY SOURCE OF CARBON AND NITROGEN Fungi Schizophyllum Polyporus Lenzites Pleiirotus commune adustus sepiaria ostreatus ^pv Wt. of ^^ Wt. of ^^k Wt. of Wt. of Ph mat in Ph matin Ph mat in Pa mat in mgs. mgs. ^ mgs. mgs. 3.0 3.0 47 3.0 3.0 37 3.0 3.0 24 3.0 3.0 4.1 5.6 84 4.1 6.6 99 4.1 6.6 91 4.0 7.3 139 5.0 5.9 70 5.0 6.0 67 5.0 6.7 82 5.0 7.2 135 6.0 , 6.0 62 6.0 6.6 75 6.0 7.3 73 6.0 7.9 89 7.0 6.7 70 7.0 6.9 40 7.0 7.2 39 7.0 8.0 78 Pholiota Armillaria Polystictus Daedalea adiposa mellea versicolor confragosa 3.0 3.5 31 3.0 3.2 25 3.0 3.1 31 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.6 53 4.0 6.6 102 4.0 5.4 51 4.0 6.6 127 6.0 6.8 76 5.0 6.7 96 5.0 5.5 39 5.0 6.8 118 6.0 7.0 53 6.0 7.4 95 6.0 5.4 33 6.0 6.9 89 7.0 7.4 49 7.0 7.4 36 7.0 7.5 41 7.0 7.2 4 41 In every case the active acidity of the solutions with the initial Ph 3.0 is not materially altered by growth, while in the majority of cases in those solutions with an initial acidity of Ph 4 . 0, 5.0, and 6.0, the active acidity is reduced close to neutrality. Excep- tions to this are: Polystictus versicolor at Ph 6.0, Polyporus adustus at Ph 7.0, and Schizophyllum commune at Ph 6.0 and 7.0. In these cases the active acidity is slightly increased. The acidity is decreased less by Polystictus versicolor and more by Pleurotus ostreatus than by the other species, the final values ranging from 5.4 to 5.5 in the first case and from 7.2 to 8.0 in the second. The use of filter strips and cellulose suspensions in cultures made it necessary to form some standard for measuring the amounts of growth other than by the dry weights of the mats. This was accomplished by comparing the growth in the cultures with a definite scale ranging from to 5, where designates no growth; 1, traces of submerged growth; 2, submerged growth more than in 1 but less than 50 per cent of the surface covered ; 3, as in 2 but the surface more than 50 per cent and less than 100 per cent covered ; 4, as in 2 but the surface entirely covered by a thin film of myceUum ; and 5, surface covered by a thicker mat than in 1924] WOLPEKT — FUNGI AND H-ION CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA 81 4. This criterion is used throughout the series where celluloses are used in liquid cultures. The hydrolysis of the filter-paper is also measured according to a definite scale ranging from to 6, where represents no utili- zation as evidenced by the intact strips; 1, strips appear intact but are rather easily shredded upon being touched; 2, more than 75 per cent of the strips are intact, but 25 per cent are already partially decomposed and shredded; 3, more than 50 per cent and less than 75 per cent of the strips are intact ; 4, more than 25 per cent but less than 50 per cent of the strips are intact and less than 25 per cent completely shredded; 5, less than 25 per cent of the strips are intact, but more than 25 per cent and less than 50 per cent are completely decomposed; and 6, the strips are entirely decomposed into a fibrous condition. Table xiii shows that all the fungi are able to some extent to utilize filter-paper as a source of carbon. Some species, such as Armillaria mellea and Polystidus versicolor, throughout the entire Ph range from 3.0 to 7.0, show considerable hydrolysis of the paper, more than half of the strips being dissolved and partially utilized. Other forms, such as Dmdoka confragosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Polyporus adustus, show less utilization of the paper cellulose. Lenzites sepiaria, Schizophyllum commune, and Pholiota adiposa make minimum use of this soiu-ce of carbon. In only one case, Pholiota adiposa at Ph 5.0, is over 50 per cent of the cellulose dissolved, while with the other 2 species, Lenzites sepiaria and Schizophyllum commune, more than 75 per cent of the strips are left intact or are only slightly shredded after 30 days. Schizo- phyllum commune, Daedalea confragosa, and Pleurotus ostreatus do not grow at Ph 3.0, while all of the other species are capable of a small amount of growth at this acidity. Polyporus adustus, Daedalea confragosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, &nd^ Armillaria mdUa grow 7.0 as at anv other Ph, while the other are characterized by maximum mycelial growth and utihzation of the filter-paper at the intermediate reactions. Although there is some considerable variation in Ph, all species except Polystidus versicolor reduce the active acidity of the more acid solutions. Daedalea confragosa, Armillaria mellea, Schizo- phyllum commune, and Polyporus adustus slightly increase the 82 [Vot. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN TABLE XIII GROWTH AT 25» C. AND UTILIZATION OF FILTER-PAPER A3 THE SOURCE OF CARBON IN A WEAK PEPTONE SOLUTION WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL Ph Fungi Polystictus Polyponis versicolor adustus Schizophyllxim commune Lenzites sepiaria 1 Initial Ph H 1m >» o 3 4 6 4 2 Q,M 05 -^ Ph a 1 1 I 1 Mm 3 3 4 3 4 o U OS 1 1 3 3 4 1 J H 1 a 1^ * - 1 5 5 3 2 a Ph ;3 H a 1^ >•■ o 2 3 3 3 2 a o 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 3.2 4.6 4.5 4.7 6.2 3 5 5 4 3 5.0 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.6 3.4 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 2 2 1 m 1 3.6 6.2 6.2 6.7 7.8 1 1 2 2 2 1 - Daedalea confragosa Pleurotus ostreatus Pholiota adiposa Armillaria mellea 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 2.8 6.1 5.9 5.2 6.3 4 4 5 3 3 3 4 3 2,8 6.0 6.1 6.6 7.7 r 5 5 5 6 3 3 3 3 5.7 5.5 5.0 6.6 7.8 2 4 5 4 2 1 2 3 2 1 3.8 4.5 5.0 1 4.6 4.3 4 5 1 5 6 4 4 5 5 5 5 active acidity of the solutions with an initial Ph 6.0 and 7.0. Pholiota adiposa, Lenzites sepiaria, and Pleurotus ostreatus, on the other hand, tend to change the mitial Ph 6.0 toward neutrality and the initial Ph 7.0 to slight alkalinity. The direction and amount of change in the active acidity vary with the fungus under consideration and with the initial Ph of the solution. Polyporus adustus, Polystictus versicolor, Schizophyllum com- mune, Lenzites sepiaria, and Pleurotus ostreatus grow slowly in the Richards' solution where cellulose from different species of wood is used as the source of carbon (table xiv). Without an exception the bulk of the growth is beneath the surface of the solution in close contact with the cellulose, forming an inseparable mass. In no case is growth obtained at Ph 2.9, while in the major- ity of instances maximum growth occurs at Ph 5.0 and 6.0. Of the 5 species, Lenzites sepiaria makes the poorest growth through- out and fails to grow at all upon cellulose from poplar wood. Pleurotus ostreatus and Polyporus adustus, on the other hand, show most active growth. In both of these cases growth is less vigorous pine-wood cellulose than on the other celluloses 1024] WOLPERT AND H-ION CONCENTRATION 83 from maple, oak, and poplar woods. Polyporus adustus grows best on poplar-wood cellulose, and Pleurotus ostreaius on cellulose derived from either maple or poplar woods. Polystidus versi- color and Schizophyllum commune, while growing less vigorously than either of the other 2 species, do not show decreased growth when pine-wood cellulose is xised. In every case the acidity of the solutions is but slightly changed ; where the initial is Ph 4.0, the final is 3.5 to 4.1; where the initial is Ph 5.0, the final is 4.3 to 4.2; and where the initial is Ph 6.0, the final is 5.6 to 6.4. In only one case, Polystictus versicolor in maple-wood cellulose, is the final acidity increased where the initial is Ph 6.0, while in just one instance, Polyporus adustus in poplar-wood cellulose, is the final acidity decreased where the initial is Ph 5.0. There is no indication that any fungus tends to decrease or increase the active acidity with any degree of regular- ity. TABLE XIV GROWTH AT 25° C. AND AT DIFFERENT INITIAL Ph IN A MODIFIED RICHARDS' SOLUTION WITH CELLULOSE AS THE SOURCE OF CARBON Fungi Polyporus adustus Polystictus versicolor •■3 'a 2.9 4.0 5.0 6.0 2.9 4.0 6.0 6.0 2.9 4.0 5.0 6.0 2.9 4.0 5.0 6.0 H 2^ 3.9 4.5 5.7 2.9 3.9 5.2 6.3 2.8 3.5 4.9 6.0 ■ SM ^ 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 Schizo- phyllum commune R -a 2.8 4.1 4.5 6.0 2.8 3.6 4.6 5.6 2.9 4.0 4.6 6.2 s 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 H g3 a 2.9 3.9 4.5 6.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 6.1 2.9 3.9 4.6 6.2 II 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 Lenzites sepiaria H a 4.1 4.8 6.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 6.2 2.9 4.0 4.8 6.2 ^2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 Pleurotus ostreatus P^ 2T9 3.8 4.6 6.4 2.9 3.8 4.3 6.2 2.9 3.8 4.8 6.2 3:3 1 2 3 2 4 4 1 3 3 4.0 5.1 6.2 2 4 3 4.0 4.5 1 3 4.0 4.8 6.0 4 6.0 1 4 84 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN When this Richards' solution with the same celluloses as the sources of carbon is solidified with 2 per cent agar and inoculated, the diametric growth of these same 5 species of fungi is slow. It is characterized by a very thin superficial layer of mycelium and by clearing of the agar, denoting utilization of cellulose. The growth in diameter, both of the fungi and of the clear zones, was measured every other day for 18 days, when all growth had stopped, due to the drying of the agar. As the intervening measurements simply show successively increasing growth with- out any striking departures from the normal, the final figures, as obtained at the end of 18 days, are the only ones presented in table XV. .-^ TABLE XV DIAMETRIC GROWTH OF THE FUNGI AND OF THE CLEAR ZONES IN A MODI- FIED RICHARDS* SOLUTION SOLIDIFIED WITH 2 PER CENT AGAR AND WITH CELLULOSE AS THE SOURCE OF CARBON. MEASUREMENTS GIVEN IN MILLIMETERS Fungi Polystictus versicolor 13 fc.S-^ a a Q Pleurotue ostreatiis a s o "3^ s 2.8 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 2.8 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 2.8 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 2.8 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 70 80 26 65 78 70 62 48 41 32 35 35 38 s sa o o Q 61 70 62 70 61 65 32 68 60 65 70 73 29 75 83 70 a c3 ID a o ft 25 74 65 65 22 35 Schizo- phyllum commune a ft a'^ * 78 65 72 40 50 58 68 80 62 55 46 47 42 48 70 40 55 36 69 41 36 0^ s ft u § 2 o fc!3 o 60 70 56 60 30 40 45 * m Polyporus adustus o €3^*3 a; a ft fl3 ^ 75 90 80 80 52 75 74 65 58 75 76 77 21 85 70 a 03 u 0) o O 60 65 40 30 30 60 55 30 70 60 75 60 35 Lenzites aepiaria o a js sule membranaceous, not gibbous nor oblique at the base. a. Corolla tubxilar-funnelform to nearly campanulate; style glandu- lar-pubescent along the upper half § 5. Eunanus ^. Corolla salverform, lobes rotate; style pubescent along its entire length § 6. Mimidastrum b. Capsule cartOaginous, gibbous or oblique at the base, a. Corolla-tube much exserted, lobes erect or spreading § 7. CEwoe /5. Corolla-tube included, lobes rotately spreading § 8. Pseudoenoe B. Shrubs or suffrutescent plants. a. Mature calyx twisted over the capsule, teeth equal § 9. Tropanihus b. Mature calyx not twisted, teeth unequal § 10. Diplacus Subgenus I. Synplacus Grant Subgenus I. Synplacus Grant, new subgenus. Perennial or annual herbs, slimy-viscid, glandular-pubescent or glabrous; pedicels mostly longer than the calyx; corolla bilabiate or with equal or subequal lobes; stamens included or exserted, glabrous or pubescent; style glabrous or occasionally puberulent or glandular ; stigma bilamellate, usually with equal lips ; capsule membranaceous, shorter than the persistent calyx, mostly dehiscent to the base along both sutures; placentae completely imited in a central column or separating at the apex, rarely divided to the middle. Sect. 1^. Section 1. Eumimulus Gray § 1. Eumimulus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 97. 1876, as to M. ringens and M. alatus; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ : 276. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 446. 1886, as to M, ringens and M. alatus only; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 107. 1885; Wettst. in Engl- & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4''': 72. 1891, as to M. ringens and ilf . alatus; DaUa Torre & Harms, Gen. Siph. 457. 1900-1907. 2924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 127 A Herbaceous plants; stems quadrangular, mostly glabrous; leaves dark green, not viscid nor slimy, 1-nerved or pinnately veined; inflorescence racemose; calyx prismatic, sharply angled, ■ little or not at all inflated when mature, teeth equal; corolla personate, blue, varying to white in some specimens ; anthers aUd style glabrous, stigma-lips equal; capsule membranaceous, about as long as the calyx, dehiscent to the base along both sutiures, the placentae separating at the apex. Sp. 1-5. Key to the Species A. Leaves pinnately veined, a. Leaves mostly sessile; pedicels more than one-half as long as the leaves 1. M. ringens b. Leaves petioled; pedicels mostly less than one-half as long as the leaves .2. M. aMm B. Leaves not pinnately veined. a. Leaves 1-nerved. a. Stamens included S. M. gracilis p. Stamens exserted i 5. M. linearis b. Leaves 3-nerved 4. M. madagascariensis M. ringens L. Sp. PI. 634. 1753; Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 172. 1788;Curtis,Bot. Mag. I. 8:«?.^55. 1794; Willd. Sp 3: 360. 1800: Michx. Fl. Bor. Am Sy PI. 2: 163. 1807; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 426. 1814; NuttaU, Gen. 2: 51. 1818; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 5: pi UO. 1820; Elliot, Bot. S. Carolma & Ga. 2 : 124. 1824; Torrey, Comp. Fl. North. & Middle States, 242. 1826; Nat. Hist. N. Y. 2: 36. 1843; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 100. 1840; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; I'C. Prodr. 10: 369. 1846; Gray, Manual, 299. 1848; Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 98. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ : 276. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 446. 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 107. 1885; Coulter, Contr. XJ. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 309. 1892; Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Manual, ed. 7, 723. 1908; Britton & Brown, lU. Fl. 3 : 157, fig, S265. 1898, and ed. 2, 3 : 190, fig. 3775. 1913 ; Britton, Manual, 827. 1901, and ed. 2, 1905; Small, Fl. South- eastern U. S. 1062. 1903, and ed. 2, 1062. 1913; Pennell in Torreyal9: 148. 1919. ■W". paMws Salis. Prodr. 99. 1796. M, acuiangulus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2:1. 1909. ^- ringens var. conqesta Farwell, Kept. Mich. Acad. Sci. 19: 249. 1917. t 128 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GAEDEN [V«L. H M. ringens f. Peckii House in Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 1921 : 17. 1923. Perennial by stoloniferous rootstocks, produced late in the season, the whole plant glabrous; stem 4-13 dm. high, simple or branched, 4-angled, the angles sometimes slightly winged; leaves thin, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-10 cm. long, .5-3 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, serrate, rarely entire, tapering to a broad, often auriculate-clasping sessile base, or rarely some of the leaves with a short, broad-margined petiole, occasionally with smaller leaves fascicled in the axils; pedicels stout, 2-3.5 cm. long, mostly shorter than the subtending leaves; calyx tubular, becoming broadly oblong in fruit, 1.4-1.7 cm. long, strongly angled, teeth slender, subulate or aristate, about one-fourth as long as the tube, sinuses broad, ciUate; corolla 2.5-3.5 cm. long, blue, rarely pink or white, tube exserted, slightly funnelfonn, throat nearly closed, upper lip erect, strongly reflexed, lower lip longer and spreading, the margins often erose; upper pair of stamens slightly exserted; style exserted, stigma bilamellate, with broad, rounded, equal lips; capsule included, broadly oblong; seeds oblong, papillate. Distribution: common in wet places from Canada to Florida, west to North Dakota, and south to Texas. Specimens examined: Ontario: Ashdod, 24 July, 1893, Fowler (M); Farm Point, Ga- tineau River, Quebec, 20 Aug., 1911, Macoun 80935 (Cornell); wet places, Lincoln Co., 29 July, 1897, McCalla A57 (Cornell). Maine: river intervale, Orono, Penobscot Co., 29 July, 1895, Femald 364 (M) . New Hampshire: Hanover, 15 July, 1910, Barss (Ore.); Laconia, 1892, Carter (ComeU). Vermont: Bamet, Caledonia Co., 28 July, 1884, Blanchard (M). Massachusetts: between South Sudbury and Framingham, 2 Aug., 1903, Greenman 2112 (M) ; brookside, Granville, 20 Sept 1913, Seymour 25 (M); meadows, Scituate, 19 Aug., 1870. MoTong 66 (M); border of stream, Adams, 24 Aug., 1901, Day 9 (R. Mt.). Connecticut: Middletown, Sept., 1835, Buckley (M). New York: Keene Valley, Essex Co., 1 Aug., \%n,SchTenJc (M); 9 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 129 Ove in uUginosis, Gouverneur, 22 July, 1873, Redfield 6121 (M); Fleishmann's, Delaware Co., 30 July, 1892, Schrenk (M); frequent in swamps and along springs, Chemung Co., 20 July, 1893, Lucy 154 (R- Mt.); Van Rensselaer Swamp, Rensselaer Co., 27 July, 1903, Cipperly (Cornell); marsh, Ithaca, 17 June, 1878, Trelease (M); Renwick Flats, Ithaca, 12 July, 1916, Munz 328 (Pomona); Keep Woods, east of Lockport, 17 July, 1895, Tovmsend (Cornell); River Flats, Truxton 5 July, 1894, Wiegand (Cornell); Syracuse, July, 1889, racker (Cornell). New Jersey: moist shaded place, Greenwood Lake, Passaic Co., 11 Aug., 1907, Mackenzie 2837 (M); Peakack, July, 1886, Perry (M). Pennsylvania: West Manchester, 10 Aug., 1898, Eisenhower (M); swamps, Lower Merion, 19 Aug., 1874, Redjkld 6128 (M); Susquehanna, July, 1889, A. F. Eby (M); Pequea, July, 1889, J. H. Ehy (M) ; DiUerville, 1888, J. H. Eby (M) ; Meadville, Aug., 1893, C. D. Curtis 68 (Pomona). Maryland: Mill Creek, 25 July, 1902, Shull 103 (M). District of Columbia: moist places, 3 Aug., 1892, Blanchard (M); low and swampy clay, 26 or 27 July, 1893, Boettcher 245 (M andR. Mt.). West Virgmia: near Bucklin, 5 Aug., 1895, Pollock (M). North Carolina: moist soil, Biltmore, 3 Aug. (flower), 30 Sept., 1897 (fruit), Biltmore Herb. 638b (M); side of Tryon Mts., 20July, 1899, Towmsend (Cornell). . South Carolina: Whitmer Park, Anderson, 4 Aug., 1917, Dams (Stanford) . Georgia: Georgia, 1833, Beyrich (M). , ^ a Alabama: Auburn, Lee Co., 8 Aug., 1897, EarU & Baker (M and R. Mt.). Ohio: rich moist sandy soil, Berlin Heights, Erie Co., 31 July, 1914, MacDaniels 137 (Cornell) ; Rocky River near Cleveland, 1892, Greenman 1528 (M) ; Drushel Farm, Hohnes Co., 25 July, 1913, Drushel 888 (M and Drushel) ; in wet places near Canton, without date, Riehl 41 (M); morasses, Canton, Aug., 1835, rtiehl (M); ditch. Bowling Gre^n, 19 Aug., 1919, Mosetey (M). Tennessee: CairoU Co., 5 Aug., 1897, EggeH (M); swamps, Knox 130 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN {Vol. U Co., 18 June, 1898, Ruth 569 (M); damp soil. Fountain City 22 July, 1904, Ruth 106 (M); wet places, KnoxviUe, Sept. 1895, Ruth (Pomona). Kentucky: near Poor Fork Post Office, Harlan Co., Aug., 1893, Kearney 225 (M) . Illinois: Chicago, 20 Aug., 1893, Glatfelter 328 (M); River Forest, Cook Co., 15 July, 1896, Chase (M) ; Cahokia, 30 July, 1878, Eggert (M and R. Mt.); wet places, St. Clair Co., 26 July, 1877, Eggert (M); Chicago, 13 Aug., 1892, Moffatt 1652 (R. Mt.); swampy ground, Peoria, July, 1900, McDonald (R. Mt.). Indiana: low borders of swale, Blackford Co., 16 July, 1905, Beam 58 (M) ; in marsh near Culver, near Lake Maxinkuckee, 25 July, 1900, Scovell & Clark 1193 (Stanford). Iowa: Ames, without date, Hitchcock (M); Ames, 1892, Carver (M) ; wet places, Decatur Co., 17 Sept., 1904, Anderson (M and R. Mt.); Des Moines, 18 Sept., 1895, Carver (M); wet prairies, Armstrong, Emmet Co., 1884, Cratty (Stanford); wet soil, ^ Allamakee Co., 28 June, 1895, Fitzpatnck & Fitzpatrick (R. Mt.). Michigan: in ditch, Ingleside, Cheboygan Co., 28 July, 1917, Gates & Gates 10660 (M); Mich. Agr. Coll., 14 July, 1888, Lake (Ore.) ; wet places, St. Joseph, 14 July, 1903, Mell (R. Mt.). Wisconsm: Madison, 22 July, 1889, TreUase (M). North Dakota: Lisbon, 4 July, 1898, Fieldstad (R. Mt.). feouth Dakota: creeks, Brookmgs, 10 July, 1893, Th(ymher (M); Brookings, 1892, Williams (R. Mt.). Missouri: Venice, 16 Aug., 1885, WisUzenus 265 (M); East Carondelet, 17 July, 1890, Hitchcock (M); margin of lakes in American bottoms, Aug., 1841, Engelmann (M); Jeflferson Barracks, 11 Sept., 1886, Pammel (M) ; low wet places, common along all the Uttle streams, Jackson Co., 14 July, 1889, Bush mr (M); frequent in low grounds, Harlem, 23 July, 1899, Mackenzie (M); West Hannibal, 17 July, 1913, Davis 129 (M); Webb City, 25 Sept., 1908, E. J. Palmer 1481 (M); wet places, Montier, 23 Oct., 1908, Bush 5320 (M); low ground, Courtney, 4 Oct., 1917, Bush 8246 (M). Oklahoma : Cleveland Co., 7 Aug., 1900, White 80 (M. and R. Mt.). Kansas: moist places, Riley Cb., Aug., 1897, Prnid 1082 (M); Manhattan, 31 Aug., 1892, N(yrton (M). 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 131 Nebraska: Lincoln, Aug., 1888, Webber (M); Red Bird Creek 26 July, 1893, Clements 2786 (Coraell). Minnesota: Minnetonka, Oct., 1886, Davidson (Pomona); Nicol- let, July, 1892, Ballard (R. Mt.); Portage, 18 July, 1891 Woods (R. Mt.). M. ringens is one of the common species in the genus and car be distinguished by its blue personate corolla, its long pedicelS; and its usually sessile leaves. la. Var. minthodes (Greene) Grant, comb. nov. M. minthodes Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Grit. 2: 1. 1909. Leaves elliptical, acute at each end and often short-petioled. Distribution: southeastern United States. . Specimens examined: Georgia: wet meadow, Lafayette, 925 ft. alt., 2 Aug., 1900, Harper 34^ (N. Y.). Maryland: Front Pike, College Park, 3 Oct., 1900, Pond (M). The variety merges into the species through such specimens as Seymour 25 from Massachusetts, Shull 103 from Maryland, and Blanchard's specimen from Washington, D. C. In this last specmien some of the leaves are short-petioled or sessile by a ^rrow base and the others are broad and auriculate-clasping. Boettcher245 from Washington, D. C, has both clasping and short-petioled leaves on the same plant and the upper part of the stem is winged. Overacker's specimens from Syracuse, N. Y., and Lake's specimens from the Michigan Agricultural College snow winged stems also. As is usual with blue-flowered plants, occasional plants are found with white or pale pink corollas. Examples of these are to be found in the following specimens collected in New York: Ithaca, 20 July, 1878, Dudley (Cornell); damp soU along Glenwood Road, Ithaca, 19 Aug., 1913, ^. L. Palmer 1089 (Cornell); West Marsh, Ithaca, 19 Aug., 1913, ^- 1>' Palmer 1084 (ComeU). 2. M. alatus Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 361. 1789; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: ^^1. 1800; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 426. 1814; Bart. Fl. N. ^' 3: pi 9^, 1823; Sprengl. Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 2: 799. 1825; ^alp. Rep. 3: 275. 1844-45: Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi 410. 1820; 132 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10: 369. 1846; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 98. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 276. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 107. 1885; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 309. 1892; Britton & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 158. jig. 3266. 1898, and ed. 2, 3: 190. jig. 3776. 1913; Britton, Manual, 827. 1901; Small, Fl. South- eastern U. S. 1063. 1903; Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Manual, ed. 7, 723. 1908; Pennell in Torreya 19: 148. 1919. M. alatus f . albijlcyrus House in Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 1921 : 17. 1923. Stems stoloniferous, glabrous, 2-7 dm. high, simple or branched, 4r-angled, the angles more or less winged ; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, 5-15 cm. long, 2-6 cm. high, serrate, tapering to a narrow margined petiole, 1-1.5 cm. long; pedicels stout, mostly shorter than the calyx; calyx oblong, 1.4-1.7 cm. long, angles sharp, teeth 1.5 mm. long, broad, mucronate; corolla blue or violet, sometimes tinged with pink, rarely white, 2-2.5 cm. long, tube shghtly exserted, throat nearly closed, lobes of the upper lip erect, strongly refiexed, the lower lip longer and spreading; stamens and style included; capsule ovate, obtuse; seeds oval, papillate. Distribution: conmion in the Atlantic states from Massa- chusetts to South Carolina, west to the Mississippi River and south to Texas . Specimens examined: Massachusetts: Cambridge, 26 July, 1875, Bailey (Stanford). Pennsylvania: Northampton Co., 1878, Raw 47 (M); Conewago Mts., July, 1898, Eisenhower (M) ; Smithville, Lancaster Co., 3 Sept., 1892, Heller & Halhach 633 (Cornell and M); Pitts- burgh, 1831, Volz (M); low woods along Trout Run, Wawa, Delaware Co., 29 July, 1904, Painter 816 (M) ; DiUerville, Aug., 1889, A.F.Eby (M) ; Safe Harbor, July, 1889, A. F. Eby (M). New Jersey: Bloomfield, July, 1877, Rusby (Cornell). District of Columbia: low ground, 31 July, 1896, Steele (M); along shaded streams, Anacostia, 24 July, 1904, Painter 760 (M). Virgmia: along Hunting Creek near Alexandria,' 12 Aug., 1902, Shull 206 (M); Fahfax Co., Aug., 1865, A. H. Curtis (CorneU). 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 133 South Carolina: Batesburg, 20 Aug., 1913, McGregor 223 (Stan- ford) . West Virginia: near Bucklin, 8 Aug., 1894, Pollock (M, R. Mt., and Cornell) Tennessee: low wet grounds, Knoxville, 18 June, 1898, Ruth 568 (M); wet places, Knoxville, Sept., 1895, Ruth (R. Mt.). Kentucky: Bowling Green, 20 Sept., 1894, Price (M); South Hills, 3 miles south of Louisville, 19 Aug., 1892, Bergman (Cornell); low muddy river banks, Wickliffe, Ballard Co., 25 Sept., 1919, E. J. Palmer 16582 (M). Ohio: Berea, 3 Aug., 1895, Ashcroft (Pomona) ; B erea, July, 1896, Ashcroft (M); Perkisis, Erie Co., 11 Aug., 1894, Moseley (M); dry creek bed, Beechwood Camp, 7 Aug., 1910, Overholts (M); Bm-net Woods, Cincinnati, June, 1875, James (Stanford). Indiana: in low woods, Wells Co., 3 Aug., 1905, Deam 133 (M): damp ravine in woods in Robinson Park, Allen Co., 19 Aug., 1906, Deam 1577 (Deam); in low woods near Chestnut Ridge, Jackson Co., 11 Aug., 1911, Deam 9507 (Deam). Illinois: wet places, Prairie du Pont, 3 Aug., 1875, Eggert (M); Cahokia, 30 July, 1878, Eggert (M and R. Mt.); Millstadt Junction, 9 Sept., 1891, Douglas (M) ; Cahokia, 13 Aug., 1890, Hitchcock (M); Springfield, 31 July, 1892, Dewart 26 (M); St. Frangois River, Dunklin Co., 20 Aug., 1897, TreUase 5U (M); Gascondy, 21 July, 1914, Emig 235 (M); Tunnell Hill, Johnson Co., 4 Oct., 1919, E, J. Palmer 16685 (M). Missouri: Jackson Co., 3 Aug., 1893, Bush (M); Neeleyville, 8 Aug., 1894, Eggert (M); Jerome, 30 Aug., 1913, Kellogg 133 (M); Forest Park, St. Louis, 30 Aug., 1878, Eggert (M); near Suspension Bridge, Forest Park, St. Louis, 6 Sept., 1889, Trelease (M) ; along branches of creeks, Greenwood, 28 Oct., 1915, Bush 2911 (M); Wayne City, 28 Sept., 1895, Mackenzie ^95 (M); Raytown, 7 Aug., 1895, Mackenzie 292 (M); Kansas City, 24 July, 1895, Mackenzie 289 (M); Poplar Bluff, 7 Aug., 1892, Dewart 7 (M); low groimd, Oakwood, 6 Aug., 1914, I^avis 3342 (M); wet places, Noel, 13 Oct., 1908, Bush 5283 (M); Noel, McDonald Co., 1 Sept., 1913, E. J. Palmer 40U (M); Webb City, Jasper Co., 20 Aug., 1906, E. J. Palmer 951 (M) ; common in low ground, Lakeside Park, Jasper Co., 27 134 ANNALS OP THE [Vol. U Sept., 1908, E. J. Palmer 1550 (M); Carthage, 25 Aug., 1907, E. J. Palmer 1075 (M); Bismark, Iron Mt., 17 Aug., 1897, Trelease 515 (M); Terre Blene Creek, St. Genevieve Co., 14 Oct., 1897, Trelease 507 (M); Bridgeton, 22 July, 1859, Fritchey (M); Swan, 1 Oct., 1899, Bmh 722 (M); wet ground. Galena, Stone Co., 14 Oct., 1913, E. J. Palmer 4663 (M); Warsaw, Benton Co., 26 Aug., 1897, Trelease 516 (M); Big River, Jefferson Co., 23 July, 1885, WisUzenus 266 (M). Arkansas: Fulton, 18 Sept., 1900, Bush 921 (M); Little Buffalo, Hanly, Shary Co., Aug., 1913, Emig 69 (M); Bradley's Ferry, 27 July, 1913, Emig 19 (M); Springtown, Benton Co., 1 Aug., 1913, Emig 176 (M) ; Little Rock, July, 1886, Hasse (Stanford). Kansas: wet soil, Doniphan Co., 31 July, 1897, Whitford 1081 (M); St. George, 27 Sept., 1892, Carleton (M); Ward, 1890, Darnell 49 (Ore.). Oklahoma: on wet creek bank near Pawhuska, Osage Co., 9 Aug., 1913, Stevens 2003}4 (M and Stanford); Tishomingo, Johnston Co., 10 Sept., 1914, E. J. Palmer 6488 (M). Indian Territory: Sapulpa, 22 July, 1894, Bush 405 (M). Texas: sandy swamps, San Augustine, 8 Sept., 1916, E. J. Palmer 1 0648 (M) . Mississippi: Oktibbeka Co., 11-17 Aug., 1896, Pollard 1323 (M and CorneU) ; wet places, Panola Co., 17 Sept., 1896, Eggeri (M); Taylorville, 21 Aug., 1903, Tracy 8711 (M). Louisiana: Monroe, 15 Oct., 1915, E. J, Palmer 8942 (M). Alabama: Tensaw, 18 Aug., 1904, Tracy 8011 (Cornell and M). . This species and M. ringens are the common blue-flowered ^ Mimuli of the eastern states. The floral structure of both of them is remarkably constant when compared with the western species. M. alatus differs from M. ringens mostly in the length of the pedicels and in having petioled leaves. 3. M. graciUs R. Br. Prodr. 439. 1810, and 123. 1821; Benth. Scroph. lud. 29. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10: 369, 594. 1846; Benth. & Mueller, Fl. Austr. 4: 482. 1869; MueUer, Frag. 6: 103. 1867-68; Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 259. 1884; Moore, Fl. New South Wales, 337. 1893*. M. strictus Benth. in Wall. Cat. no. 3918. 1828; Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; G. Don, Hist. Dichlam. PL 3: 553. 1838. 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 135 M. striatus Walp. Rep. 3: 275. 1844-45, sphalm (for stridus). M. pusillus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 369. 1846. M. angustifolius Hochst. ex A. Rich, Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 119. 1851; Walp. Ann. 3: 192. 1852-53; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3: 236. 1893. A slender glabrous perennial, rhizome creeping; stem erect, 1.5-3 dm. high, simple or branched from near the base, quad- rangular, the angles winged; leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, .8-5 cm. long, 1-10 mm. broad, 1-nerved, sessile, clasping at the broad base or subauriculate, entire or occasionally denti- culate; flowers in a loose raceme, pedicels elongated, 3 or more times the length of the corolla ; calyx tubular, much distended by the mature capsule, 6-7 nam. long, ribs more or less pmplish, teeth equal or nearly so, short, deltoid-lanceolate, sinuses broad, scarious, sometimes cleft; corolla 1.2-1.5 cm. long, blue or violet- purple, occasionally white or pink, tube and throat broad, ex- serted, lobes broad, nearly truncate, minutely ciliate, upper Up erect and much shorter than the spreading lower lip, throat nearly closed by the prominent hairy palate; stamens glabrous, included, filaments thickened along the lower part; style glabrous, included, with a persistent tubercular enlargement at the base, stigma-lobes equal, broadly rounded, laciniate; capsule included, oblong; seeds oblong, reticulate. Distribution: in wet places in Australia, India, and South Africa. Specimens examined: India: Chota Nagpur, Feb., 1903, Prain 71 (Pomona); Lodh, Kumaon, 5000 ft. alt., without date, Strachey & Winterhottom (G); Changhes, Kashmir, 1 July, 1876, Clarle 496 (U. S.); Punjab, 1000 ft. alt., without date, Thomson (G); in rice fields, Manneri, Hunalaya Mts., 5000 ft. alt., 4 June, 1920, Dudgeon & Kenoyer I4I (M). Abyssmia: Bahara, Province Sana, 5 Aug., 1841, Hochstetter 1629 (M). South Africa: Maputa, 1 Oct., 1909, Howard 22 (U. S.); south coast of Africa, 9 Oct., without year, Ecklon (M); by the Kachu (Yellowwood) River, without date, Drege (M); N. Tondweni, . Zululand, 12 May, 1903, Wood 9193 (U. S.); near [Vol. 11 136 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN Weenen, Natal, 4500 ft. alt., Dec, 1890, Wood 1506 (G); Ladysmith, Natal, 18 March, 1894, Kuntze (U. S.). Australia : New South Wales: Gerilderie, Oct., 1920 Dwyer (Wellesley); Mudgee, without date, Woolls (G). Victoria: Lower Loddon, without date, Mueller (G); Lower Loddon, without date, Walter (M); Swan Hill District, Oct., 1 888, French (G) . 4. M. madagascariensis Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 369. 1846. A tall glabrous perennial; stems erect; leaves few, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm. long, 8-12 mm. wide, sessile, irregularly dentate, 3-nerved from the broad, clasping base; pedicels stout, longer than the leaves ; calyx narrowly cylindrical, 6-7 mm. long, distended by the mature capsule, teeth equal, short, lanceolate- acute; corolla blue, 12-14 mm. long, tube exserted, throat densely bearded on the lower side, partly closed by the prominent palate, upper lip shorter than the lower, margins densely ciliate ; stamens and style included ; capsule broadly oblong, obtuse ; seeds oblong. Distribution: found only on the Island of Madagascar. Specimens examined: Madagascar: Madagascar, without date, Shufeldt 116 (U. S.); Madagascar, without date, Lyall (M, photograph of the type). This species has the general aspect of M. gracilis, differing mainly in having broad, 3-nerved, dentate leaves. 5. M. linearis (R. Br.) Wettst. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. 4^": 72. 1891. Uvedalia linearis R. Br. Prodr. 440. 1810, and 124. 1821; G. Don, Hist. Dichlam. PI. 4 : 555. 1838. M. Uvedaliae Benth. m DC. Prodr. 10: 369. 1846; Mueller, Frag. 6: 103. 1867-68; Benth. & Mueller, Fl. Austr. 4: 482. 1869; Banks & Solander, Botany Cook's Exp. 2: 66, pi ^^'^• 1901; Bailey, Fl. Queensland 4: 1102. 1901. A small glabrous plant, apparently annual; stem weak, slender, simple or branched, leaves few, linear-lanceolate, 4-12 mm. long, acute, 1 -nerved, entire, sessile, intemodes elongated; pedicels slender, axillary, 3 or more times the length of the corolla, flower- V 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 167 ing from near the base ; calyx narrowly tubular, arcuate, 4-5 mm. long, teeth very small, triangular-acute, nearly equal, ciliate; corolla 8-10 mm. long, blue or violet, tube white, slightly ex- serted, throat blue with 2 yeUow oblong patches, these white- margined and dotted with red below the lower lip, palate promi- nent, upper lip longer than the lower one; style and stamens much exserted, stigma-lobes equal; capsule mcluded, oblong, acute, the valves splitting readily. Distribution: wet places in northern Australia and in Queens- land. Specimens examined: Australia : North Australia at Pt. Darwin, without date, Forsythe (Calif. Acad.). 5a. Var. lutea Benth. in Benth. & Mueller, Fl. Austr. 4 : 482. 1869. M. dehilis Mueller in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. 3: 62. 1859; Frag. 6: 103. 1867-68. Corolla yellow withm, paler outside, throat spotted with red; filaments ciliate. Distribution: northern Australia. Section 2. Erythranthe Greene §2. Erythranthe Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 108. 1885. Eumimulus Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ : 276. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 446. 1886, as to M. cardinalis. Perennial from running rootstocks or from stolons, glandular, viscid-pubescent or vise id- villous ; stems mostly terete, stout, and erect; leaves sessile, 3-5-nerved from the base; lowers few, usually terminal; calyx prismatic, strongly angled, not inflated at maturity, teeth equal or unequal; corolla red, bilabiate, stamens exserted, anthers bearded, filaments inflated at the point of insertion ; stigma-lips equal, bilamellate ; capsule mem- branaceous, about haH as long as the calyx, dehiscent to the base along both sutures, placentae slightly separated at the apex. Sp. 6-9. V IVOL. 11 138 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Key to the Species A. Calyx-teeth equal; style exserted, a. Corolla-tube little longer than the calyx 6. M. cardimlit b. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx. a. Pedicels shorter than the leaves; stems mostly prostrate. .7. M. rupestria p. Pedicels longer than the leaves ; stems erect 8. M. verbenaceus B. Calyx-teeth unequal; style included , 9. M. Nelsonii 6. M. cardinalis Dougl. in Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 370. 1846; D. Don in Brit. Flower Gard. 4: pi 858. 1836; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 98. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 566. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2* : 276. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 108. 1885; Manual Bay Region, 276. 1894; Conzatti & Smith, Fl. Sin. Mex. 117. 1897; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 405. 1901, and ed. 2, 378. 1911; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 519. 1901; Eastwood, FL South Fork King's Kiver, Sierra Club Publ. 27: 64. 1902; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 365. 1904, and ed. 2, 336. 1917; Hall, Yosemite Fl. 222. 1912. Erythranthe cardinalis Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phaner. 9 : 313. 1840. Diplacus cardinalis Gronland in Rev. Hort. IV. 6 : 137. 1857. M. cardinalis var. rigens Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Grit. 2: 2. 1909. M. cardinalis var. griseus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Grit. 2: 2. 1909. M. cardinalis var. exsul Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2 : 2. 1909. A freely branching perennial, villous throughout and more or less viscid; stems 2.5-3 dm. long, from a running rootstock, hollow, erect and more or less rigid to weak and somewhat pro- cumbent, or occasionally climbing over low shrubs ; leaves obovate or oblong, 2-1 1 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, sessile by a broad base, auriculate, yellowish-green, frequently almost hoary, 3-5-nerved from the base, thin, margins regularly or irregularly serrate, teeth salient and often with a smaller tooth between the in- dentations; pedicels stout, longer than the leaves; calyx tubular or oblong-prismatic, 1.8-2.5 cm. long, often finely dotted with red, the ribs more or less tinged with red, teeth 4-5 mm. long, 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 139 equal, broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, ciliate; corolla strongly bilabiate, 4-5 cm. long, varying in color from brilliant scarlet to pale reddish-yellow, rarely yellow, broadly cylindrical, tube mostly slightly exserted, orange, striped with red, lobes emar- ginate, the upper lip erect with the lobes turned back, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, the lateral ones strongly reflexed, ciliate at the sinuses ; stamens much exserted and partly enclosed by the upper lip, filaments glabrous, anthers yellow, densely villous with soft, white, flat hairs ; style longer than the stamens, stigma lips oblong, ciliate; capsule included, oblong, acuminate; seeds oblong, reticulate. Distribution: conamon in shaded places along streams from Utah and Arizona, west to Oregon and Lower California, Specimens examined : . Arizona: Chaperon Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., 7300 ft. alt., 1 July, 1907, Blumer 1551 (M and Stanford); near Soldier's Camp, Santa Catalina Mts., 13 July, 1916, Harris C16295 (U. S.); Mt. Graham, 9250 ft. alt., Aug., 1874, Rothrock Jfil (G); southeastern Arizona, 1894, Frice (Stanford); Mt. Lemmon, Santa Catalina Mts., 2 Aug., 1916, Earns C16U0 (M); Santa Catalina Mts., Pima Co., 8000-10000 ft. alt., June, 1891, Rhoads (Phil.); Fort Grant, Pinaleno Mts., Graham Co., 16 July, 1917, Munz 1207 (Cornell and Pomona). Nevada: Eagle Valley, Ormsby Co., 19 July, 1902, C. F. Baker 1SS6 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona). Oregon: Rogue River, Jackson Co., 7 July, 1892, Hammond 310 (M); Deer Creek VaUey, Josephine Co., 4-16 July, 1919, J>ale (Stanford); Brookings, Curry Co., May, 1915, Thompson ^09 (Stanford); Snow Camp, Curry Co., 4000-4250 ft. alt., July, 1916, J.H. Thompson 26 (Stanford) ; Grant's Pass, 24 May, 1884, Howell 382 (Phil, and Ore.); Grant's Pass, 31 Aug., 1889, Munson cfe Hopkins (U. S.). California: Big River, Mendocmo Co., July, 1903, McMurphy ^95 (Stanford); Mendocino, Aug., 1898, H. E. Brown 865 (M, PhU., CorneU, and R. Mt.); Fort Bragg, 1914, Mathews 177 (CaUf .) ; Shasta Co., 1896, Stone (M) ; Dutch Flat, Placer Co., July, 1900, Cole (R. Mt.) ; marshy soH in oak grove, PhilUps Kanch, Colusa Co., 9 July, 1916, Stinchjield m (Stanford); 140 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN IVOL, 11 1 f Colby, Butte Co., Aug., 1896, Bruce 859 (M); De Sabla, Butte Co., 6 June, 1917, Edwards (Stanford); Agricultural Station, Anaador Co., July, 1891, Hansen 134 (M and Stanford); wet ditch, Plymouth, Amador Co., 26 June, 1903, Gross 23 (Stanford); Big Tree Grove, 1873, Lemmon (Phil.); San An- tonio Creek, below the Falls, Calaveras Co., 24 Aug., 1906, Dudley (Stanford); Washington Flat, Calaveras Co., 5 Aug., 1890, Jepson 26m (Calif.); Spring Gulch, vicinity of Rawhide, Tuolumne Co., 31 July, 1915, Stinchfield 14 (Stanford); near Yosemite, 9 Aug., 1891, Coville & Funston 1855 (Cornell); Mariposa, 27 Sept., 1903, Congdon (M); Stockton Creek, Mariposa Co., 10 Aug., 1892, Congdon (Stanford); trail to Yosemite Point, Yosemite Valley, 2 June, 1894, Bumham (Cornell); trail from Huntington Lake to Cascada, Fresno Co., 6 July, 1918, A. L. Grant 1397 (M); South Fork Kaweah River, Tulare Co., 22 July, 1904, Culbertson, distributed as C. F. Baker 4291 (M and Pomona); Colony Spring, Tulare Co., Aug., 1900, Dudley 3340 (Stanford) ; Simpson Meadow, Middle Fork King's River, July, 1913, Eliot (Calif .); King's Canyon Road, west of Carson, 31 Aug., 1901, Stdnmetz (Stanford); near Bartlett Springs, Lake Co., Aug., 1916> A. S. Stinchfield (Stanford); Rockville, Solano Co., 1 Aug., 1880, Earle (M); mts. near Napa, 13 Aug., 1874, Parry 353 (M); Weldon Canon, Solano Co., 13 Sept., 1891, Jepson (Calif.) ; Adobe Canon, Sonoma Co., June, 1893, Michener & Bioletti (Pomona); Sebastapol, Sonoma Co., 12 July, 1907, Dows (Stanford); SausaHto, 12 Aug., 1872, Redfield 6103 (M); San Pablo, July, 1896, King (Pomona); banks of creeks, San Francisco, 1865, Bolander (M); Redwood Canyon, near Oakland, 11 Sept., 1915, Ahrams 5485 (Stanford); Oakland Hills, 1865, Bolander 96 (M); Lake San Andreas, San Mateo Co., July, 1903, Elmer 4941 (M, Stanford, and Pomona); Wright's, Santa Clara Co., July, 1885, RaUan (Stanford); Los Gatos Creek, 18 June, 1891, McCarmick & Hammond (Ore.); Swanton, Santa Cruz Co., 6 June, 1912, Rich (Stanford); Carmel Bay, Sept., 1902, Elmer 4056 (Stanford); Tassajara Hot Springs, June, 1901, Elmer 3359 (M and Stanford); wet ground, by road below Bisses Station, Kern Co., 27 June, 1895, 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 141 Dudley 430 (Stanford); north of San Luis Obispo, June, 1881, Rattan (Stanford); Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, 29 July, 1923, A. L. Grant 1701 and 1702 (Calif.); Santa Barbara, 1874, Mmks 6 (Phil.) ; Ojai Valley, Ventura Co., 1 July, 1915, Thacker 56 (Calif.); Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, 3 Sept., 1903, J. Grinnell 8 (Stanford) ; Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, Aug., 1896, Trash (M); Santa Catalina Island, 21-26 April, 1904, Grant & Wheeler 6143 (M and R. Mt.); canons. Sierra Santa Monica, April, 1889, Hasse (M); Sturtevaut's Camp, Mt. Wilson, 25 July, 1901, G. B. Grant 4454 (Stanford); Rock Creek, desert slopes of the San Gabriel Mts., 3800 ft. alt., 2-4 July, 1908, Abrams & McGregor 630 (Stanford); Russell's Lake, Los Angeles Co., 18 July, 1913, Abrams 5017 (Stanford); Pocoima Canyon, 28 July, 1918, Hitchcock H (Pomona); Live Oak Canon, Claremont, 16 July, 1915, Craw- fwd (M and Pomona); San Antonio Canon, San Antonio Mts., 8000 ft. alt., 28 July, 1917, /. M. Johnston 1524 (M and Stanford); San Antonio Canon, near Claremont, 2 Aug., 1903, C. F. Baker 3457 (M and Pomona); in dense masses about springs. Icehouse Canon, San Antonio Mts., 6500 ft. alt., 16 June, 1918, Pansh 11980 (M); Little Santa Anita Canyon, Los Angeles Co., 1 July, 1902, Ahrams 2616 (M and Stanford); Sandy Creek bank, Verdugo Canon, Los Angeles Co., 25 June, 1915, Machride & Payson 750 (R. Mt.); Buckhom Canon, San Gabriel Mts., 30 Aug., 1917, F. Grinnell, Jr. (Stanford); Fall Creek, San Bernardino Mts., 7 Sept., 1915, Gardner 531 (M and Pomona); stream banks, San Bernardino Co., July, 1890, Pansh (M) ; vicinity of San Bernardino, 1000-1500 ft. alt., 10 July, 1896, Parish 4189 (M); river banks, Victorville, 25 June, 1915, Pansh 10544 (Stanford); borders of streamy, San Bernardino Mts., 1882, Parish & Parish 119 (Stanford); Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mts., 5200 ft. alt., July, 1901, Jlall 2382 (M and Stanford); Jamul VaUey, San Diego Co., 2 July, 1894, Schoenfeldt 3835 (Stanford) ; Jamul VaUey, 1500 ft. alt., June, 1895, Stokes (Stanford); Alpine, San Diego Co., 6 Aug., 1894, Mearns 3948 (Stanford); Alpine, San Diego Co., 14 Aug., 1894, Mearns 4030 (Stanford); mountains of San Diego Co., 25 July, 1882, H. C Orcutt 132 (M); San Diego, 1AO [Vol. 11 14^ ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 1874, Cleveland (M); Fort Tejon, 1857-58, de Vesey 65 (Phil); California, Douglas (G). Mexico : Lower California: San Pedro Martir, Aug., 1903, Robertson 26 (Calif.); Tecate River, near Monument 245, 23 June, 1894, Schoenfeldt 3762 (Stanford); Socorro, 27 AprH, 1886, Orcutt (M) ; Cedros Island, July-Oct., 1896, Anthony 39 (Phil., M, and Stanford) ; Santa Tomas, northern Lower California, 1 7 July, 1885, Orcutt (Calif). The corollas of the specimens of ^. L. Grant 1702 are deep canary-yellow with three red stripes down the throat below the lower lip. The specimens of Orcutt from Santa Tomas are also labeled "yellow flowers." 7. M. rupestris Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2: 3. 1909. Stems mostly prostrate and frequently rooting at the nodes, the whole plant viscid-villous ; leaves numerous, oblong or ellip- tical, 2-5 cm. long, .8-2.2 cm. wide, broadly sessile, 3-nerved from the base, saliently and coarsely toothed along the upper haK; pedicels slender, somewhat quadrangular, shorter than the leaves; calyx cylindrical, 1.8-2 cm. long, teeth equal, triangular- acute, 4^5 mm. long, ciliate; corolla 4-5 cm. long, scarlet, more or less tinged with yellow, the tube slender, funnelform, more than twice as long as the calyx, throat ampliate, upper lip erect and longer than the spreading lower one; anthers hispid, horseshoe- shaped; style about as long as the corolla, stigma-lips long- oblong; capsule oblong; seeds oblong, apiculate at each end, favose-pitted. Distribution : known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: Mexico : Morelos: wet cliffs. Sierra de Tepoxtlan, 7500 ft. alt., 6 May, 1900, PnngU 8348 (U. S., type, Phil., and Pomona). 8. M. verbenaceus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2:2. 1909 Af. lugens Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2: 3. 1909. Upright stems from a creeping rootstock, simple or branched; more or less quadrangular, villous or pubescent with some gland- 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 143 ular hairs; leaves elliptical, obovate, rhombic-ovate or occasion- ally spatulate, 5-7.5 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, saliently and coarsely toothed above the middle, the serrations sometimes con- tinuing to the broad, frequently subcordate sessile base, 3-5- nerved from the base, the upper surface occasionally marked with a broad, irregular, somewhat triangular reddish-brown band; pedicels slender, quadrangular, 7-10 cm. long, generally exceeding the subtending leaves; calyx prismatic, 2-2.8 cm. long, more or less white-villous at the base and often tinged or shaded with red, teeth equal, broadly deltoid-subulate, 5-6 mm. long; corolla 3.5-5.5 cm. long, rarely obscurely bilabiate, crimson, often tmged with yellow, the tube mu6h exserted, broadly funnelform, throat ampliate, lobes nearly equal, frequently emarginate and more or less truncate, the upper lip erect, the lower lip somewhat spreading ; stamens much exserted, style about as long as the corol- la, stigma-lips oblong, rounded; capsule oblong; seeds oblong, longitudinally wrinkled. Distribution : north-central and southern Arizona to northern ^^ ■ h Mexico. Specimens examined : Arizona: Shinamo Creek, Grand Canyon, 21-26 Oct., 1906, Pilshy (Phil.) ; Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon, without date, Shockley (Stanford); Clear Creek, central Arizona, 14 Aug., 1891, McDougal (U. S.) ; crevices in perpendicular walls of the canyon where water drips out, Clear Creek, Camp Verede, 9 Aug., 1891, Tourney (U. S., type) ; Hermit Cave, Grand Canyon, 8 May, 1922, Wiegand & Upton (Cornell); along swift streams, Ramsey Canon, Huachuca Mts., 10 June, 1909, Goodding 135 (G and R. Mt.); edge of creeks and under overhanging rocks, Ramsey Canon, Huachuca Mts., 20 Aug., 1910, Goodding 739 (G and R. Mt.) ; Huachuca Mts., 29 Jun&- 5 July, 1903, Gnffiths 4815 (U.S. and M); Huachuca Mts., 5 June, 1897, Breninger (G); Fort Huachuca, 1890, Patzky (U. S.) ; shady river banks, Rio Verde, 10 Oct., 1865, Coues & Palmer 596 (M); Fort Huachuca, 26 April-21 May, 1890, Edw. Palmer Ul (G); near Fort Huachuca, 1894, Wilcox 119 (U. S.). Mexico : [Vol. U 144 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Chihuahua: Guayanopa Canyon, Sierra Madre Mts., 3600 ft. alt., 24 Sept., 1903, Jones (Pomona). Sinaloa: Sierra de los Alamos, 25 March-8 April, 1890, Edw. Palmer 328 (U.S.); high up in the Sierra de Alamos, 1 9 March, 1910, Rose, Standley & Russell 13074 (U. S.) ; sandy soil along the river, near Fuerte, Sinaloa, 27 March, 1 9 1 0, i?ose, Standley & Russell 13381 (U. S.). 9. M. Nelsonu Grant^ Stems more or less quadrangular, viscid-villous, erect and branched or somewhat procumbent; leaves elliptical or ovate- lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, .7-2 cm. wide, saliently toothed, sessile by a broad subcordate base, sparingly pubescent, 3-veined from the base; pedicels quadrangular, longer than the leaves; calyx broadly cylindrical, 3.4-3.7 cm. long, pubescent, teeth unequal, triangular-acute, about one-third as long as the tube, the throat oblique; corolla 5-6.5 cm. long, crimson, more or less shaded with yellow, the tube cylindrical, much exserted, throat ampliate, sparingly pubescent within, lobes of the upper lip longer, erect, almost truncate, those of the lower lip shorter and spreading, slightly emarginate; stamens exserted, attached near the base of the tube, filaments thin, broad, anthers horseshoe-shaped, villous; style included, shorter than the calyx, glabrous, stigma-lips truncate, slightly erose; capsule unknown. Distribution: known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: Mexico : Durango: Sierra Madre, 30 miles north of Guanaceri, 8000- ft. alt., 18 Aug., 1898, Nelscm 4775 (U. S. Nat. Herb., type) M. Nelsonu is unique in this section on account of its imequal calyx-teeth and its short style. * Mimulus Nelsonii Grant, sp, nov., caulis ramique viscoso-villosi ; foliis elliptic^ ovatis lanceolatisve, dentatis, sessilibus, 3-8 cm. longis; calyce late cylindrato, 3.4- 3.7 cm. longo, pubescente, dentibus inaequalibus, ore obliquo; corolla 5-6.5 cm. longa, cocciBea, tubo multo exserto, lobis inaequalibus; staminibus exsertis, anthena villosis; stylo calyce breviore.— Collected at Sierra Madre. 30 miles north of Guana- cert igo, 8000-9000 ft. alt., 18 Aug., 1898, E. W. Nelson 332825, type). 1924 J GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 145 Section 3. Simiolus Greene § 3. Simiolus Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 109. 1885, in part. Annuals or perennials, glabrous or pubescent; leaves variable; calyx becoming inflated at maturity and loosely investing the membranaceous capsule, teeth unequal, the lower usually curved upwards over the lateral teeth, partly or nearly closing the orifice ; corolla distinctly bilabiate with two prominent hahy ridges below the lower hp, these sometimes almost closing the throat ; stamens mcluded, glabrous; style glabrous or puberulent, included; cap- sule dehiscent to the base along both sutures, placentae completely united. Sp. 10-25. Key to the Species A. Corolla-throat open; flowers axillary, in a loose few-flowered raceme or solitary; stems low, mostly creeping or procumbent. a. Calyx-teeth 5. a. Corolla more than 2.5 cm. long. 1. Leaves in a basal rosette i^- M. acavMs II. Leaves mostly cauline. 1. Leaves broadly ovate or rounded, 5-7-nerved; corolla yellow, sometimes with red or pinkish-purple spots iO. M. Itdeus 2. Leaves subrhombic-ovate or elliptical, mostly 3-5-nerved; corolla copper-colored when mature H- Af • cupreus 0. Corolla less than 2.5 cm. long. I. Leaves mostly suborbicular, more or less covered with short stiff, white hairs ; coroUa laciniately lobed or erose ..Sl.M. dentUobus II. Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicidar, glabrous or nearly so; corolla-lobes mostly entire. 1. Stems glabrous or nearly so. • Leaves radical ; flowers subsessile ^S. M. depressu$ ** Leaves mostly cauline; pedicels longer or shorter than the leaves ^^- ^- O^^'^'^ 2. Stems not glabrous. • Stems erect, glandular-villous i^. M. Whtpplet ** Stems prostrate, densely pubescent. t Leaves sessile or short-petioled. . t Whole plant pubescent U- M. jnlosius^u» XX Upper part of stems pubescent... Ma. M. glabratus var. parvijhrua ft Leaves long-petioled 82. M cnmtu, t>. Calyx-teeth 3 ^' ^' ^^^^ B- Corolla-throat partly or nearly closed by the prominent palate; flowers commonly numerous in a definite raceme, sometimes few-flowered. •• Upper calyx-tooth rarely more than twice the length of the others, the lower teeth m maturity usually folding over and partly closing the orifice. 4 [Vol. U 146 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN a- Upper leaves glaucous or pubescent, conspicuously connate-per- foliate ig, M, glaiu:escem fi. Upper leaves not glaucous nor pubescent, seldom connate. I. Leaves dentate or denticidate, occasionally lyrate. 1. Leaves broadly ovate, oblong, elliptical, or rounded. * Flowers mostly in definite racemes; pedicels usually shorter than the corollas; rootstocks rarely fleshy or yellow. J^. M. gvitatus ** Stems mostly 1-3, rarely 5-flowered, coming from a mass of fleshy, yellowish rootstocks; pedicels usually longer than the corollas , IS. M. Tilingi 2. Leaves narrowly ' spatulate or oblanceolate, the upper mostly linear , le, M. nudaius II. Leaves pinnately lobed, cut, or parted 18, M. hciniatus b. Upper calyx-tooth almost three times the length of the others, the lower teeth in maturity folding over and nearly closing the orifice 17. Af. nasiUus 10. M. luteus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 884. 1763; WiUd. Sp. PL 3: 361. 1800; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 12 : under pi 1030. 1826; Hook. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 8: under vl- 3336, 1834: Benth. Scroph Ind. 28. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10: 370. 1846, in part; Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 40. 1841; Clos in C. Gay, Hist. Chile 5: 140. 1849; Planchon in Fl. des Serres 9: 1. 1853-54; Reiche, Fl. Chile 6^ : 60. 1911. M. luteus subvar. macrophyllus Clos in C. Gay, Hist. Chile 5: 140. 1849; Reiche, Fl. Chile 6M 60. 1911. M. aurantiacus Renjifo, Anal. Univ. Santiago 65: 301. 1884, not Curtis. M, luteus var. aurantiacus (Renjifo) Reiche; FL Chile 6^: 60. 1911. A creeping glabrous perennial, freely rooting from the nodes; stem terete, 1-3 dm. long, decumbent or prostrate ; leaves numer- ous, broadly ovate, acute, 2.5-3 cm. long, nearly as broad, regularly serrate, 5-7-nerved from the base, the lower short- petioled, upper sessile, clasping; flowers few, pedicels 3 or more times as long as the calyx, much longer than the subtending leaves; calyx campanulate, 1.5-2 cm. long, teeth triangular-acute, the upper longer; corolla 3-4 cm. long, tube slender, exserted, lobes spreading, middle lobe of the lower lip longer than the others, throat red-maculate; stamens and style glabrous. Distribution: common along streams and in moist places m Chile. 1024] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 147 Specimens examined: . Chile: Chile, without date, Styles (Phil.). The plants of this species are commonly called "placa" in Chile and the more succulent, tender-leaved ones are eaten either as a salad or cooked in soup. M. luteus was first collected by Father Feuillee along a river bank in Conception, Chile, about 1714. He described and pictured it as ^^Gratiola foliis subrotundus, nervosis, florihus lu- I tm,s" and, so far as known, no specimens were made nor seeds sent to Europe. Linnaeus referred to Feuillee's description and plate when he transferred the yellow-flowered plant to the genus Mimulus and nothing more was known of it for some time. Langsdorff, early in the next century, sent some seed from Unalaska; plants from these were named M. guttatus by Fischer in 1812. De Candolle took up this name in 1813, fully describ- ing the species and noting some of its differences from M. luteus. Other botanists, however, did not agree with this view and believed that the plants from North America and those pic- tured by Feuillee were conspecific. Several years later, seeds were sent from South America by various collectors so that it was possible to distinguish the M. luteus of Feuillee from the yellow- flowered North American Mimulus that had been confused with it. M. luteus resembles M. guttatus rather closely, but can be separ- ated from it, in general, by its creeping habit, its fewer flowers with pedicels 3 or more times longer than the calyx, its mostly glabrous condition, and its more open corolla with a relatively narrow tube. The throat in M. guttatus is nearly closed by the two haby ridges running down the lower side, whereas the throat in M. luteus is wide open. This species, like its North American relative, is polymorphic and several varieties and species have been described, dependent on the color and the number and size of the spots, if present, on the lobes of the corolla. More material for study as to differences or mtergradations might modify one's concept of the group as a whole, but, after examining the specimens available, it seems best to keep the following as varieties. [Vol. 11 148 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 10a. Var. rivularis Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 12: pi 1030. 1826; Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 16: pi. 1575, 1829; Hook, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 8: under pi. 3336. 1834. M. guttatus Reichenb. Icon. PI. Cult. 3: pi. 204. 1827-30, not DC. Stems decumbent or ascending; leaves coarsely toothed, more or less tinged and spotted with red ; caljrx tinged with red ; corolla yellow, lobes unequal, almost truncate, a large reddish spot on the middle lobe of the lower lip and numerous small spots down the throat. Distribution : along streams and in wet places in Chile. Specimens examined: Chile: Maipo* River, Santiago, about 6000 ft. alt., Jan., 1892, Kuntze (U. S.) ; in a swamp near Schni edeberg, Silesia, without date, -BwcA; (M). 10b. Var. variegatus (Lodd.) Hook, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 8: pi. 3336. 1834 ; Lindl. m Bot. Reg. 21 : pi 1 796. 1836 ; C. Gay, Hist. ChHe 5: 140. 1849; Reiche, Fl. Chile 6^: 60. 1911. M. variegatus Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 19: pi 1872. 1832; Paxt. Mag. Bot. 1: pi 79. 1834; Planchon in Fl. des Serres 9: 2. 1853-54. ' M. ocellatus Bert, ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 150. 1841. Steins erect, leaves thin, ovate to oblong, these and the calyx usually tinged with red; corolla pale yellow, the lobes more or less deeply banded with pinkish-purple at the margins, throat spotted with numerous small red dots. Distribution : known only from Chile and from cultivated speci- mens. Specimens examined: Chile: Quillota, 1829, Bertero (M); Chile, without date, Bert^o 1148 {G); in swamps near Aculeo and in Mt. Leona Rancagua, without date, Bertero 437 (G and M); Chile, without date, Dr. Styles (Phil.). w 10c. Var. Yoimgana Hook, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. S:pl S363. 1834; C. Gay, Hist. ChUe 5: 140. 1849; Reiche, Fl. Chile 6«: 60. 1911, 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 149 M. Smithii Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 20 : pi 167 Jt. 1835, not Paxton. Stems ascending or decumbent; calyx oval, more or less spotted with red; corolla deep yellow, throat dotted with red and each lobe with a large broad reddish spot near the margin. Distribution : known only from Chile and from specimens cul- tivated in European gardens. lOd. Var. nummularis C. Gay, Hist. Chile 5: 140. 1849; Reiche, Fl. Chile d'-, 60. 1911. M, nummularis C. Gay, Hist. Chile Atl. 1 : pi. 57. 1854. Stems glabrous, 1-2 dm. long, fistulous, decumbent or ascend- ing, rooting freely from the nodes; leaves ovate or elliptical, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute, coarsely serrate, sessile and clasping or tapering to a short broad petiole, 3-5-nerved; flowers few in a terminal raceme, rarely solitary, pedicels longer or shorter than the subtending leaves, stout, somewhat quad- rangular; calyx campanulate, 1.5-2 cm. long, more 'or less spotted or tinged with red, teeth broadly triangular-acute, the upper larger; corolla 3.5-4.5 cm. I'ong, yellow, tube slender, throat wide open, lobes unequal, upper lip erect, middle lobes of the spreading lower lip with a single large spherical reddish spot near the center and numerous small dots down the throat; capsule stipitate; seeds longitudinally striate. Distribution: along streams and in swampy places in Chile. Specimens examined: Chile: swampy places and brooks near Rio Colorado, in the vicinity of Santiago, 15 Feb., 1902, Hastings 523 (Cornell and U. S. no. 530408). lOe. Var. alpinus Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 12: under pi 1030. 1826; Hook, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 8: under pi 3336. 1834. A coarse, short-stemmed, puberulent perennial; stems 9-15 cm. %h, erect; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, •8-1.5 cm. broad, coarsely and irregularly toothed, 5-nerved, generally short-petioled with a broad base, upper leaves sometimes sessile; flowers few, mostly solitary, terminal, pedicels 2 or more times as long as the subtending leaves, usually quadrangular; calyx frequently spotted with red, teeth broadly ovate, the upper 150 ANNALS OF THE MISSOIJRI BOTANICAL GARDEN rvoL. u one much longer; corolla yellow, throat broadly oblong, lobes little spreading, the lower with a large round reddish spot near its center. Distribution: known only from specimens collected in the mountains of Argentine Republic. The type was collected by Gillies near Mendoza. Specimens examined : Argentine Republic: near La Guardia, Catamarca, 1829, Gillies (G) ; Cieneja de la Cesveyas, Jan., 1829, Gillies (G) ; La Allada, 4 June, 1916, Jorgensen 1268 (G and M). Further collections might show that this plant is entitled to specific rank. 11. M. cupreus Dombrain in Fl. Mag. 2: pZ. 70. 1862; Kegel m Gartenfl. 13: 3, pi Ji22, fig. 1. 1864 (amplified description); Reiche, Fl. Chile 6^: 61. 1911. M. luteus var. cuprea Hook, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. III. 20 : pi 6478. 1864. A glabrous or puberulent annual, branching freely from the base, more or less dwarfed and somewhat compact ; stems terete, 1-2 dm. high; leaves subrhombic-ovate or elliptical, 1.5-3 cm. long, .8-2 cm. wide, sessile or subsessile, 3-5-nerved from the base, irregularly and coarsely serrate; flowers numerous, pedicels mostly shorter than the subtending leaves or sometimes much longer; calyx campanulate, more or less spotted with red, teeth triangular-acute, the upper one longer, broader, obtuse; corolla 2.5-3.5 cm. long, tube yellow, throat expanded, spotted with red below the lower lip, lobes spreading, golden-yellow, becoming a brilliant copper color at maturity ; capsule constricted at the base but not stipitate; seeds longitudinally striate. Distribution: known only from southern Chile. Specimens examined: Chile: Santiago, U. S. Expl. Exp., 1838 (G); Province Colchagua, 1862, Bndges (or ? Cuming) (U. S. no. 259695) ; Chile, without locality or date, Gay (G). M. cupreus was one of the popular garden plants of the middle 18th century. Seeds of it were collected by a Mr. Pearce in the mountains near Chilian, in southern Chile, and were sent by hun 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 151 to Europe. The original description and illustration were made from cultivated olants. 12. M. acauUs Phil, in Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 112. 1895. M. depressus var. acaulis (Phil.) Reiche, PI. Chile 6^: 62. 1911. Plants small; leaves in a basal rosette, rhomboid, 1.5-1.6 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, short-petioled, upper leaves incise-dentate ; pedicelfe short, l-flowered; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla 2.8-3 cm. long, lobes nearly equal; stamens and style short. Distribution: in the Andes in lUapel, Province of Coquimbo, Chile. Locally called "La Polcura." The shape of the leaves and the short-pedicelled flowers in- dicate that this species is distinct from M, luteus. 13. M. Tilingi Regel in Gartenfl. 18: 321, pi 6SL 1869; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 110. 1885. M. Pilingi Regel in Gartenfl. 18: pi 631. 1869, sphalm (for Tilingi) . M. luteus var. alpinus Gray in Proc. Acad. Phila. 71. 1863, in part, not Lindl. ; Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 98. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 567. 1876, in part; Syn. PL N. Am. T : 277. 1878, in part, ed. 2, and Suppl. 448. 1886, in part; Watson in Bot. King's Exp. 224. 1871. M. Roezli, acc'd. to Gray, Syn. PI. N, Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 448. 1886. M. implexus Greene in Jour. Bot. 33 : 8. 1 895 ; Piper & Beattie, H. Northwest Coast, 325. 1915. M. min(yr A. Nels. in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 178. 1904. M. implicatus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 1 : 189. ^ 1905. M. Langsdarfii var. minor (A. Nels.) Cockerell in Daniel, Fl. Boulder, Colorado, 213. 1911. M. Langsdorfii var. alpinus (Gray) Piper in Mazama 2: 99. 1901 ; Blankinship in Mont. Agr. Coll. Studies 1 : 98. 1905. Low creeping perennials ; stems from a mass of yellowish root- stocks, usually freely branched, 5-20 cm. long, more or less weak, commonly stoloniferous, glabrous or pubescent above; leaves ^ew, cauline, light green, broadly elliptical to broadly ovate, acute or sometimes rounded, the lower generally short-petioled, rvoL. 11 152 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN the upper sessile, rarely connate, 3-5-nerved from the base, irregularly denticulate; flowers few, mostly terminal, pedicels at least 23^ times as long as the mature calyx, ascending, occasion- ally recurved, slender, puberulent or pubescent; calyx broadly campanulate, 8-14 mm. long, inflated in fruit, generally tinged and thickly dotted with red, teeth broadly ovate, blunt, unequal, the lower ones usually longer than the lateral, the upper at least twice as long as the others, villous at the sinuses ; corolla 2-3.5 cm. long, broadly funnelform, the throat densely bearded and dotted with red, the palate prominent, sometimes nearly closing the throat ; style about as long as the throat, sparsely puberulent ; capsule oblong or oval, constricted at the base or short-stipitate, blunt, about half the length of the calyx ; seeds oblong, reticulate. Distribution: growing in more or less dense clusters along the edges of creeks or in the midst of shallow rivulets in the high mountains from Montana to Colorado, west to British Columbia and southern California. Specimens examined: Montana: Granite Park, Glacier National Park, 10 Aug., 1910, Kirkwood 51 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona). Colorado: Breckenridge, 1887, Bereman 761 (M); moist banks at 10700 ft. alt.. Mammoth Gulch, James Peak, 12 Aug., 1919, Mum 3028 (Pomona); Berthoud's Pass, 23 July, 1881, Engel- mann (M) ; Arapahoe Pass, 1904, Andrews 8 (R. Mt.) ; Boulder, 10 June, 1901, Wheeler 312 (R. Mt.) ; Camp Albion, about 11500 ft. alt., 30 Aug., 1901, WheeUr 372 (R. Mt.). Idaho: ridges south from Wiessner's Peak, Coeur D'Alene Mts., about 6000 ft. alt., 28 July, 1895, Leiherg 1394 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); near Stevens Peak, 3 Aug., 1895, Leiberg lU^ (M). Utah: Alta, Aug., 1879, Jones (R. Mt.). Nevada: Mt. Rose, 9650 ft. alt., 24 Aug., 1912, Heller 9969 (M). British Columbia: Ryer's Pass, 29 July, 1890, Macoun (M). Oregon: wet granitic soil, WaUowaMts., Aug., 1907, CusickSUS (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); Wallowa Mts., 7-8000 ft. alt., 9 Aug., 1900, Cu^ck 2468 (Cornell, M, R. Mt., and Calif.); Crater Lake, 26 Aug., 1922, Epling 5556 (Epling). California: Mt. Stanford, 19 Aug., 1883, Smne 266 (Stanford); I«24] GRANT — ^A MONOGEAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 153 ridge above Donner Pass, Nevada Co., 7500 ft. alt., 10 Aug., 1903, Heller 7137 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; Summit Station, Aug., 1883, Greene (G); Donner Lake, Aug., 1883, Greene (G and M); mountains above Coldstream, Placer Co., 8500 ft. alt., 12 July, 1885, Sonne 266a (M) ; ridge northwest of Donner Pass, 13 Aug., 1917, Heller 12918 (Cornell, M, and Stanford); Summit Meadows west of Donner Pass, 6800 ft. alt. , 26 July, 1919, HelUr 13318 (M); Twin Lakes, Alpine Co., 8500 ft. alt., July, 1892, Hansen 1289 (M and Stanford) ; summit of Sonora Pass, Tuolumne Co., 10000 ft. alt., 15 Aug., 1915, ^. L. Grant 320 (M) ; Mt. Lyell, 9000 ft. alt., 16 July, 1909, Jepson 3355 (Calif.); in shallow streams, base of Mt. Leavitt, Tuolumne Co., 10500 ft. alt., 29 Aug., 1915, A. L. Grant ^ (G, Cornell, M, R. Mt., and Calif.); Minarets, Madera Co., 9500 ft. alt., 23 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1579 (Cornell, M., Calif. Acad., Calif., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Graveyard Meadow near Silver Pass, Fresno Co., 8500 ft. alt., 18 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1513 (G, Phil., Cornell, M, and Calif.); Mt. Whitney, 15 Aug., 1904, Culhertson, distributed as C. F. Baker hdhk (M and Po- mona); Farewell Gap, Tulare Co., 10400 ft. alt., 23-31 July, 1900, Jepson 1020 (CaUf.) ; brooks near Farewell Gap, 10300 ft. alt., Apr. -Sept., 1897, Tur^pm 52 J^ (M) ; slopes of Saw Tooth Peak, Tulare Co., 11000-12000 ft. alt., 10 Aug., 1896, DudUy 1607 (Stanford); Carson Pass, 8200 ft. alt., 23 Aug., 1918, Jepson 8091 (Calif.) ; Onion Valley, near Kearsarge Pass, 15-22 July, 1900, Jepscm 904 (Calif.); Mill Creek Falls, 20 June, 1901, Parish 5063 (U. S.); wet grassy ground, 9500 ft. alt., 2 July, without year, Crawford (Pomona). There has been considerable confusion regarding the exact status of M, Tilingi. Regel grew it from seed sent by Dr. Tiling from near Nevada City, California. He first described and pictured it in Gai-tenflora 18: 321, pL ^5^ 1869. In the next volume (19: 290, pi. 665. 1870), he described and illustrated another plant which he said came from the roots of the first plant during its second year. The two plants are wholly unlike in ^bit, in the shape of the leaves and in the shape of the calyx. The second plant closely resembles M. guttatus, seed of which had been sent to Regel by Dr. TiUng from Alaska, and it would seem 154 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. n that in some way the two had become mixed or that seed of M. guttatus had fallen on the soil of the pots in which M. Tilingi was growing. This species varies considerably in the size of the flowers and leaves. Generally, it may be distinguished by its low, rather closely branching stems, its elliptical or ovate, acute leaves and by its long-pedicelled, chiefly terminal flowers. The rootstocks usually are yellowish and moniliform, but the same thing is found in apparently typical specimens of M. guttatus so that this cannot be used as a distinguishing feature as suggested by Greene. 13a. Var. caespitosus (Greene) Grant, comb. nov. M. Scouleri var. caespitosus Greene, Pittonia 2: 22. 1889. M. caespitosus Greene in Jour. Bot. 33 : 8. 1895. M. luteus var. alpinus Gray in Proc. Acad. Phila. 71. 1863, not Lindl.; Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 98. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1: 567. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 277. 1878, in part, ed: 2, and Suppl. 448. 1886, in part. M. alpinus (Gray) Piper in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 510. 1906;Piper&Beattie,Fl. Northwest Coast, 325. 1915. Stems 3-10 cm. long, reddish, stolons abundant, forming a more or less dense tuft, rootstocks few; leaves ovate or elliptical, 2-10 mm. long, dark grass-green, more or less tinged with red, glabrous or puberulent, entire or irregularly denticulate; flowers terminal and mostly solitary. Distribution : high mountains from British Columbia to Idaho and Washington, southward to central California. Specimens examined: British Columbia: Asulkan Valley, Glacier, 4100-6000 ft. alt., 19 July, 1906, S. Brown 605 (M); Upper Spillimacheen, 6400 ft. alt., 27 July, 1904, Heacock Jfil (M and R. Mt.) ; by a rivulet, alpine meadow in the Big Bend district, 6000 ft. alt., 4 Aug 1905, Bhaw 109^ (M); Mt. Cheam, 15 Aug., 1901, FUkW (M); west of Skagit River, 4 Aug., 1905, Macmn 76795 (Cor- nell); Chilliwack Valley, 1 July, 1906, Spreadborough (Cornell and M); Skagit River, 11 July, 1905, Macmn 76796 (Pomona). Idaho: wet mossy spring, Smoky Mts., Blaine Co., 8000 ft. alt., 13 Aug., 1916, Macbride & Payson 3752 (M and R. Mt.); wet J 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 155 banks of alpine brook, Bonanza, Custer Co., 7000 ft. alt., 25 July, 1916, Macbride & Pay son 3419 (M and R. Mt.). Washington: creeping over moss-covered wet rocks, especially where dripping water occurs, North Fork of Bridge Creek^ Okanogan Co., Sept., 1897, Elmer 64^ (M and R. Mt.); beds of alpine rivulets, Mt. Rainier, 1892, Allen 72 (G) ; moist places, glacial streams, Mt. Tacoma, 5000 ft. alt., 14 July, 1895, Flett 168 (Cornell) ; Mt. Rainier, 20 Aug., 1889, Greene (Greene, TYPE, and Stanford) ; Mt. Rainier, 6000 ft. alt., 12 Aug., 1889, E. C, Smith (M) ; brooks, Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, 21 July, 1907, Cowles 794 (M) ; Crater Lake, Mt. Rainier, 20 Aug., 1889, Greene (Stanford); Mt. Rainier, 1906, Carpenter 52 (M) ; Mt. Tacoma, 1894, E. Thompson (Stanford) ; wet rocks, Mt. Paddo, 6-7000 ft. alt., 30 June, Aug., 1885, Suksdorf 479 (G); wet rocks and stony stream banks, Mt. Paddo, 5-6000 ft. alt., 30 June-Sept., 1885, Suksdorf (M); Mt. Stuart, Kit- titas Co., Aug., 1898, Elmer 1280 (M and Pomona). California: near Kearsarge Pass, Fresno Co., 11600 ft. alt., Jepson 868 (Calif.). 13b. Var. corallinus (Greene) Grant, comb. nov. PI. 9, fig. 2. M. corallinus Greene in Erythrea 4: 21. 1896. M, Langsdorfii var. Tilingi (Regel) Greene in Jour. Bot. 33: 8. 1895;HallinUniv.CaUf.Publ. Bot. 1:116. 1902. M. vermiidfolius Greene, Leaf!. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2 : 7. 1909. M. lucens Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 2: 7. 1909. M. implexus Greene, Piper, Fl. Northwest Coast, 325. 1915, as to the larger plants. Stems slender, nearly glabrous, 2-4 dm. long, intemodes much elongated; leaves few, broadly ovate, oblong or suborbicular, obtuse, coarsely dentate, denticulate or somewhat sinuate, lower with longer petioles than in the species, the upper sessile, often as broad as long ; stems 1-3-flowered, the flowers mostly terminal, pedicels slender, at least 23^ times the length of the calyx. Distribution : in moist places or where water has been standing. Mountains from Wyoming and Colorado to the Pacific Coast States, southward to Lower California. Specimens examined: 156 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN fVoL .1 Wyoming: Garfield Peak, 29 July, 1894, NeUm 688, in part, (Cornell). Colorado: Tolland, 9000 ft. alt., 8 July, 1913, Overholis 10161 (M). Washington: alpine rivulets, Mt. Paddo, about 7000 ft. alt., 8 Aug., 1885, Suksdorf 472 (G). Nevada: divide south of Slide Mt., Washoe Co., 7600 ft. alt., 5 July, 1913, Heller 10922 (M and Stanford); branch of White's Creek, Washoe Co., 8500 ft. alt., 10 Aug., 1912, Kennedy 1886 (G and Stanford) ; Washoe Mts., 25 July, 1895, Greene (Greene, TYPE, and N. Y.). California: south side of Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., 11 Aug., 1916, Heller 12539 (Cornell, M, and Stanford) ; Lake Tartarus, Hot Spring Valley, Plumas Co., 6800 ft. alt., 8 June, 1910, Jepson 4086 (Calif.) ; along Coldstream, 3 miles above Truckee, Nevada Co., 23 July, 1903, Heller 7004 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona); southeastern approaches to Castle Peak, Nevada Co., 31 July, 1903, Heller (M) ; summit meadows, west of Don- ner Pass, Placer Co., 6800 ft. alt., 26 July, 1919, HeUer 13318, in part (Cornell); trail to Belle Meadow, Tuolumne Co., 12 July, 1915, Jepson 6479 (Calif.); Tuolumne Grove of Big Trees, Tuolumne Co., 6000 ft. alt., 4 Aug., 1911, Jepson W (Calif.); Rancheria Mt., east of Hetch-Hetchy, 25 July, 1909, Jepson 3406 (Calif.); Herring Creek, Tuolumne Co., 5500 ft. alt., 17 July, 1915, A. L. Grant 112 (M); Sonora Pass Road, Tuolumne Co., 9000 ft. alt., 26 July, 1915, A. L. Grant 136 (M); Hog Ranch near Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 4700 ft. alt., 16 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 971 (G, U. S., Phil., Cornell, M, R. Mt., Ore., Calif. Acad., Calif., Stanford, and Pomona); Stubblefield Canon, Yosemite Park, 8200 ft. alt., 30 July, 1911, Jepson 4574 (Calif.); near Peregoy Meadow, Mariposa Co., 7000 ft. alt., 21 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1294 (Cornell, M, and Cahf.); Alder Creek to Peregoy Meadow, Yosemite Park, 2 July, 1911, Jepson 4334 (Calif.); Parker Pass, Tuo- lumne Co., 12000 ft. alt., 25 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1614^ (Cornell and M) ; along Dana Creek in Dana Meadow, Tuo- lumne Co., 10000 ft. alt., 25 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 16U (Cornell, U. S., M, R. Mt., Calif. Acad., CaUf., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Jackass Meadow. Madera Co.. 7000 ft. alt., 25 June, 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULTJS 157 1918, A. L. Grant 1342 (Cornell, M, and Calif.); Mary's Meadow above Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7500 ft. alt., 11 July, 1917, ^. L.Grant 1081 (Cornell and M); Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 5 July, 1918, A. L. Grant Ull (U. S., M, Calif., and Pomona); Lake of the Lone Indian, Fresno Co., 11000 ft. alt., 19 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1551 (M and Calif.) ; Lloyd Meadows to Little Ijake, Kern River, 29 June, 1912, Jepson 4887a (Calif.); Mt. Goddard, 11100 ft. alt., 24-26 July, 1900, Hall & Chandler 692 (M) ; edges of mead- ows and streamlets. Horse Corral Meadow to Summit Meadow, 7000 ft. alt., 5-15 July, 1900, Jeysm 771 (Calif.); Cottonwood Creek, Inyo Co., 10000 ft. alt., 23 July, 1912, Jepson 5076 (Calif.); North Fork, Middle Tule, 15 Aug., 1911, Jepson 4692 (Calif.) ; High Creek, Mt. San Gorgorio, 9500 f fc. alt., 24 July, 1904, G. B. Grant 6352 (M); San Jacinto Mts., 9000 ft. alt., 22 July, 1897, H. M. Hall 709 (Stanford); Bluff Lake, San Bernardino Mts., 7400 ft. alt., 21-27 June, 1895, Parish 3606 (Calif.); South Fork Meadows, Santa Ana Canon, San Ber- nardino Mts., 8200 ft. alt., 18 July, 1906, H. M. Hall 7508 (Pomona); Tamarack Valley, San Jacinto Mts., 9200 ft. alt., July, 1901, H. M. Hall 2403 (M). Mexico : Lower California: San Pedro Martir Mts., 8000 ft. alt., 15 July, 1905, Goldman 1237 (U. S.). The variety corallinus has the same general range as the species and merges into it through such specimens as Jepson 4086 and 6076, Heller 7004, A. L, Grant 1614, and Parish 3606, aU from California. Occasional plants resemble rather closely some of the more slender, few-leaved specimens of M. guttatus but, in general, the less erect habit, somewhat weaker stems, and the 1 to 3 terminal flowers with no visible tendency toward forming a raceme serve to seoarate the two. 14. M. guttatus DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 127. 1813; Fischer ia Hort. Gorenk. 25. 1812, nomen nudum; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 99. 1840; Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 153 and 378. 1841; Planchon in Fl. des Serres 9: 2. 1853-54: Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: fVOL. 11 158 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN L 110. 1885; Britton & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 158, fig. 3267. 1898; Britten, Manual, 828. 1901, and ed. 2, 828. 1905; Pennell in Torreya 19 : 148. 1919. PI. 8, fig. 4. + M. Langsdarfii J. Donn in Sim's Bet. Mag. pi. 1501. 1812, in synonymy; J. Donn, Hort. Cantab., ed. 7, 182. 1812, nomen nudum; Greene in Jom*. Bot. 33: 6. 1895; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 520. 1901 ; Nelson in Coulter & Nelson, Manual Cent. Kocky Mountains, 453. 1909; Britton & Brown, 111. FL, ed. 2, 3: 190, fi^. 3777. 1913; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Southeast Wash, and Adj. Idaho, 228. 1914; Piper & Beattie, Fl. North- west Coast, 325. 1915; Armstrong, Western Wild Flowers, 496. 1915; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 778. 1917; Robinson & Femald in Gray's Manual, ed. 7, 724. 1908. M. luteus J. Donn in Sim's Bot. Mag. pi 1501. 1812, not Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2 : 426. 1814, not L. ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 370. 1846, in part; Gray in Bot. Calif. 1: 567. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2*: 277. 1878, ed. 2 and Suppl. 448. 1886, in part; Wats, in Bot. King's Exp. 223. 1871; Curran in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II. 1 : 263. 1888; HaU, Yosemite Fl. 221. 1912. M. lyratus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 377. 1841. M. rivularis Nutt. in Jour. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. 7: 47. 1834, not Donn. M. Scmileri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 100. 1840; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 371. 1846; Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2»: Suppl- 448. 1886; Greene in Pittonia 2: 22. 1889; Howell, Fl. North- west Am. 520. 1901; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Northwest Coast, 325. 1915. M. luteus var. gracilis Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. US- 1859. M. glahratus var. ascendens Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, ^ • Suppl. 448. 1886. M. guUatus var. grandis Greene, Manual Bay Region, ^' 1894. M. Langsdorfii var. platyphyllus Greene in Jour. Bot. 33: 1895. M. Langsdorfii var. argutus Greene in Jour. Bot. 33 : 7. lo 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 159 M. Langsdorfii var. grandis Greene in Jour. Bot. 33: 7. 1895; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 407. 1901, and ed. 2, 379. 1911: Abrams and ed. 2. 336. 1917. M, Langsdorfii var. californicum Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 407. 1901, and ed. 2, 379. 1911. M. Langsdorfii var. guttatus Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 406. 1901, and ed. 2, 379. 1911. M. hirsutus Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 520. 1901. M. grandiflorus Howell, Fl, Northwest Am. 520. 1901. M. grandis Heller in Muhl. 1: 110. 1904. M. eguinus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 1 : 189. 1905. M. paniculatus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 1 : 190. 1905. M. prionophyllus Greene, Leafl. Bob. Obs. & Crit. 1 : 190. 1905. - M. clementinus Greene, Lea.^. Bot. Obs. &Cnt. 2:5. 1909. A glabrous or pubescent plant, annual or perennial by stems rooting at the nodes, by creeping rootstocks or by stolons ; stems terete or somewhat 4-angled toward the apex, jfistulous, stout and erect or weak and more or less reclining, .5-5.5 dm. high, mostly simple, commonly glabrous and puberulent or pubescent above; leaves variable, mostly rounded-ovate or ovate-oblong, sometimes broadly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, .8-15 cm. long, •6-8 cm. wide, many-nerved, coarsely and irregularly dentate, often with small projections at the base of the blade, occasionally lyrate, basal leaves often spatulate or obovate, the petioles usually much longer than the blade, upper leaves sessile, broadly rounded- ovate or suborbicular ; internodes generally longer than the leaves ; inflorescence mostly racemose, sometimes solitary or few-flowered, the pedicels thick and less than twice as long as the'calyx, rarely slender and elongated; calyx glabrous or pubescent, campanulate, often tingfed or dotted with red, 8-17 mm. long, much inflated in fruit, 1-2.5 cm. long, .8-1.5 cm. wide, teeth short, broadly tri- angular, sometimes mucronate, the upper tooth longer, broadly oblong, obtuse; corolla 1-4 cm. long, throat usually spotted with red, the ridges densely hairy and nearly closing the throat, J^iargins of upper lip reflexed and much shorter than the spreading lower one; style glabrous or puberulent; capsule broadly oblong, constricted at the base or short stipitate; seeds longitudinally striate. [Vol. U 160 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Distribution: common in wet places from Montana to northern Mexico, west to Alaska and California. Adventive in Con- necticut and in various parts of Europe and in New Zealand. Specimens examined: Montana: Kranicli's Grove, St. Helena, July, 1892, Harz (M); near Butte, 5500-6000 ft. alt., July, 1893, Mo(yre (M); Spanish Creek, 15 July, 1901, Vogel (R. Mt.); wet ground, Gallatin River, near Bozeman, 14 July, 1905, Blankinship 389 (M); near Red Lodge, 25 July, 1893, Rose 13 (M); Jack Creek Canon, 7000 ft. alt., 15 July, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 494^ (R. Mt.). Wyoming: Medicine Bow Mts., Lieut. Bryan's Exp., Aug., 1856, Engelmann (M); Garfield Peak, 29 July, 1894, Nelson 688, in part (M and R. Mt.) ; Jackson's Hole on Snake River, 6000 ft. alt., 15 June, 1860, Hayden (M) ; Henry's Fork of Snake River, 5400 ft. alt., 18 June, 1860, Hayden (M); sunny, moist places, Sherman, 27 July, 1913, Machride 2541 (M) ; springy brooks, head of Middle Fork of Powder River, Big Horn Co., 19 July, 1901, Goodding 305 (Cornell, M, and R. Mt.); Little Goose Creek, 16 July, 1896, Nelson 2372 (R. Mt.) ; vicinity of Big Horn Mt., July-Aug., 1897, Williams (R. Mt.); on the wet bank of Trout Lake, 14 July, 1899, Nelsm & Nelson 5841 (R. Mt.) ; in a bog, Yellowstone River near Junction Butte, 9 July, 1899, NeUon & Nelson 5748 (Cornell, M, and R. Mt.); North Vermilion Creek, 17 July, 1897, Nelsm 3573 (R. Mt.); swamps at Willits Spring, 28 June, 1909, Willits 201 (R. Mt.); Centennial VaUey, 17 Aug., 1895, Nelson 1670 (Pomona); rollmg plains between Sheridan and Buffalo, 3500-5000 ft. alt., 15 June-15 July, 1900, Tweedy 3422 (R. Mt.); in a ham stream. Bird's Eye, 25 June, 1910, Nelson 9394 (R- M^'^' Laramie Hills, 28 June, 1891, Buffum 704 (R- Mt.).* Idaho: Henry Lake, Fremont Co., 6000 ft. alt., 14 July, l^^r Pay son & Pay son 2018 (CorneU and M); wet sand, Boise, 2£ Aug., 1911, Clark 290 (M and R. Mt.); Elk Creek, Shoshone Co., July, 1900, Ahrams 813 (Pomona); along St. Maiys River, Coeur D'Alene Mts., 26 June, 1895, Leiherg 1071 (M and R. Mt.) ; VaUey of North Fork of Coeur D'Alene Riv^' 11 Aug., 1895, Leiberg 1519 (M and R. Mt.); margins of the Blue Lakes, Twin FaUs and Shoshone Falls, 25 June, 191i' 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULTJS 161 Nelson & Machride 1344 (H.. Mt.); sunny springy mountain sides, Squaw Creek, Boise Co., 3500 ft. alt., 8 May, 1911, Machride 808 (M) ; margins of hot sulphur spring bogs, Ketchum and Guyer Hot Springs, 5887 ft. alt., 22 July, 1911, Nelson & Machride 1278 (M); near Riverside National Park, 6000 ft. alt., 27 Aug., 1895, Elrod (M); Clearwater River, Nez Perces Co., May, 1896, Heller & Heller (Pomona) ; creek bank, Salmon, Lemhi Co., 4500 ft. alt., 26 June, 1920, Pay son & Payson 1791 (Cornell and M); springy places along Snake River Bluffs, 25 May, 1913, Muenscher 375 (Cornell); wet places, June-July, 1892, Mulford (M); moist loam, Silver City, Owyhee Co., 15 July, 1910, Machride 403 (M and R. Mt.) ; in shallow water along river, St. Anthony, 4 July, 1901, Merrill & Wilcox 819 (R. Mt.); Sawtooth National Forest Reservation, 1910, Woods (R. Mt.) ; wet swamps", Yellowstone National Park, 8000 ft. alt., 15 Aug., 1907, Esdg (Pomona); sandy stream margin, Boise, 2880 ft. alt., 27 May, 1911, Clark 26 (M and R. Mt.). Colorado: Mt. Richtophen, 29 July, 1894, C. F. Baker (Pomona) ; Van Boxle's Ranch above Cimarron, 8000 ft. alt., 10 July, 1901, C. F. Baker 392 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; Cameron Pass, 10000 ft. alt., 24 July, C. F. Baker (Pomona); near Canon City, 1871, T. S. Brandegee 71 (M); headwaters of Clear Creek, 1861, Parry 235 (M) ; moist hillsides, Montrose, 6000 ft. alt., 13 June, 1913, Paysm 110 (M and R. Mt.); springy places, Mammoth Gulch, Tolland, 1 Aug., 1919, Mum S159 (Pomona) ; Tolland, 31 July, 1919, Mum 3100 (Pomona); near Breckinridge, 9700 ft. alt., 11 Aug., 1906, Anderson (M); moist crevices, Fish Creek Falls, 21 July, 1903, Goodding 1650 (R. Mt.); Twin Lakes, Aug., 1873, Wolfe 313 (ComeU); Ber- thoud Pass, Grand Co., '11000-12000 ft; alt., July, 1903, Tweedy 5739 (R. Mt.); Empire, Clear Creek Co., 8500 ft. alt., 1^25 July, 1903, Tweedy 5740 (R. Mt.); Rock Mt., Gregory Canyon, near Boulder, 20 June, 1906, Rohhins 1616 (R. Mt.); wet places. Spring Creek, 4 June, 1911, Payson 16 (R. Mt.); L>ix, 10 July, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 451 (M and Pomona) ; alpme streams, Hahn's Peak, Routt Co., 27 July, 1903, Good- ding 1702 (Cornell, M, and R. Mt.); streams, base of Snowy Range, 24 July, 1872, Redneld2Jfi (M); Breckenridge, Summit [Vol. 11 162 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Co., 9600 ft. alt., Aug., 1901, Mackenzie 352 (M); Mancos, 21 June, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 819 (M) ; Bob Creek, W. La Plata Mts., 10000 ft. alt., 27 June, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 181 (Cornell, R. Mt., M, and Pomona); Gray-back Mining Camps and Placer Gulch, 25-27 June, 1900, Rydberg & Vree- land 5658 (R. Mt.). Utah: Logan Canon, 6 June, 1898, Mulford (M); Fish Lake, around Twm Creeks, 8 Aug., 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 7621 (R. Mt.); vicinity of Clayton Peak, Wasatch Mts., 8000 ft. alt., 12-26 Aug., 1903, Stokes (M); streams, Wasatch Range, 1 July, 1899, Pammell 143 (M); hHls north of Salt Lake City, 12 June, 1905, Rydberg 6177 (R. Mt.); Ogden, 29 July, 1885, Letterman (M) ; near spring in calcareous rock, Ogden Canon, 5000-6000 ft. alt., 17 July, 1902, Pammel & Blackwood 3706 (M); Glenwood, 5500 ft. alt., 23 May, 1875, Ward 90 (M); Parley's Canyon, Salt Lake Co., 23 June, 1906, Garrett 1802 (R. Mt.); Brigham, Box Elder Co., 9 May, 1910, Zundel 192 (M); Alta, 9000 ft. alt., 19 Aug., 1902, Cooper m (R- Mt.). Nevada: Little Lakes Canyon, Elko Co., 14 July, 1902, Kenn^iy 577 (M and R. Mt.) ; King's Canon, Ormsby Co., 5000-6000 ft. alt., 11 June, 1902, C. F. Baker 1060 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; Eagle Valley, 25 June, 1859, Lieut. Bryan's Exp., Hayden (M) ; in the creeks. Las Vegas, 5 May, 1905, Goodding (M and R. Mt.) ; grassy stream hunnnocks. Deer Creek, 1 July, 1912, Nelson & Machride 184£ (R. Mt.); Beattie, Ny^ Co., 3500 ft. alt., 5 June, 1912, Heller 10^20 (M); wet shaded places, CaHente, 24 May, 1903, Goodding 946 (Cornell and M) ; wet places, Karshaw Meadow Valley Wash, 27 May, 1902, Goodding 982 (Cornell, M, and R. Mt.); Reno, Sept., 1888, K, Brandegee (M). New Mexico: 1 mile west of Hillsboro, Sierra Co., 5600 ft. alt., 1 May, 1905, Metcalfe 1537 (M); Organ Mts., Dona Ana Co., 16 April, 1893, Wooton (M); Pews River, 1 Aug., 1898, CogM 129 (M); Bear Mt., near Silver City, Grant Co., 5000 ft. alt., 24 April, 1903, Metcalfe 28 (M and R. Mt.); wet soU, banks of Santa Fe Creek, June-July, 1847, Fendler 558 (M) ; Pleasant VaUey, 29 July, 1895, Mulf&rd 353 (M). . . Arizona : fresh runnine water. Beaver Dam Creek, Virgin River, 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 163 13 May, 1902, Goodding 769 (Cornell, M, and R. Mt.); near Flagstaff, 7000 ft. alt., 8 July, 1898, MacDougal Uh (Cornell); in water, Clifton, 5 Mar., 1881, Uu&hg 321 (Cornell and M); Mt. Lemon, Santa Catalina Mts., near Tucson, 26 July, 1917, Mum (Cornell); near Soldiers Camp, Santa Catalina Mts., 13 July, 1916, Harris C16309 (M); Santa Catalina Mts., 26 July, 1917, Mum 1145 (Pomona); Pinaleno Mts., Bonita, Aug., 1917, Munz 1219 (Pomona); Ft. Grant, Pinaleno Mts., 18 July, 1917, Munz (Cornell); spring. Spud Ranch, Rincon Mts., 7400 ft. alt., 2 Oct., 1909, Blumer 3433 (M); Fossil Creek, 22 Apr., 1904, Chamberlain 44 (U. S.); in wet sand, Pipe Spring, 5000 ft. alt., 21 May, ISM, Jones 5272 (M); in the water's edge, Miller's Canon, Huachuca Mts., 8 June, 1909, Goodding 115 (R. Mt.); Barfoot Park, 8000-8250 ft. alt., 19 Sept., 1906, Blumer 1399 (M); swamps and creeks, Fort Whipple, 6 Aug., 1865, Coues & Palmer 103 (M); fenced area, Santa Rita Forest Reserve, 20 April, 1903, Griffiths 4^82 (M) ; cold springs. Price Canon, Chiricahua Mts., 22 July, 1907, Goodding 2299 (R. Mt.). Alaska: Juneau, 25 July, 1899, Trelease & Saunders 4893 (M); Kukak Bay, 5 July, 1899, TreUase & Saunders 4897 (M); Sand Point, Unga, 7 July, 1899, Trelease & Saunders 4896 (M) ; Deer Mt., Ketchikan, 2300 ft. alt., 24 Aug., 1915, Walker & Walker 982 (M and R. Mt.); grassy beach, Tongas Village, Portland Canal, 3 Aug., 1915, Walk&r & Walker 885 (M and R. Mt.); near timber line, Kuiu Island, Port Malmosburg, 3 July, 1915, Walker & Walker 778 (M and R. Mt.); river mar- gins, Glacier River, Unalaska, 2 July, 1907, Van Dyke 146 (G); Akutan, 21 Aug., 1907, Van Dyke 321 (G); Sitka, 1865-66, Bischoff (G and Cornell); Bay, Sitka, 5 Aug., 1907, CowUs i305 (M) ; Kadiak Island, 1 July, 1899, Trelease & Saunders ^H (M) ; Kadiak Island, 2-4 July, 1899, Fernow (ComeU) ; I^utch Harbor, Unalaska, 6 July, 1907, Van Dyke 27 (G); Nazan Bay, Atka, 26 July, 1907, Van Dyke 245 (G) ; Yukatat Bay, 14 July, 1892, Funston 65 (G, Cornell, and M). British Columbia: on rocks along shore, June-July, 1901, Eosen- ^hl & Brand 6 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; swamp at Howser I^ke, 2000 ft. alt.. 23 June. 1905. Shaw 778 (M); ChiUiwack 164 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 Valley, 29 June, 1901, Macoun 5U80 (M); Chilliwack Valley, 20 July, 1906, Spreadborough (Cornell); near Sproat Lake, 400 ft. alt., 26 June, 1907, Rosendahl 1929 (M) ; North Fork of lUecillewaet, 3500 ft. alt., 26 Aug., 1904, Shaw 567 (M); vicinity of Victoria, 19 May, 1893, Macoun 702 (M); near mouth of Downie Creek, 1900 ft. alt., 9 Aug., 1905, Shaw HIS (M) ; wet place near Revelstoke Station, 1600 ft. alt., 9 July, 1905, Shaw 857 (M); Mt. Finleyson, Vancouver Island, 18 May, 1887, Macoun (Cornell) ; vicinity of XJcleulet, Vancouver Island, 12 May, 1909, Macoun 87665 (M). Washmgton : Fresh Lake, Grand Coulee, 2 July, 1902, Mox^Kay 11 (M); Soap Lake, 28 June, 1902, MacKay 17 (M); Clallam, Aug., 1900, Elmer 2583 (M); in ditch, Northwood Swamp, Whatcom Co., July, 1919, Muenscher 5070 (Cornell); near Montesano, Chehalis Co., 200 ft. alt., 29 June, 1898, Heller & Heller 3986 (G, Cornell, M, and Pomona) ; near Montesano, Chehalis Co., 2 July, 1898, HelUr & Heller 4006, in part (Cornell and M) ; growing in an old slough bed, Pleasant Ridge, Skagit Co., 4 Aug., 1918, Roush 5 (M and Cornell); in moist places. Cold Creek, Yakima Region, 1 June, 1901, Cotton SH (M and R. Mt.) ; swamps and springs, Puyallup, 5 Aug., 1897, Flett 161 (Cornell); Seattle, July, 1915, Freiberg (M); conmion in wet places, Seattle, 8 Oct., 1910, Zeller (M) ; Kanaka Bay, San Juan Islands, 25 June-1 Aug., 1917, Zeller & ZelUr H6 (M) ; McNeil's Island, 9 May, 1896, Flett 3h (Cornell) ; Gray's Harbor City, 15 May, 1897, Lamb 1065 (M); damp low ground, Klickitat River near Mt. Paddo, 26 June, 1885 Suksdorf 478 (G) ; damp or wet places, W. Klickitat Co ,20 April, 1885, Suksdwf (M); along streams, W. Klickitat Co., 17 June, 1892, Suksdorf 2136 (M); wet meadows. Falcon VaUey, 2 July, 1885, Suksdorf 473 (G) ; springs in woods. Falcon Valley, 31 July, 1885, Suksdorf 474 (G) ; Argyle, 24 June, 1912, ZelUr (M) ; Bog, Mt. Constitution, 5 July, 1907, CowUs S6X (M); Nason Creek, 2150 ft. alt., 30 July, 1893, Sandberg^ Leiberg 618 (M); along the Tukanon River, 1 July, ^fj^ Lake & Hull (M); Coulee City, Douglas Co., 6 Aug., 189^; Hull (M); Newman Lake, Aug., 1913, Turesson 27 (R- MU. 6 miles south of Pulhnan on Union Flat, 9 July, 1901, PtW (Pomona) . 19241 GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 165 Oregon: wet situations, eastern Oregon, 29 June, 1899, Cusick 2206 (Cornell and M); Horse Creek Canon, Wallowa Co., 1775 ft. alt., 24 May, 1897, Sheldm 81 46 (M); The DaUes, Wasco Co., 5 April, 1902, Sheldon S100S4 (M); in a creek between Portland and Rex, 26 July, 1918, Roitsh 1 (Cornell, M, and Stanford); Queen's Branch, Jackson Co., 18 June, 1892, Hammond 311 (M) ; John Day near Tongue Point, Clatsop Co., 20 Aug., 1902, Sheldon Si 1196 (M) ; near camp at Hasbrook Gulch, 4700 ft. alt., 15 July, 1897, Sheldon 8580 (M) ; Tuolitin River, Clackamas Co., 23 Aug., 1903, Sheldm S13006 (Stan- ford); shore of Columbia River above Astoria, 1883, Meehan (M); McGribble Ranger Station, 10 miles southeast of Port Oxford, 1 July, 1919, Peck 8625 (M); St. Helen, May, 1887, Howell 1244 (M); near Marshfield, Coos Co., 1 Sept., 1912, House 4978 (U. S.); rocks on Umqua River, 11 Aug., 1880, Engelmann (M). California: California, 1833, Douglas (K and G); ridges and meadows near Marble Mt., Siskiyou Co., 5000 ft., June, 1901, Chandler 1694 (M) ; near Diu-ney's Mill, in moist open places, Siskiyou Co., 30 June, 1919, Heller 13284 (Cornell and M); wet places near Yreka, 29 May, 1910, Butler W3 (M and R. Mt.) ; near Yreka, 24 April, 1876, GreeJie (M) ; Shasta Springs, Sis- kiyou Co., 13 June, 1905, Heller 8027 (M); Compton's Prairie, north base of Mt. Eddy, Siskiyou Co., 25 June, 1919, HelUr 13271 (Cornell and M); Metcalf's Ranch, northeast base of Mt. Eddy, 3800 ft. alt., 6 July, 1920, Heller 13417 (M); Mt. Bidwell, Modoc Co., 5900 ft. alt., 7 Aug., 1918, Jepson 7853 (Calif.); Jess Valley, Modoc Co., 5200 ft. alt., 12 Aug., 1918, Jepson 7955 (CaHf.) ; at Sisson's, Mt. Shasta, 25 Aug., 1880, Engelmann (M); marshy meadows, Sisson, 1894, Jepson 21m (Calif.); Sisson, 13 Aug., 1903, Copeland, distributed as C. F. Baker 3808 (Pomona); Quincy, 3500 ft. alt., 16 June, 1910, Jepson 4142 (Calif.); Prattville, Plumas Co., 11 July, 1907, Helkr iSc Kennedy 8794 (M); Beat VaUey, Nevada Co., 4500 ft. alt., July, 1898, Jepsm 2m (Calif.); springy woods. Fallen Leaf Lake, 27 June, 1920, Ottley 900 (Wellesley, ComeU, and M); Penn Valley, Nevada Co., 24 May, 1919, HelUr 13191 (M) ; Truckee, July, 1886, Smne 267 (M) ; Blue Canon, Sept., 166 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI [Vol. 11 *** 1888, K. Brandegee (Cornell and M) ; 8 miles north of Oroville, 13 March, 1914, Heller 11 WO (M); near Oroville, Butte Co., 4 May, 1915, Heller 11868 (Cornell and M); about springs on lava fields, Chico, Butte Co., 2 May, 1903, Copeland, distri- buted as C. F. Baker 301 7 (M and Pomona) ; Butte Meadows, Butte Co., 4200 ft. alt., 26 July, 1917, Heller 12813 (Cornell and M); Chico Meadows, Butte Co., 4000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1914, HelW 11492 (ComeU); near Clear Creek, Butte Co., 175 ft. alt., 1-15 May, 1897, H. E. Brown 169 (M and R. Mt.); Table Mt., Olive Ranch north of Oroville, Butte Co., 23 May, 1912, Heller 10755 (M); Berry Canyon, Butte Co., 8 May, 1902, Heller & Brown 6^93 (M); Alder Springs, Glenn Co., 4 July, 1917, Heller 12771 (M); Big Horse Mt., South Fork of the Eel River, July-Aug., 1892, Jepson 14m (Cahf.) ; summit of Yuba Pass, July, 1913, Ames 18 (Calif.) ; base of South Butte, 20 April, 1891, Jepson 15m (Calif .); White Bar, Amador Co., 1000 ft. alt.. May, 1895, Hansen 1050 (M); New York Falls, Amador Co., 1500 ft. alt., 3 June, 1896, Hansen 2053 (M); West Pomt Bridge, Calaveras Co., 2300 ft. alt., 7 July, 1896, Hansen 1801 (M); Gwin Mine, Calaveras Co., 12 May, 1902, Jepson 1812 (Calif.); French Camp, Tuolumne Co., 3000 ft. alt., 14 May, 1915, A. L. Grant 5 (M); Phoenix Lake, near Sonora, Tuolumne Co., 20 May, 1917, A. L. Grant 948 (G, U. S., ComeU, M, R. Mt., Ore., Calif., Calif. Acad., Stanford, and Pomona); Chmese Camp, Tuolumne Co., 30 May, 1915, Jepson 6326 (Calif.) ; Hog Ranch, near Hetch-Hetchy Valley 4700 ft. alt., 16 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 969 (CorneU, M, Calif., and Pomona); Yosemite Valley, 13 June, 1891, Fritchey 39 (M); wet meadow to Mirror Lake, Yosemite, 23 June, 1894, Burnham (ComeU); Fish Camp, Mariposa Co., 29 June, 1919, Jepson 8397 (Calif.); Raymond, Madera Co., 9 June 1894, Burnham (Cornell); Hart's Meadow, Madera Co., 23 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1309c (ComeU, M, and Calif.) ; meadow near Fresno Dome, Madera Co., 23 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1309h (ComeU, M, and Cahf.) ; Arnold Meadow, Madera Co., 5000 ft. alt., 27 June, 1918, A. L, Grant 1378 (CorneU, M, and CaUf.); near MUo, Fresno Co., 24 April, 1919, Goetz 5 (M); wet meadow, Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 4700 ft. alt., 24 June,' J 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 167 1917, A. L. Grant IOO4 (G, Phil-, Cornell, Calif., Stanford, and Pomona); stream-sides. Dinkey Ranger Station, Fresno Co., 5000 ft. alt., 29 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1181 (Cornell, M, Calif., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 16 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1093 (N. Y., U. S., Cornell, M, R. Mt., and Calif.) ; Bakersfield, Kern Co., 6 May, 1905, Heller 7838 (M); Weldon, Kern Co., 19 April, 1915, Evermann (M); Thorp's Meadow, Giant Forest, 3 Aug., 1900, Dudley 3009 (Stanford) ; sloughs near Hanford, 24 June, 1901, Kearney (M); Middle Fork King's River, July, 1913, Eliot (Calif.); river's edge, Marble Fork, Sequoia National Park, 5800 ft. alt., 24 June-2 July, 1900, Jepson 687 (Calif.); South Fork, Kaweah River, Tulare Co., 22 July, 1904, Culbertson, distributed as C. F. ^aker 4^92 (M and Pomona); Natural Bridge Meadows, Tulare Co., 10 Aug., 1904, Culbertson, distributed • as C. F. Baker 4259 (M and Pomona); in ditch, Fales Hot Springs, Mono Co., 7 July, 1920, OttUy 1116 (Wel- lesley and Cornell) ; Silver Canyon in the White Mts., east of Laws, Inyo Co., 29 May, 1906, Hell&r 8343 (M); Bishop, Inyo Co., June, 1917, Nardyke (Cornell); Shepherd's Canon, Argus Mts., 6000 ft. alt., Death Valley Expedition, 28 April, 1891, Comlle & Funston 740 (Cornell and M); near Comptche, Mendocino Co., 23-29 June, 1906, Walker 383 (Pomona); Willits, 1400 ft. alt., 26 May, 1905, Jepson 2503 (Calif.); springy bank above stream near the ocean. Fort Bragg, 25 June, 1921, Ottley 1525 (Wellesley and Cornell); near Men- doemo, June, 1898, H. E. Brovm 842 (M) ; Indian Valley, Lake Co., 23 May, 1920, Jepson 8994 (Cahf.) ; Cache Creek, Lake Co., 10 May, 1919, Heller 13147 (Cornell and M); in the 'Horse Pasture,' near the summit of Mt. Sanhedrin, Lake Co., 20 July, 1902, Heller 5924 (Cornell, Greene, M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; Howell Mt. foothills, Napa River Basin, 24 April, 1893, Jepson 4m (Calif.) ; tule land near Dunnigan, 20 April, 1917, Ferris 699 (M); HoweU Mt., Sept., 1888, K. Brandegee (M) ; VacaviUe, 20 Mar.,' 1901, Jepson 1198a (Calif.) ; Stewart's Canon, near Falls, Sonoma Co., May, 1899, M. S. Baker (Pomona); CaUstoga, Napa Co., 19 April, 1903, C. F. Baker ^980 (M); near Ocean View, San Francisco, 8 June, 1906, 168 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (Vol. 11 Heller 8376 (M); vicinity of Lake Merced, San Francisco Peninsula, May, 1903, Gardner 567 (R. Mt.) ; on beach, San Francisco, 8 Aug., 1915, Drushel (M); sand hills near Cliff House, San Francisco, 14 March, 1902, C. F. Baker 312 (Po- mona); Berkeley Hills, 22 May, 1910, Jepson 4043 (Calif.); Woodside, San Mateo Co., 4 May, 1902, Ahrams 24^2 (M); Crystal Springs Lake, San Mateo Co., April, 1903, Elmer 4857 (M and Pomona); Woodside, San Mateo Co., 4 May, 1902, C. F. Baker 759 (M and Pomona) ; hills near Pescadero, San Mateo Co., 6 May, 1917, A. L. Grant 942 (Cornell); Bell's Station, Pacheco Pass, 4 June, 1894, Burnham (Cornell) ; San Jose Hills, April, 1897, WisUzenus 761 (M) ; along the Mt. Hanulton Road, 20 May, 1904, Heller 7433 (M and R. Mt.) ; Smith Creek, foot of Mt. Hamilton, lO May, 1907, HelUr 8617 (M); Santa Cruz, 1 July, 1903, C. H. Thompsm (M); on the Carmel Road near Monterey, 9 June, 1903, Heller 6829 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; wet sand near Carmel River, Monterey Co., 2 May, 1921, Oitley 1271 (Wellesley and Cornell); bluffs of the seashore, Pacific Grove, Aug., 1917, Parish 11567 (M); Mohave River, Barstow, 2100 ft. alt., 7 June, 1912, Jepson 4812 (Calif.) ; vicinity of Bonanza Kmg Mine, Mohave Desert, 4000 ft. alt., 21-24 May, 1920, Mum, Johnston & Harwood 4031 , in part (M and Pomona) ; Los Angeles River, Los Angeles Co., 8 April, 1901, Abrams 1442 (Pomona) ; Acton, Los Angeles Co., June, 1902, Elmer 3645 (M); San Gabriel Wash, Los Angeles Co., 12 May, 1920, Ottley 681 (Wellesley and Cornell); Eaton Canon, San Gabriel Mts., 2100 ft. alt., 1 June, 1918, Pierson 198 (Calif.); Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, May, 1906, Trask (M); Santa Catalina Island, 21-26 April, 1904, Grant & Wheeler 6135 (M and R. Mt.); hills near Claremont 12 Aug., 1903, C. F. Baker 3460 (Pomona); near str^m Bear Flats, mountains above Claremont, 30 June, 191^' Crawford (M and Pomona) ; wet springy place in South Hilis, Pomona, 19 May, 1918, Munz 2266 (Cornell and Pomo^ » San Clemente Island, June, 1903, Trask 342 and 34S (U- ^'^ Hemet, Riverside Co., 5 April, 1904, C. F, Baker ^^^ r^^ mona) ; cement standpipe of irrigation ditch, Ohio ^'^®'' ?^X^ side, 5 Jan., 1920, Barrus 71 (Cornell); swampy ground, Kea > ? 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 169 Hill near Upland, San Bernardino Co., 28 April, 1917, /. Af. Johnston 1204 (Pomona); near San Bernardino, May, 1894, Parish (Calif.); borders of Warm Creek, San Bernardino Valley, about 900 ft. alt, 14 May, 1917, Parish 11191 (M and Pomona); Bluff Lake, San Bernardino Mts., 5 Sept., 1915, Gardner 513 (Pomona); City Creek, San Bernardino Mts., 5 June, 1911, Parish 11311 (M and Pomona); Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Mts., May, 1913, Jepson 5669 (Cornell and M); Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mts., 5300 ft. alt., 1921, Spencer 1709 (Pomona); San Diego, 1874, Cleveland (M); borders of Cuyamaca Lake, San Diego Co., 25 June, 1903, Abrams 3877 (M) ; southwestern part of Colorado Desert, San Diego Co., April, 1889, Orcutt (M); meadow at Jacumba, San Diego Co., 13 Aug., 1917, Mum (Cornell); Del Mar, San Diego Co., 4 May, 1895, Angier 192 (M); San Luis Rey, San Diego Co., 10 May, 1882, Orcutt 134 (M) ; Bubbling Spring, Collins Valley, 28 April, 1920, Jepson 8833 (CaUf.). Mexico : Lower California: near Encenada de Todas Santos, northern Lower California, 13 July, 1885, Orcutt (M). Chihuahua : near Colonia Juarez, June-July, 1899, E. W. Nelson 6027 (G) ; vicmity of Chihuahua, about 4000 ft. alt., 8-27 April, 1908, Edw. Palmer 16 (M); vicinity of Madera, about 6750 ft. alt., 27 May-3 June, 1908, Edw, Palmer 289 (M); vicinity of Chihuahua, about 4000 ft. alt., 1-21 May, 1908, Edw. Palmer 145 (M); vicinity of Chihuahua, 8-27 April, 1908, Edw. Palmer iy (M); near Colonia Garcia in the Sierra Madres, 9 June, 1899, Townsend & Barber 28 (G, M, and R. Mt.); river gravel, ChihuaJiua, 14 April, 1886, Pnngle 889 (M). This species is the most common and the most polymorphic in the genus. It varies greatly with environmental conditions, especially in relation to the size of the stem, leaves, and flowers. In several experiments, plants were marked early in the season which had corollas 3.5-4.5 cm. long; late in the summer, flowers produced on these same plants were less than half that length. 'Hie variety grandis of Greene is therefore considered to be a ^ect response to envu-onment, the size of the parts bemg dependent on the amount of water available or on the vitality ^ the plant. 1 TCi ^°'" " 17U ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN In general, M. guttatus may be separated from the other mem- bers of the genus by its stout fistulous stems, its roimded leaves with the blade often as broad as long, its racemose inflorescence in which the floral leaves are mostly reduced to small bracts, and by its stout pedicels, commonly shorter than the flowers. Many species and varieties have been separated from this aggre- gate and of these only the following seem worthy of varietal distinction. Some show so many intermediates that it has been with considerable hesitation that such varieties as depauperatus and puherulus are retained. The writer feels, however, that their retention will lead to greater clearness. 14a. Var. pubenilus (Greene) Grant, comb. nov. M. puherulus Greene, ace. to Rydb. Fl. Colo. 311. 1906, nomen nudum; Greene, Leaf!. Bot. Obs. & Grit. 2: 4. 1909; Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 587. 1915; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 778. 1917. Perennial; stems erect, densely pubescent above, often freely branched from the base; leaves broadly ovate or elliptical, 1-4 cm. long, acute or obtuse, puberulent or pubescent, usually gray- ish-green; pedicels shorter than the flowers, sometimes recurved in fruit; corolla 2-3 cm. long. Distribution : in wet places in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. Specimens examined: Colorado: Pagosa Sprmgs, 27 July, 1899, C. F. Baker 587 (U. S., Greene, type, M, R. Mt., and Pomona); Keating, Fremont Co., without date, ComstocJc (Cornell) ; near Boulder, 9 June, 1900, Ramaley 115 (R. Mt.). New Mexico : mouth of Pouchuelo Creek, Pecos River National Forest, 8500 ft. alt., 30 June, 1908, Standley 4089 (M). 14b. Var. depauperatus (Gray) Grant, comb. nov. M. luteus var. depauperatus Gray in Bot. Calif. 1: 567. 18^6; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 277. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 448. 1886; Henry, Fl. Brit. Columbia, 268. 1915. M. microphyllus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 371. 1846; Greene in Bull. CaUf. Acad. Sci. 1: 111. 1885: Howell Fl. Northwest 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 171 Am. 521. 1901 ; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 367. 1904, and ed. 2, 337. 1917; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 779. 1917. r M. tenellus Nutt. ex Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 98. 1876. M. thermalis Nels. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27: 269. 1900; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 779. 1917. M. longulus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Grit. 2: 4. 1909. M. Langsdorfii var. microphyllus Nels. & Macbr. in Bot. Gaz. 61:44. 1916. M. puncticalyx Gdgr. in Bull, Soc. Bot. Fr. 19: 219. 1919. Annual; stem erect, 3-25 cm. high, mostly simple, slender, glabrous or pubescent, 4-angled; internodes long, leaves few, thin, orbicular or broadly ovate, 1-3.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, denticulate to irregularly dentate, sometimes lyrate or with the margins nearly entire, lower leaves with petioles nearly as long as the blade ; flowers solitary or in a short raceme, pedicels slender, frequently recurved when mature; calyx campanulate, often dotted or tinged with red, glabrous or puberulent, sub- globose in fruit, 5-12 mm. long, 4r-S nun. wide, teeth short, broadly deltoid, obtuse or acute, the upper tooth about twice as long as the others, throat much constricted, giving an elliptical appearance; corolla from 13^ to 3 times the length of the calyx; style glabrous; capsule stipitate. Distribution: in wet places in the mountains from Wyoming and Idaho to Washington, south to California. Specimens examined: Wyoming: on geyser formations. Upper Geyser Basin, 3 Aug., 1899, Nelson & Nelson 6285 (M and R. Mt.) ; Upper Geyser, Yellowstone Park, without date, Broadhead (M) ; Mineral Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, July, 1904, Oleson 15 (R. Mt.); fire Hole, Yellowstone Park, July, 1904, OUsm 22 (R. Mt.); on the "formations" and frequent m Yellowstone Park, 16 July, 1912, Churchill (M). Idaho: gravelly wet places, Squaw Butte, Canyon Co., 3500 ft. alt., 29 May, 1910, Macbride 143 (R. Mt.); margins of hot sulphur spring bogs, Ketchum and Guyer Hot Springs, 22 July, 1911, Nelson & Macbride 1278 (R. Mt.); very moist meadow east of Bennington, 4 Aug., 1913, Sche8cent, stigma-lips equal or unequal; capsule dehiscent to the base along both sutures, placentae completely united, separated at the apex or occasionally divided to the middle and adherent to the valves. Sp. 26-69. Key TO THE Species ^ Mature calyx strongly inflated. *• Style shorter than the ovary. ". Corolla less than 7 mm. long ^0. M. breviJU^u, P- Corolla more than 9 mm. long .' ^^ • ^- ^^'^^ 196 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. U b. Style longer than the ovary. Calyx-teeth short, giving a truncate appearance when in fruit. I* Pedicels less than twice as long as the leaves. 1. Anthers glabrous. • Leaves sessile S6. M. Bodinieri ** Leaves petioled *. . ,35. M, nepakmU 2. Anthers villous. • Corolla more than 1.2 cm. long. t Pedicels longer than the leaves SS. M. actdidens tt Pedicels shorter than the leaves SS, M, Grayi ♦♦ Corolla less than 1.2 cm, long 34. M. iTtconspicuus 11. Pedicels more than twice as long as the leaves 39, 3/. Bridgesii 0* Caljrx-teeth distinct, not giving a truncate appearance when in fruit. h Leaves mostly ovate, dentate 44^ M. flonbuvdus 11. Leaves mostly elliptical, entire or sparingly denticulate ..4S.M. arenarivs B. Mature calyx little or not at all inflated, sometimes distended by the mature capsule. a. Corolla-lobes distinctly unequal, a. Low prostrate perennials. , I. Stems creeping, rooting freely at the nodes. 1. Stems succulent. • Leaves sessile ^^' ^' repens ♦* Leaves petioled S7. M. arbkvlarU 2. Stems not succulent. • Leaves narrowly oblong. t Pedicels shorter than the leaves ^8. M. prosfratus tt Pedicels much longer than the leaves S9. M. ptwifl«^ ♦* Leaves broadly ovate 49^ M. pachystyhs XL Stems decumbent, producing runners 4^. M. jungermannioms dentatus $. Stems more or less erect, mostly annuals. I. Calyx-throat oblique. 1. Calyx-teeth subequal. • Leaves short-petioled ; anthers bearded 38. M* ♦* Leaves sessfle, anthers glabrous 37. 3f. sessUtfohu* 2. Calyx-teeth unequal, the two lower teeth longer than the three others 48. M^ dsirundes XL Calyx-throat not oblique. -. L Mature calyx with corky ribs 55. M* oico 2. Mature calyx without corky ribs. * Style pubescent. t Intemodes shorter than the leaves; corolla reddish- purple 62. M. jmrpyreui tt Xntemodes longer than the leaves: corolla yellow ,,,..41. M . washingUmentis Style glabrous. t lieaves distinctly petioled. . -f^^ t Leaves narrowly oblong, 40- M- ^ %% liCaves ovate. «iia*tt« % Stems viscid-puberulent 4^' ^'^ rWktrt §§ Stems viscid-viUous BO.M.i^ *♦ :*24] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 197 tt Leaves sessile. t Anthers hispid 64. M. discolor it Anthers glabrous. § Corolla-lobes narrow, emarginate ,.66.M, defiexus §§ Corolla-lobes broad, not emarginate. Pedicels much exceeding the leaves; corolla rose- purple S9. M. gracUipes 00 Pedicels rarely exceeding the leaves; corolla yel- low 66, M. montioide9 b. Corolla-lobes equal or subequal. a. Perennials. I. Flowers solitary, scapose 5^. M. primviaide^ II. Flowers racemose. 1. Plants glabrous or nearly so; anthers glabrous .... -{7. M. Leibergii 2. Plants not glabrous; anthers bearded. * Stems glandular-pubescent; corolla red or pink. t Stems erect; corolla pink 5S. M. Lewisii ft Stems prostrate; corolla red 63. M. Eastwoodiae ** Stems more or less slimy; corolla yellow 4^. M* moacJiatua fi. Annuals. L Calyx-ribs corky when mature . , 66. Jf . BiokUi II. Calyx-ribs not corky. 1. Anthers hispid. * Calyx-teeth equal, ciliate 67. M. Pdmeri ** Calyx-teeth imequal, glabrous 68. M. filicaulis 2. Anthers glabrous. * Pedicels at least 3 times the length of the leaves. t Corolla more than 1 cm. long 61. M. diffusa tt Corolla less than 1 cm. long. X Capsule longer than the calyx 63. M, exiguus li Capsule shorter than the calyx 60. M. androsaceus Pedicels less than 3 times the length of the leaves. t Plants glandular-pubescent or glandular-villous. t Stems stout, 1.5^ dm. high 51. M. Parishii tt Stems slender, 2-15 cm, high 67. M. Brewen tt Plants glabrous or minutely-puberulent. t Calyx-teeth glabrous ; stigma-lobes unequal . . 68. M. Suksdorfii tt Calyx-teeth mostly ciliate; stigma-lobes equal. .69. M. ruheUua «* f 26. M. repens R. Br. Prodr. 439. 1810, and 123. 1821 ; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835- DC. Prodr. 10: 373. 1846; Benth. & Mueller, Fl. Austr. 4: 482. 1869; Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mag. ni. 20: pi, 5J^3^ 1864; Moore, Fl. New South Wales, 337. 1893; Rodway, Fl. Tasmania, 138. 1903; Cheeseman, Fl. New Zealand, 484. 1906. ^. Colens&i Kirk in Trans. N. Z. Inst. 3: 179. 1871. A low-growing, glabrous, succulent perennial; stems 3-10 cm. « [Vol. 11 198 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN long, stout, creeping, rooting from the nodes, freely branching, the branches prostrate or ascending ; intemodes shorter than the leaves ; leaves numerous, broadly oblong or oval, obtuse, 2-4 mm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, thick, entire, sessile by a broad base, 1- nerved, often with smaller leaves fascicled in the axils, pitted when dry ; flowers few, axillary and solitary, pedicels stout, rarely exceeding the leaves; calyx narrowly campanulate, 4 mm. long, ribs and teeth green with a reddish-purple crenate lobe between, much distended by the mature capsule, teeth equal, short, tri- angular-acute; corolla broadly funnelform, 1.2-1.5 cm. long, blue or lilac, tube paler in color, sometimes nearly white, exserted, expanding abruptly to a wide throat, lobes long, broad, wavy- margined, unequal, the lower lip pale lilac, with a yellow area down the throat, this densely hairy and spotted w;th red, palate prominent, partly closing the throat ; stamens included, glabrous, the filaments enlarged at the base; style glabrous, as long as the throat, sometimes with a thickened knob at the base, stigma-Ups oblong, equal; capsule included, obtuse, constricted below, de- hiscent along the upper suture and part way down the lower, placentae adlierent to the apex ; seeds oval, longitudinally striate. Distribution: common in salt marshes and muddy places in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. Specimens examined: Australia: without date, Mueller (G, Cornell, and M). South Australia: Port Lincoln, without date, Schomburgh (U. S.). Victoria : Point Lonsdale, Oct.-Nov., 1912, Tilden 726 (G and M); Upper Yarra, Feb., 1882, Walter (M); Colony of Victoria, Sept., Dec., 1854, Harvey (G). Tasmania: without date, Hooker (G). New Zealand* Onehunga, North Island, without date. Kirk lU (G) ; Lake EUesmere, South Island, without date. Kirk (M) . 27. M. orbicularis Wall. Cat. No. 3919. 1828; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10: 373. 1846; Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4:259. 1884. Creeping, glabrous, somewhat succulent perennials, rooting from the nodes; stems stout, 1-2.5 dm. long; leaves petiolate, thick, orbicular, 2-2.5 cm. wide, entire, not veined; pedicels 1924J GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 199 shorter or as long as the leaves ; calyx 6 mm. long, almost truncate, teeth very short; corolla blue, 1.2-1.8 cm. long; style stout; cap- sule exserted, elliptical, acute. Distribution: southeastern India. 28. M. prostratus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 373. 1846; Benth. & Mueller, Fl. Austr. 4 : 483. 1869 ; Moore, Fl. New South Wales, 337. 1893. A prostrate, creeping perennial; stems pubescent, 2-15 cm. long, profusely branched; leaves crowded, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 8-13 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, entire, sessile by a broad base, thick, 1-nerved, grayish-green, mostly glabrous; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels pubescent, shorter than the leaves; calyx tubular, more or less pubescent, 5-6 mm. long, becoming 7-8 mm. long when mature, not inflated, teeth short, triangular- acute, sparsely ciliate ; corolla 8-1 1 mm. long, violet, tube slender, exserted, yellow, throat broad, glabrous within, ventricose, lobes subequal, rotate, reticulately veined ; stamens included, glabrous ; style as long as the corolla, pubescent above, stigma peltate-fun- nelform, lips equal; capsule included, broadly oval, obtuse, de- hiscent along both sutures, breaking away UTCgularly from near the base; seeds subglobose, reticulate. Distribution : Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. Specimens examined: New South Wales: Nymagee, Nov., 1903, Bo&rman (Pomona); Zara, Wanganella, Dec, 1919, Officer (WeUesley) ; Tomingley to Narromine, Sept., 1898, Maiden (G). Victoria: Murray River, 1871, Mueller (M); Swan Hill, Oct., 1888, French (G). The plants of this species are very brittle when dried. 29. M. pusillus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 369. 1846. Small, creeping, grayish-green perennials, densely pubescent with soft white hairs; stems freely branching, 2-3 cm. high; leaves few, narrowly oblong or oval, 1-2 mm. long, sessUe, thick, obscurely 1-nerved, entire; flowers soUtary, mostly terminal, with loQg, slender pedicels, these sometimes almost as long as the plant; calyx narrowly campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, teeth very 200 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 short, triangular-acute, nearly equal, ciliate; corolla 9-10 mm. long, tube slender, much exserted, yellow, throat expanded, ap- parently glabrous within, slightly constricted at the apex, lobes blue, rounded, somewhat rotately spreading; stamens included, glabrous; style almost as long as the corolla, pubescent, stigma- lips broadly roimded, equal, with a laciniate margin; capsule F broadly obovate, obtuse, the valves dehiscent along both sutures and breaking away near the base, placentae adherent ; seeds sub- globose, reticulate. Distribution: wet places in the southern part of Australia. Specimens examined: New South Wales : Darling River, without date, Muelhr (G) . 30. M. breviflorus Piper in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 45. 1901; Fl. Southeast Wash, and Adj. Idaho, 228. 1914; HoweU, Fl. Northwest Am. 521. 1901; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 779. 1917. Stem slender, 3-15 cm. long, freely branched, branches erect or slightly spreading, puberulent; leaves rhombic-ovate or oblance- olate, .5-1.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, narrowing to a slender peti- ole, denticulate or rarely entire, 1-3-nerved; pedicels mostly erect, slender, usually slightly longer than the leaves, puberulent; calyx tubular, 3-5 mm. long, becoming enlarged and somewhat inflated in fruit, 5-7 mm. long, 3^ mm. wide, teeth short, equal, deltoid-acute, frequently subulate, sparsely hispid, slightly con- stricted at the orifice when mature; corolla 4-7 mm. long, pale yellow, tube included, lobes nearly equal, truncate, entire; sta- mens filiform, included, white, glabrous; style short, glabrous, scarcely longer than the calyx, stigma-lips nearly equal; capsule included, oblong, slightly stipitate, placentae adherent to the apex ; seeds oval, favose-pitted. Distribution: wet places in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. Specimens examined: Idaho: Lake Waha, Nez Perces Co., 2500-3000 ft. alt., 24 June, 1896, HeUer & Heller 3320 (Cornell, M, and Stanford) ; sunny stream margin, Silver City, Owyhee Co., 7000 ft. alt., 17 June, 1911, Macbride 900 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); 3^^^^' Latah Co., June, 1892, Sandberg, MacD&agal & Heller 847 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 201 (G and Pomona); moist dirt banks, Martin, Blaine Co., 6200 ft. alt., 7 July, 1916, Machride & Payson 3093 (G, M, and R. Mt.); pond borders. University grounds, Moscow, 28 Aug., 1897, Henderson 4610 (Cornell). Washington: Rock Lake, Whitman Co., 30 May, 1893, Sandherg & Leiherg 115 (U. S); patches in springy places, Wawawai, Whitman Co., May, 1897, Elmer 774 (M and R. Mt.); river bank, Bingen, Sept.-Dec, 1901, 1904, Suksdarf U72 (Stan- ford) ; Yakima Co., June, 1892, Henderson 2264 (G) ; Yakima Region, Northern Transcontinental Survey, 1882, T, S. Brandegee 206 (M) ; damp places, Falcon Valley, 2 July, 1885, Suhsdorf 486 (M and G) ; PuUman, 15 June, 1894, Piper 1826 (G); PuUman, 3 July, 1894, Piper 1858 (G, type collection)) low sandy banks of the Columbia River, W. Klickitat Co., Sept., 1883, Suksdorf203 (G). Oregon: moist fields. Hood River, 1883, Henderson (G); Hood River, 1884, Barrett (G). 31. M. latidens (Gray) Greene, Manual Bay Region, 278. 1894; Jepson, Fl W. Mid. Calif. 406. 1902, and ed. 2, 379. 1911. M. inconspicuus var. latidens Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2* : Suppl. 450. 1886. Plants glabrous or nearly so; stem 1-2.5 dm. high, simple or usually with several erect or spreading basal branches; leaves broadly ovate, 1-3 cm. long, .5-1.2 cm. broad, acute, commonly sessile, entbe or obscurely toothed, thm, much longer than the internodes, basal leaves often subrosulate and short-petioled ; pedicels erect, slender, reddish, sometimes obscurely puberulent, longer than the flowers and becoming much elongated in frmt; calyx cylindrical, 7-8 mm. long, accrescent, broadly oval when ^nature, strongly plicate and much constricted at the oblique orifice, 10-12 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, loosely investing the capsule; teeth 1-1.5 mm. long, triangular-acute, obscurely ciliate, connivent, nearly closing the throat; corolla 9-11 mm. long, white or yeUowish, often tinged with pink, tube broad, included, tliroat short, broad, lobes erect, 1.5-2 mm. long, nearly equal, *^^cate; stamens included, glabrous, filaments slender, flat, rvoL. 1 1 202 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN winged; style shorter than the ovary, 1-2 mm. long; stigma-lips unequal ; capsule obovate or oval, stipitate ; seeds oval, papillate. Distribution : low wet fields from northern California to Lower California. Specimens examined: * California: Chico-Hamilton Road, 6 miles from Chico, 1 May, 1914, Heller 11343 (Cornell, M, Ore., Calif., and Stanford); Little Chico Creek, Butte Co., 1896, Austin 164 (M and Calif.); Lower Sacramento, %S May, 1891, Jepson (R. Mt. and Calif.); Lower Napa Valley, 27 April, 1893, Jepson 31m (Calif.); Montezuma Hills, Solano Co., 14 May, 1892, Jepsm 32m (Calif.); Bartlett Mt., May, 1884, T. S, Brandegee (Calif.); Little Oak, Vacaville, Solano Co., April, 1889, Jepson 3Sm (Calif.); near Mt. Diablo, 26 May, 1862, Brewer 1161 (G, TYPE, U. S., and CaUf.); Mt. Diablo, 1884, Curran (G); Antioch, May, 1886, Curran (M and Calif.); Antioch, May> 1888, T. S. Brandegee (PhU., M, and Stanford); Antioch, May, 1889, T. S. Brandegee (Calif.); Antioch, 7 AprU, 1885, Davy 933 (Calif.) ; wet depressions in adobe, between Antioch and Marsh Creek, 5 May, 1907, K. Brandegee (Calif.) ; between San Benito River and Bitterwater, San Benito Co., 2700 ft. alt., 21 May, 1915, H, M. Hall 9907 (Calif.); Kaweah, Tulare Co., 27 May, 1895, Eastwood (G); Menifee Valley, Riverside Co., 19 June, 1922, Mum & Johnston 5378 (Pomona); ChoUas, San Diego Co., 20 June, 1884, Orcatt 1179 (G and M). Mexico : E Lower California: Hansen's, Lower California, 7 July, 1885, Orcutt (M); Santo Tomas, northern Lower Cahfomia, 17 April, 1886, Orcutt (M); mountains. Lower California, 7 July, 1885, Orcutt (M); Santo Tomas, northern Lower CaUfomia, 21 April, 1886, Orcutt (M). 32. M. acutidens Greene m Bull. CaUf. Acad. Sci. 1: H^- 1885; Eastwood, Fl. South Fork King's River, Sierra Club Publ 27:66. 1902. M. inconspicuus var. acutidens (Greene) Gray, Syn. Fl N. Am. ed. 2, 21 : SuppL 450. 1886. Mostly glabrous annuals; stem 7-20 cm. high, slender, erect 1924} GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 203 or diffusely branched, slightly quadrangular and winged; leaves in few pairs, broadly ovate, 1-2 cm. long, 7-11 mm. wide, sessile by a broad base, thin, 3-5-nerved from the base, denticulate, occasionally hirsute, internodes 2-4 times as long as the leaves; pedicels slender, almost filiform, much longer than the leaves, curved, divaricate, often deflexed; calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-6 mm. long, in fruit chartaceous, 7-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, teeth short, triangular, sharply subulate, ciliate, equal; corolla bilabiate, 1.3-1.5 cm. long, pale pink to rose-purple, tube slightly exserted, throat narrowly funnelform, deep pink on the outside with two yellow spots below the lower lip, lobes unequal, usually emarginate, spreading, paler pink, often more or less tinged with yellow ; stamens included, filaments glabrous, anthers subglobose, villous ; style glabrous, included, stigma-lips equal ; capsule short- stipitate, oblong, obtuse, placentae separating at the apex. Distribution: in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mts., from Fresno Co. to Tulare Co., California. Specimens examined: California : King's River Mountains, 4000 ft. alt., April, 1877, Eiseri (G, type collection); Toll House, Fresno Co., 2050 ft. alt., 13 June, 1904, Hall & Chandler 21 (U. S., M, and Stanford) ; road- side between Dunlap and Pinehurst, Fresno Co., 24 May, 1921, OttUy 1356 (Wellesley, Cornell, and M); Limekiln Creek, Tulare Co., 23 May, 1907, Jepson 2797 (Calif.); Eschom Creek Redwoods, Kaweah River Valley, 23 July, 1896, Dudley 1382 (Stanford) . 33. M. Gray! Grant PI. 6, fig. 2. M. acutidens Hall, Yosemite Fl. 223. 1912, not Greene. Glabrous or nearly glabrous annuals, sunple or branched from the base ; stem 8-20 cm. high, slender, somewhat quadrangular, internodes long, usually several times the length of the leaves; ^Mimulus Grayi Grant, sp. nov., annuus valde glabnis; caulibus tenmbua, 8-20 «n- altis, intemodiis elongatis, plus minusve quadrangularibus; foliis paucis, late o^atis, acutis, sessilibus, base latis, S-S-nervftus; pediculis foliis brevioribus; calyce ^7 mm. longo, late ovato in fructu, 9-10 mm. longo, 5-6 mm. lato, dentibus ciliatis, orevibus, mature fere truncatis; corolla rosea, 1.2-1.5 cm. longa, lobis inaequaUbus, Athens viUosia, subglobosis; stigmae laciniia inaequaUbus; capsula stipitata.— '-oUected at Mariposa, May, 1882, Congdon (Gray Herb., type). 204 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN leaves few, broadly ovate, .7-1.8 cm. long, .5-1.2 cm. wide, thin, acute, denticulate, sessile by a broad base, 3-5-nerved, rarely puberulent ; inflorescence racemose, often flowering from near the base; pedicels slender, shorter than the leaves, spreading; calyx puberulent, 6-7 mm. long, broadly oval in fruit, 9-10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, chartaceous, strongly plicate, teeth equal, ciliate, very short, broad, tapering abruptly to a short point, giving a trun- cate appearance to the mature calyx; corolla slightly bilabiate, 1.3- 1.5 cm. long, rose-red, tube exserted, throat expanded, pink with a yellow patch lined with rose-red, two yellow, hairy ridges below the lower lip, lobes short, emarginate, more or less hirsute at the base; stamens included, white, filaments glabrous, anthers sub- globose, villous with soft white hairs; style included or slightly exserted, glabrous, stigma-lips unequal; capsule chartaceous, oblong, obtuse, almost truncate at the apex, stipitate, placentae separating nearly one-fourth the entire length ; seeds oval, f avose- areolate. Distribution : in the Sierra Nevada Mts. from Yosemite Valley to Tulare Co., California. Specimens examined: California: Alder Creek Trail, Yosemite Park, 5500 ft. alt., July, 1911, Jepson 4S21 (CorneU, M, and Calif.); Raymond to Yosemite, 11 June, 1891, Fritchey 3 (M); Snow Creek, Yosemite Park, 10 July, 1883, Cmgdan (G) ; Mariposa, May, 1882, Congdon (G, type); Darrah, Mariposa Co., 3 July, 1892, Congdon (Stanford) ; Mariposa, 16 May and 17 June, 1892, Congdon (Stanford); near Sugar Pine MiU, Madera Co., 12 July, 1901, Dudley (Stanford); Coffee Pot Pasture near spring in black soil, vicinity of Homer's Nose, Sequoia Nat. Forest, 9000 ft. alt., 12 July, 1897, Dudley 1799 (Stanford); Cedar Creek, Sequoia Park, 4000 ft. alt., 20 June, 1900, Jep«<^ 691 (Calif.); near Cedar Creek, Giant Forest, Tulare Co., 26 July, 1905, K, Brandegee (R. Mt. and Pomona); in ^' shady places, Cedar Creek, 4 July, 1902, G. B. Grant ^^P (Stanford); California, without date. Bridges 199 (N. Y.). 1 34. M. inconspicuus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 880. 1? Rail. Rept 1857; ibid 1876: Bot. Calif 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 205 568. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2': 278. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 449. 1886, in part; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 116. 1885, in part. Stem glabrous, 5-16 cm. high, somewhat quadrangular with winged angles simple or freely branched from the base; leaves oval or mostly ovate, .8-2 cm. long, ,6-1.2 mm. wide, all but the lowest sessile by a broad base, entire or sparingly denticulate, indistinctly 1-3-nerved; pedicels generally erect, slender, longer or shorter than the leaves; calyx 5-6 mm. long, glabrous or minutely puberulent, harrowly campanulate, becoming oval and chartaceous in fruit, 6-7 mm. long, 3 nun. wide, teeth slightly unequal, short, broad, mucronate, giving the mature calyx a somewhat truncate appearance, ciliate; corolla somewhat bi- labiate, .8-1 cm. long, rose-pink to pale pink with a yellow streak bordered with rose-pink below the lower lip, tube included, throat funnelform, lobes deeply emarginate, erect, or the lower lip somewhat spreading; stamens included, white, anthers \dllous with scattered long white hairs; style slightly exserted, stigma- lips unequal, inf undibulif orm ; capsule included, oval, acute at both ends, stipitate, placentae separating at the apex ; seeds oval, apiculate at one end. Distribution: in moist or shaded places in the central and southern Sierra Nevada Mts., and in southern California. Specimens examined: California: Grass Valley, Amador Co., 2500 ft. alt., 2 May, 1895, Hansen 1126 (U. S.); Agricultural Station, Amador Co., 2000 ft. alt.. May, 1893, Hansen 1290 (M and Stanford); Italian Bar, South Fork Stanislaus River, Tuolumne Co., 5 June, 1915, Jepson 6371 (Calif.); Columbia, Tuolumne Co., ^00 ft. alt., 1 June, 1915, Jepson 6341 (Cornell, M, and Calif.); Geological Survey of California, 1866, Rattan 217 (G and U. S.) ; damp hiUsides, Los Angeles, 14 May, 1854, Bigelow (G, TYPE, N. Y., and Phil.). This is the most common species in a closely related group of plants consisting of M. inconsjyicuus , acutidens, latidens, and ^m. Dr. Gray considered them to be conspecific, but later ^e gave varietal status to acutidens and latidens. The original »iaterial of M. Grayi was designaied by Dr. Gray under the un- [Vol. 11 206 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN published varietal name of "tnincatus." They all have leaves closely sessile by a broad, 3-5-nerved base, strongly plicate, inflated mature calyces with short broad teeth, subglobose villous anthers, and stipitate capsules. 35. M. nepalensis Benth. in Wall. Cat. no. 3917. 1828; Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10: 373. 1846; G. Don, Hist. Dichlam. PL 4 : 554. 1838. M. assamicus Griff, in Madr. Jour. Sci. 4 : 375. 1836 ; Notulae 4: 99. 1854; Linnaea 12: litt. 199. 1838; Walp. Rep. 3: 277. 1844Ht5. M. tenellus Bunge, PI. Enum. China, 49. 1831; Benth. DC. Prodr. 10: 373. 1846; Walp. Rep. 3: 277. 1844-45. M. formosana Hayata in Ic. PI. Formos. 9: 79. 1920. A nearly glabrous perennial; stems quadrangular, the angles winged, slender, weak, often diffusely branched, rooting from the nodes; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5-4 cm. long, .5-2 cm. broad, acute, saliently dentate, base cuneate or tapering gradu- ally to a short petiole, pinnately veined; pedicels slender, about as long as the leaves, occasionally pubescent ; calyx cylindrical, 7-10 mm. long, mflated m fruit and 1.1-1.4 cm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, usually somewhat constricted at the throat, teeth ciliate, nearly equal, truncate or short and broad with slender abruptly pointed tips, occasionally pubescent along the ribs, ribs some- times slightly winged, throat oblique m some flowering specimens; corolla .8-2 cm. long, yellow, funnelform, little exceeding the calyx, tube exserted, throat ampliate, densely bearded along the lower side, often dotted with red, lobes short, rounded, erect; stamens and style glabrous, included, stigma-lips equal, mn- briate; capsule oblong, placentae adherent to the apex; seec^ oval, minutely papillate and occasionally with a few scattered hairs. Distribution: wet places in Japan, China, and India. Specimens examined: Japan: Sapporo, 10 July, 1903, Anmoto (G); Yezo, SapporO'. 27 Aug., 1902, Anmoto (G); Sapporo, 25 Aug., 1887, Tokubucni (Phil.); Hakone, May, 1886, Tokio Education Museum S4^ (U. S.) ; Aidzu, 7 Aug., 1879, Matsumura (U. S.). 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 207 China: Meng-tsze, Yunnan, without date, Henry 10450 (U. S.); W. Hupeh, June, 1900, Wilson 1S02 (U. S.); Hupeh, 1885- 1888, Henry 6897 (U. S.); Hupeh, 1885-1888, Henry 7U5 (G). Manchuria: Valley J-cze-sun-che, District Onioso, Province Kirinensis, 7 Aug., 1896, Komarov (G). India: Himalayas, without other data (Phil.). The inflated calyx in mature specimens and the small corolla of this species indicate relationship to M. inconspicuus , a species confined to California. From this, it differs in having shorter calyx-teeth, a yellow corolla with entire lobes, and glabrous anthers . 35a. Var. japonica Miq. ex Maxim, in Bull. Acad. St. Peters- burg 20: 436. 1875. M. nepalensis forma japonica Miq. Prol. 48. 1866-67. Leaves mostly smaller than in the Species, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, .8-1.6 cm. wide; fruiting pedicels longer than the leaves; calj^- tube cylindrical, not broadly inflated, teeth subequal, the two upper somewhat larger than the others; corolla 1.5-2 cm. long. Distribution: wet places in Japan and India. Specimens examined : Japan: Nanokawa, Tosa, July, 1892, Mizo-hoduki (U. S.). India: Pungbee, Sikkim, 500 ft. alt., 28 June, 1870, Clarke 12114 (U. S.) ; Sikkim, 7000 ft. alt., May, 1877, Lister (U. S.) ; Sikkun, 4000-10000 ft. alt., 1848-49, Hooker (G). Differs from the species mainly in size and in the length of the pedicels, these being longer than the leaves. 35b. Var. procerus Grant^ PI- 3, fig. 2. Stems simple, erect, 2-3.5 dm. long, not winged; leaves broadly ovate or elliptical, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, short-petioled, coarsely toothed; fruitmg calyx broadly campanulate, 1.3-1.4 cm. long, ribs pubescent, subequal, the upper tooth sometimes Jonger than the others; corolla 2.5-3 cm. long, throat broadly lunnelf onn, spotted with red ; capsule not seen. * ^ulus nepalensis Benth. var, proceras Grant, var. nov., caidea simpUces, wecti, 2-3.5 dm. longi, non alati; foliia late ovatis, 1.6-3.5 cm. longis, 1-2 cm. latis, P«tiolis brevibus; corolla 2.5-3 cm. longa.--CoUected in Sikkim Himalaya, India, Aug., 1892, G. A. Gammie (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 262003, ttpb). 208 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. U A larger plant with erect, unbranched steins and larger flowers, merging into M. nepalensis through such specimens as Clarke 12114 from Sikkim. It closely resembles M. dentatus, a Pacific Coast species, differing from it mainly in having a smaller and less ampliate corolla which is not constricted at the base of the throat. Distribution: in wet places in Sikkim, India. Specimens examined: India: Sikkim Himalaya, 1 Aug., 1892, Gammie (U. S., type); Sikkim, 4000-10000 ft. alt., 1848^9, Hooker (G). 36. M. Bodinieri Vaniot in Bull. Acad. Geog. Bot. 15: 86. 1905. Low, glabrous, creeping perennials, freely rooting from the nodes; stems prostrate or procumbent, 1-2 dm. long, simple or with short branches, quadrangular, the angles more or less winged; leaves broadly ovate, 1-3 cm. long, .5-1.5 cm. wide, acute, mucronate, minutely and sparsely denticulate, pinnately veined, sessile by a broad, clasping subcordate base, rarely short-petioled; flowers few, axillary, pedicels weak, longer than the leaves; calyx campanulate, 6-10 mm. long, ' ciUate, throat slightly oblique, teeth short, broadly triangular, mucronate; corolla yellow, 1.3-1.5 cm. long, throat exserted, lobes nearly equal, slightly spreading; style included, glabrous, stigma-lips equal; capsule obovate, obtuse; seeds subglobose. Distribution: in standing water, southern China. Specimens examined: China: Yunnan, near Likiang, about 8500 ft. alt., 8 July, 191*' Schneider 1771 (U. S.); in the region of Likiang, near Pegu- Ngu-lch-keh, about 8700 ft. alt., 18 July, 1914, Schneider ma (U. S.). ' 37. M. sessilifoUus Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pete^^ 20: 436. 1875; Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2M Suppl- ^'' 1886. .^ A glabrous or almost glabrous perennial, stems erect or na ' somewhat quadrangular; leaves broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. ' 1.5-3 cm. wide, closely sessile, 5-7-nerved from the ^^^^' ^^ acute, upper smaller and obtuse or roimded above, all sa e 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 209 toothed, the upper with large teeth, mostly pubenilent at the nodes; pedicels slender, shorter than the leaves; calyx campanu- late to fimnelform, 1-1.2 cm. long, teeth deltoid-acute, 2-3 mm. long, subequal, ciliate; corolla bilabiate, 3 cm. long, funnelform, yellow, throat ampliate, exserted, about twice as long as the calyx, lobes subequal, rounded, 8-10 mm. long; stamens and style included, glabrous, filaments thin, flattened; capsule oblong, dehiscent to the base, placentae adherent; seeds broadly oval, longitudinally wrinkled. Distribution: wet places in Japan, Specimens examined: Japan: Togakushi-san, Province Shinano, 12 June, 1894, without name of collector (U. S.) ; Suttsu, Prov. Oshima, 19 July, 1888, Tokubachi (Phil.); Sapporo, 22 June, 1884, Tokubuchi (G); Mori, 4 June, 1885, Pere Foune 327 (M). This species is closely related to M. dentatus and M. nepalensis but differs from them in its closely sessile and 5-7-nerved leaves. 38. M. dentatus Nutt. ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 372. 1846; Gray in Bot. Calif. 1 ; 567. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2' : Suppl. 447.. 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 109. 1885; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 519. 1901; Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 509. 1906. Perennial from running rootstocks and with pubescent stolons above ground, rooting at the nodes; stem simple, erect, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, sparsely villous; leaves broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. long, 1-2-3.5 nun. wide, acute, tapering to a short petiole, sparingly pubescent, coarsely and saliently dentate on the upper half, often tinged with red; pedicels slender, pubescent, shorter than the leaves; calyx campanulate, 1.1-1.5 cm. long, sparsely villous along the acutely angled ribs, teeth triangular-acuminate, 4-6 "^. long, ciliate, subequal, throat obUque; corolla 3.5-4.5 cm. long, golden-yellow, tube short, included, constricted at the apex, throat ahnost as broad as long, ventricose, spotted with brown on the lower side, lobes rounded, 6-12 mm. long, usually erect, sometimes emarginate, sinuses broad; stamens included, fila- Qients glabrous, anthers villous; style and stigma glabrous, jacluded, stigma-lips rounded, equal, fimbriate; capsule oblong, "deluded, placentae adherent; seeds oval, favos^pitted. fVOL. 11 210 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Distribution : in woods and along streams from Washington to northern California. Specimens examined : Washington: Colimibia River, Nuttall (G, type); Montesano, Chehalis Co., 200 ft. alt., 10 June, 1898, Heller & Heller 3926 (Phil, and M) ; along streams, Montesano, May, 1917, /. M. Grant (M); North Branch, Pacific Co., 16 Aug., 1903, Sheldon SI 2959 (Stanford); wet rocks, wet places in dense forests at Altoona on the Columbia River, 20 July, 1909, Suksd&rf 6673 (G) . Oregon: near Astoria, 12 May, 1892, Hmvell (M); Falls City, 8 May, 1915, /. C. Nelson 120 (Stanford) ; Brookmgs, May, 1915, J. H. Thompson 178 (Stanford); Tillamook, 10 Sept., 1894, Lloyd (N. Y.); Toledo, 7 Aug., 1909, Rushy (N. Y.); Coast Mts., July, 1882, Howell (Phil.); damp bank, 3 miles above mouth of Chetco River, Curry Co., 12 July, 1919, Peck 8810 (M); Corvallis environs. May, 1922, Epling 5549 (Epling); Yaquina, 28 July, 1922, Epling 5554 (Epling). Calif ornia : Humboldt Bay, 1000 ft. alt.. May, 1901, Chandler 1199 (N. Y., M, Calif., and Stanford); Humboldt Co., 1882, RatUin (G and M) ; in moist places. Freshwater Creek, Humboldt Co., very common in the forests of Humboldt and Del Norte Co s June, 1882, Rattan 25 (G) ; Coast Mts., north of San Francisco Bay, June, 1882, Rattan (M); Humboldt Co., 1911, H. H. Smith 3791 (M) ; wet ground under redwoods. Eureka, 31 May, 1896, BlasdaU (R. Mt.); Humboldt Co., 1879, Rattan (Stan- ford); Humboldt Bay, June, 1882, Rattan (Calif, and Stan- ford); near Crescent City, without date, Rattan (Stanford); Klamath River, Del Norte Region, June, 1899, DudUy (Stan- ford); common in shaded moist ground, vicinity of Eureka 30 May, 1900, Tracy 833 (Calif.). 39. M. Bridgesii (Benth.) Clos in C. Gay, Hist. Chile 5: Ul 1849; Walp. Ann. 3: 193. 1852-53; Reiche, Fl. Chile 6^: 6^ 1911. M. parviflorus & Bndgesii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10 : 371. 184o Glabrous perennials, freely rooting at the nodes ; steins asceno ing or erect, 1-3 dm. long: leaves few, ovate or oval, 1.2-S.5 cm ) } 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 211 long, .5-2 cm. broad, obtuse, dentate or erose, 3-5-nerved from the base, upper leaves sessile by a broad clasping base, the lower sessile or short-petioled ; pedicels slender, elongated, 2-4 times the length of the leaves ; calyx campanulate, 7-8 mm. long, tinged with red, sometimes minutely puberulent, much inflated and oval in fruit, the top appearing as though truncate, teeth broadly triangular-acute, 1 mm. long, nearly equal, the orifice scarcely oblique; corolla 1.5-2.2 cm. long, broadly funnelform, the lower hp and open throat spotted with red, lobes unequal, little spread- ing; style glabrous, stigma-lips oblong, nearly equal; capsule included, elliptical, acute, short-stipitate, placentae separating at the apex ; seeds smooth, oval, less than twice as long as broad, not apiculate. Distribution : in wet places from central to southern Chile. Specimens examined : Chile: Colchagua, 1862, Bridges or Cuming ? (U. S.); Cauquenes, without date, Reid (G); stagnant ditch, Valdivia, 12 Nov., 1904, Buchtien 109 (Calif.); without further data. Dr. Styles (PhU.). Clos has described two varieties : (1) stolmifera, tall plants with remote leaves, either short or long-petioled, acute and erose- dentate; (2) integrifolia, small plants, leaves close together, sessile, subconnate, nearly entire. Material of these varieties has not been seen by the writer. M. longipes Ph. in Linnaea 29: 28. 1857-58, is probably a synonym of the variety integrifolia. 40. M. Pulsiferae Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 98. 1876; Bot. CaUf. 1 : 568. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2» : 277. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 450. 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 115. 1885; HoweU, Fl. Northwest Am. 521. 1901 ; Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 510. 1906. ^^' ^^: ^^' ^^' Stems slender, 5-15 cm. high, glandular-puberulent, simple or more often loosely branched from the base; leaves short-petioled, i^arrowly oblong or occasionally spatulate, .8-2.2 cm. long, 4-10 mm. broad, acute, base cuneate or acute, entire or irregularly denticulate, puberulent ; pedicels filiform, shorter than the corolla, becoming elongated and somewhat curved and spreading in fruit, dually much longer than the leaves; calyx narrowly tubular, [Vol. 11 212 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 6-7 mm. long, accrescent, 9 mm. long in fruit, rarely inflated, teeth equal or nearly so, triangular-acute, 1 mm. long, sometimes becoming constricted at the throat and slightly connivent, margins sparingly hispid; corolla 7-11 mm. long, yellow, tube exserted, funnelform, lobes short, erect, unequal, truncate, entire or notched, sometimes tinged with pink or with a single large red spot below the middle lobe of the lower lip; stamens glabrous, filaments flattened, included; style glabrous, included; stigma- lips oblong, nearly equal; capsule slightly oblong, often as long as the calyx, placentae not separating; seeds oval, smooth. Distribution: Washington to northern California. Specimens examined : Washington: damp low grounds, Falcon Valley, June, 1885, Suksdorf (M and Stanford) ; damp low grounds, Falcon Valley, 10 June-30 July, 1885, Suksdorf 486 (G); damp low bare grounds near Trout Lake, Klickitat Co., 26 July, 1886, Suks- dorf (G) . Oregon: bar of Columbia River, 1884, Barrett (G); margin of pond, 1 mile east of Waldo, Josephine Co., 22 June, 1918, Peck 7935 (G); Grant's Pass, May, 1884, Howell 236 (G); Big Meadow, Des Chutes River, about 4500 ft. alt., 23 July, 1894, Leiherg 491 (G). California: Metcalf's Ranch, base of Mt. Eddy, Siskiyou Co., June, 1920, Heller 13391 (M); Sierra Valley, Bolander & Kel- logg (G); near Shasta Springs, Siskiyou Co., 5 June, 1905, Heller 7961 (M); Sisson, 24 July-10 Aug., 1894, Jevson 55m (Calif.); Castle Crag, near Mt. Shasta, 23 June, 1893, DudUy (Stanford); McCloud River, 6 miles below Bartlett, June- Aug., 1893, M. S. Baker (M and Calif.); wet ground near Hyampam, Trinity Co., June, 1883, Rattan (Stanford); base o Mt. Eddy, Siskiyou Co., 20 June, 1919, Heller 13261 (ComeU and M); Bear VaUey, Nevada Co., 21 July, 1898, Jepson57m (Calif.); near Clear Creek, Butte Co., 175 ft. alt., 1-15 May, 1897, Brown 322 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); near Cohassei, Butte Co., 12 April, 1915, Heller 11805 (ComeU, M, and Stan- ford) ; Indian VaUey, 1873, Ames 21 (G, type) ; without locality, Bndges 200 (U. S.); Haile Place, Mariposa Co., 18 June, Vi^^ Congdon C71 (G); La Jota Plateau, Howell Mt., 8 May, is^-^' Jepson 68m (Calif.). 19241 GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 213 The petioled leaves, cylindrical calyx, and longer corolla separ- ate this species from M, latidens, while the smaller corolla and glabrous style distinguish it from M. washingtonensis to which it is most nearly related. 41. M. washingtonensis Gdgr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. IV. 19: 218. 1919. M. peduncularis Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2»: Suppl. 450. 1886, not Dougl. ; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 281. 1885; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 521. 1901; Piper, Fl. Southeast Wash, and Adj. Idaho, 228. 1914; Henry, Fl. Brit. Columbia, 269. 1915; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 779. 1917. A small pubescent or glandular-pubescent annual; stems some- what quadrangular, 4-18 cm. high, simple or usually loosely branched from the base; leaves triangular-ovate or lanceolate, .&-1.5 cm. long, 2-7 mm. broad, rather thick, acute, denticulate, base more or less cuneate, often reddish-purple on the lower surface and with scattered white hairs, 1-3-veined from the base ; petioles mostly shorter than the blades; pedicels filiform, much elongated, spreading or divaricate in fruit, slightly thickened at the base; calyx 5-7 nam. long, prismatic, minutely puberulent, distinctly angled, not inflated when mature, ribs reddish, teeth equal, short, broad, mucronate, 1 mm. long, ciliate; corolla bi- labiate, 1-2 cm. long, yellow, tube slender, funnelform, much exserted, palate densely hairy, partly closing the throat, lobes rounded, entu-e, the lower lip spreading and almost twice as long as the erect upper one; stamens included, glabrous; style pubes- cent, not much longer than the upper pair of stamens, stigma-lips unequal, broadly rounded, laciniate; capsule not much over half ^ long as the calyx, oblong, placentae not separatmg; seeds oblong, smooth. Distribution: moist sandy places in Washmgton and Oregon. Specimens examined : Washington : moist sandy banks of the Columbia River, W. Klick- itat Co., Sept., 1883, Suksdorf m (G); low sandy banks of tbe Columbia River, Klickitat Co., 25 Sept., 1881, Suksdorf 61 (G); low sandy banks of the Columbia, W. Klickitat Co., ^t., Nov., 1885, Suksdorf 560 (G, M, and Stanford, type colhction)) on banks of the Columbia River, 1884, Barrett (G). 214 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN tVOLll Oregon: John Day Valley, 18 May, 1885, Howell 519 (G and Phil.). This species was confused by Dr. Gray, Dr. Greene, and a number of later botanists with M. peduncularis Benth. Material for comparison was sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, and a sketch of the type specimen and a scrap from it were sent from there to the Missouri Botanical Garden. These show, without doubt, that Bentham's M. peduncularis is a small- sized plant of M. florihundus, and what Dr. Gray, Dr. Greene and others took for M. peduncularis is a plant that was not de- scribed until 1909, when Gandgoger published M. washingtonenm as a new species. 42. M. amoliatus Grant ^ I I Stems erect or ascending, 7-15 cm. high, viscid-puberulent leaves broadly ovate, acute, 1-2.5 cm. long, .5-1.2 cm. wide, dentate, base cuneate, petioles slender and mostly longer than the blade; pedicels filiform, somewhat spreading, longer than the leaves; calyx tubular, 5-6 mm. long, the fruiting calyx 6-7 mm. long, 3-4 nun. wide, teeth short, broadly triangular, acute, 1 mm. long, ciliate; corolla bilabiate, funnelform, 1.2-2 cm. long, yellow, tube exserted, throat ventricose, ampliate, lobes short unequal, the lower lip longer and little spreading; stamens in- cluded, glabrous; style barely exserted, glabrous, stigma-hp3 equal; capsule shorter than the calyx, narrowly ovate, acute, placentae adherent at the apex ; seeds longitudinally wrinkled. Distribution: moist places in southwestern Idaho and easte Washington. Specimens examined: Idaho: Lake Waha, Nez Perces Co., 2500-3000 ft. alt., 27 June, 1896, Heller & Heller 3330 (M, type, Cornell, U. S., and Stan- ford) ; moist places on hillsides, WesseU Place near Le^to^' 19 June, 1894, Henderson 8676 (G and R. Mt.) ; Lake WaM. 7-15 » Mimulus ampHatus Grant, sp. nov., caules erecti, viscido-puberulentes, ' cm. longi; foliis late ovatis, dentatia, basi cuneatis, petiolo lamina longiore, ^^^J^ cylindrato, dentibus late triangxilaribus-acutis ; corolla flava, 1 ■2-2-2 ^'°- fauce ampliata, lobis inaequalibus, brevibus; stylo glabra, laciniis aequa CoUected about Lake Waha, Nez Perces Co., Idaho, 2000-3500 ft. »J*„' / 1896, A. A. dk E. Gertrude Heller 3330 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. no. 893244, 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 215 Crag's Mts., 23 June, 1894, Bender sm 2675 (G); on hills, Lake Waha, Nez Perces Co., 23 June, 1890, Henderson 2675a (Cor- nell) . Washington: along irrigation ditches, Wawawai, May, 1897, (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) M. arenarius Grant PL 8, fig Small glandular-pubescent annuals, somewhat slimy and with soft white hairs; stems 8-15 cm. long, simple or branched; leaves few, mostly elliptical, sometimes ovate, with a rounded base, acute, 1-1,7 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, sessile, often reddish on the lower surface, entire or sparingly denticulate, 1-3-nerved from the base, occasionally with short-petioled lower leaves; fruiting pedicels slender, reddish, longer than the leaves, usually divari- cate and more or less curved ; calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-6 mm. long, slightly larger in fruit, 6-8 mm. long, often dotted with red, teeth subequal, triangular-acute, ciliate; corolla bilabiate, 1.3-1.7 cm. long, yellow, tube exserted, throat funnelform, with a hairy ring at the base of the lobes and two densely hairy ridges more or less dotted with red down the throat, lobes unequal, the middle lobe of the lower lip longer and spreading; stamens gla- brous, included, filaments flat; style slightly exserted, flattened, glabrous, stigma-lips broadly rounded, equal; capsule elliptical, longitudinally striate; seeds oval, papillate. Distribution: moist sandy places in the Transition Zone of the Sierra Nevada Mts., from Mariposa Co. to Fresno Co., Cali- fornia. Specimens examined : CaUfomia: near Wawona, Mariposa Co., 5000 ft. alt., 23 June, 1918, A. L, Grant 1309 (N. Y., CorneU, M, CaUf. Acad., and Calif.) ; in sandy places, Jackass Meadow, Madera Co., 7000 ft. alt., 25 June, 1918, A, L. Grant 1336 (ComeU, M, and Calif.); ' Mimulus arenarius Grant, sp. nov., annuus pumUus, pubeacens, viscoso-villosua ; lohis ellipticis, integerrimis vel parce dentieulatis; pediculis foliis longioribuB, pler- ^que divaricatis, curvatia; calyce fructifero campanulato, 6-8 mm. longo, dentibus ^baequalibus ; coroUae labiis inaequalibus, 1.3-1.7 cm. longis; stylo exserto, glabro, J^miiis aequalibus.— Collected in moist sandy places near Hmitington Lake, Fresno J^-' ^000 ft. alt., 5 July, 1917, Adde Lewis Grant 1032 (Gray Herb., Phil. Acad. «at. Sci. Herb., Cornell Univ. Herb., Mo. Bot. Card. Herb. no. 849663, ttpb, Rocky Wt. Herb.. Univ. Talif TT^rK Macoun 54474 (M); Kootenai River, 1 July, 1890, Macou^ (G and M) ; Port Albemi, Vancouver Island, 27 June, 191o» Henry 9054 (G). } 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 227 Washington: springs near Chenowith, Skamania Co., 7 July, 1894, Suksdorf 2320 (N. Y. and M) ; in wet peat-like swamps near Doubtfid Lake near the summit of Cascade Pass, Sept., 1897, Elmer lJi5 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; springy places, W. Klickitat Co., 18 June, July, 1885, Suksd&i (M and Stanford) . California: Log Lake, Shackleford Creek, Siskiyou Co., 5 June, 1910, Butl&r 1511 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); damp soil, Shackleford Creek, 4000 ft. alt., 8 July, 1910, Butler 1685 (R. Mt. and Stanford); near Shasta Springs, Siskiyou Co., 5 June, 1905, Heller 7960 (M and Stanford) ; north side, Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., 11-16 June, 1897, H. E. Brown 405 (M and R. Mt.) ; Deetz Station, near Black Butte, 3800 ft. alt., 25 Aug., 1914, Heller 11714 (CorneU, M, and Stanford); Klamath River near Requa, Del Norte Co., June, 1899, Dudley (Stanford) ; Forestdale, Modoc Co., July, 1898, M. S. Baker 5^5 (Calif.); Coffee Creek, Sabnon Mts., Trinity Co., July, 1909, H. M. Hall 8555 (R. Mt.); Lassen's Peak, Aug., 1896, Austin 395 (G and M); Pine Creek, Lassen Co., 9 July, 1894, Baker & Nutting (R. Mt.); Martin Springs, Lassen Co., 30 July, 1922, Brown & Wieslander 17 (Cornell and Calif.); Squirrel Creek, vicinity of Quincy, Plumas Co., 29 June, 1919, Wagner 300 (Stanford); near Lassen Buttes, Plumas Co., 6000 ft. alt., 15-31 Aug., 1897, H. E. Br&wn 669 (M and R. Mt.); near the simmiit of Soapstone Ridge, Plumas Co., 7 July, 1915, Heller 12064 (M and Stanford) ; Red Point, Placer Co., 4500 ft. alt., July, 1892, Pnce (Stanford); near Prattville at Clear Creek, 5000 ft. alt., 2 July, 1897, Joti^s (M) ; in coarse granitic sand, west of Emigrant Gap, Placer Co., 12 Aug., 1917, Helhr 12875 (M and Stanford) ; Cisco, 1870; Kellogg & Branner (G); Bear VaUey, Nevada Co., 4500 ft. alt., 20 July, 1898, Jepson 51m (Calif.); Cahto to Westport, Mendocino Co., 30 July, 1897, Jepsm 42m (Calif.); Soldier's Ridge, Mendocmo Co., 24 July, 1897, Jepson 45m (Calif.); summit of Yuba Pass, July, 1913, Ames 19 (Calif.); about Summit Station, Nevada Co., 20 July, 1903, Heller 6973 (M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Po- niona); lower end of Donner Lake, Nevada Co., 16 July, 1903, Heller 6947 (M, Stanford, and Pomona); Nevada Co., 228 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 1892, Michener & Bioletti (M) ; Sierra Valley, Sierra Co., with- out date, Lemmon 72 (G and M); Little Chico Creek, Butte Co., March, 1896, Austin IJ^t (M); Chico Meadows, Butte Co., 4000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1914, Heller 11511 (CorneU, M, and Stanford); Coast Range west of Alder Springs, Glenn Co., 5300 ft. alt., 5 July, 1917, Heller 12797 (M) ; near Echo Camp, Eldorado Co., 7000 ft. alt., 6 Aug., 1915, Heller 12165 (Comell, M, and Stanford); Summit, Aug., 1883, Greene (M and G); Donner Lake, Nevada Co., July, 1891, Sonne 268 (M); Glen Alpine, Eldorado Co., 12 July, 1898, Price (Stanford); Lake Tahoe, 1 Aug., 1891, Evans (M); Bear River, Amador Co., 5500 ft. alt., 30 July, 1896, Hansen 1951 (M); Doak's Ridge, Amador Co., 4000 ft. alt., July, 1892, Hansen Jt65 (M and Stanford); Snowdon Ranch, Calaveras Co., 7 Aug., 1890, Jepson 46m (Calif.); Strawberry, Tuolumne Co., 16 July, 1915, A. L. Grant 56 (Comell); banks of Tuolumne River, Big Oak Flat Road, Tuolumne Co., 24 July, 1918, Ferris 1^58 (Stanford); Crocker's, Tuolumne Co., 3 Aug., 1911, /epm JfiAO (Calif.); Brightman's Flat, Tuolumne Co., 3 Aug., 1916, A. L. Grant 892 (Comell and Stanford); Hog Ranch, above Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 16 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 984 (Cornell, M, Calif., and Stanford); Big Creek, Big Oak Flat Road, Tuolumne Co., 22 June, 1919, Jepson 8342 (CaUf.); Little Yosemite, 6300 ft. alt., 6 July, 1909, Jepson 3161a (CaW-); Hazel Green, 5-6 July, 1896, Jepson 44m (Calif.) ; Lake Merced, Yosemite Park, 13 July, 1911, Jepsm 44^9 (Calif.); Yosemite Valley, 22 June, 1911, Ahrams 44^4 (Stanford); Yosemite VaUey, 4-12 July, 1901, G. B. Grant 4242 (Stanford) ; Yosemite Valley, 12 June, 1891, Friichey 25 (M) ; near Wawona, 15 June, 1891, FrikJiey 86 (M); Graveyard Meadow, Fresno Co., i» Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1514a (Calif.) ; bog, King's River Canon, near entrance to Bubbs Creek, 15 June, 1921, Ottley i^ (Wellesley and Cornell) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 70W ft. alt., 26 July, 1917, A, L. Grant 1175 (WeUesley, Cornell, M, Ore., Calif., and Pomona); Huntington Lake, Fresno to., 31 July, 1918, A. L. Grant 1468 (U. S., Comell, and M); rn^ Ridge, Fresno Co., 15-25 June, 1900, Hall & <^f^!^^KrZ (M and Stanford); second dry meadow creek crossing , Kem 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 229 River, 15 July, 1895, Dudley 687 (Stanford) ; near Methusaleh Big Tree, region of Middle Tule River, 28 July, 1895, Dudley 921 (Stanford); wet places, woods near Middle Tule River, 5000-6000 ft. alt., Apr.-Sept., 1897, Putins 5619 (M); Round Meadow, Tulare Co., July, 1902, G. B. Grant 1930 (Stanford); Round Meadow, Giant Forest, 24 June-2 July, 1900, Jepson 680a (Calif.); Freeman Creek, Kern River, 7000 ft. alt., 28 June, 1912, Jepson 4883 (Calif.) ; Kern River Canon, 6500 ft. alt., 6 July, 1912, Jepson 4980 (Calif.) ; Inverness, Marin Co., 13 Aug., 1922, Jepson 9803 (Cornell); Swanton, Santa Cruz Co., 1912, Rich (Stanford) ; San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., 31 Aug., 1917, F. Grinnell, Jr. (Stanford); Swartout Canyon, desert slopes of San Gabriel Mts., 6500 ft. alt., 5 July, 1908, Ahrams & McGregor 648 (Stanford); Swartout Canyon, San Antonio Mts., 6800 ft. alt., 3-6 June, 1900, H. M. Hall 1623 (Stanford) ; moist places, San Bernardino Mts., 14 July, 1899, H. M. Hall 1292 (M and R. Mt.) ; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., Aug., 1882, Parish & Parish 1463 (M); wet bank near Strawberry Flat, San Bernardino Mts., 5500 ft. alt., 21 June, 1916, Pansh 10952 (Stanford); Little Bear Valley, San Ber- nardino Mts., Aug., 1884, Parish istribution : British Columbia and Washington. Specimens examined : ^tish Columbia: Vancouver Island, 1859-60, Wood (G). Washington: Columbia River, Scouler 182 (G and N. Y.); Cascade Mts. to Fort Coville on Oregon Boundary Com- niission, I860, Lyall (G). 234 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 M. ahinoides is most closely related to M. Pwfei/erae with which it has often been confused. The unequal calyx-teeth, 2 of which are truncate and longer than the 3 triangular-acute upper ones, distinguish this species from any other Mimulus except M. pachystylus. 1 ) 49. M. pachystylus Grant^ A low creeping perennial; stems 1-3 dm. long, viscid-pilose, with long soft hairs, prostrate, rooting freely from the nodes, 1-3 dm. long ; leaves broadly ovate, 1-3 cm. long, .5-2 cm. wide, acute, coarsely dentate, pinnately-nerved, thick and usually glabrous, petioles short, viscid-pilose; flowers axillary, pedicels shorter than the leaves, densely viscid-pilose; calyx broadly campanulate, 9-10 mm. long, nearly glabrous, teeth short, broadly truncate, mucronate, the 2 upper teeth longer than the 3 lower ones, sometimes with smaller teeth in between, throat oblique; corolla bilabiate, 1.3-1.4 cm. long, broadly funnelfonn apparently yellow, tube broad, included, throat slightly ex- serted, ampliate, with two densely bearded ridges below the lower lip, lobes unequal, broad, rounded; stamens glabrous included, the upper pair sometimes longer than the style, anthers joined at least half their length; style glabrous, much thickened, sometimes with a swollen base, stigma-lobes broad, rounded, laciniate, equal; capsule ovate, attenuate, placentae adherent to the apex; seeds oval, apiculate at one end, favose areolate. Distribution: known only from Chiapas, Mexico. Specimens examined: Chiapas: Cerro del Boqueron, Aug., 1913, Purpus 7015 (U. o- and M, type). * Mimulus pachystylus Grant, sp. nov,, perennis repens; caulibus viscido-p » prostratis, 1-3 dm. longis; foliis late ovatis, acutis, crasse dentatis, 1-3 cm. w^B^ laminibus crassis, fere glabris; petiolis brevibus, pUosis, pediculis foliis ^^^^^g' dense viscido-pilosis ; calyce prope glabro, 9-10 mm. longo, dentibus b^e^^^^^ duobua supremis tribus inferioribus longioribus; corollae labiis inaequalibus 1- '^, cm. longis; staminibus glabris; stylo glabro, crasso, stigmae laciniis aeqiw ^^ capsula ovata, attenuata.— Collected at Cerro del Boqueron, Aug., 1913, C- A. pus 7015 (U. S. Nat. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., no. 741579, type)- 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGBAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULTTS 235 50. M. Dudley! Grant* PI. 4, fig. 2. Stems 8-15 cm. high, viscid-villous; leaves thin, broadly ovate, 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute, saliently dentate, truncate or rounded at the base, light green above and frequently tinged with red below, pinnately- veined, sparsely villous; pedicels slender, almost filiform, villous, longer than the leaves, erect in flower, > spreading in fruit; calyx campanulate, 6-7 mm. long, usually tinged with red, densely viscid-villous with long white hairs, slightly inflated and broadly oval in fruit, constricted at the orifice, teeth equal, triangular-acute, ciliate, 2 mm. long; corolla somewhat bilabiate, 1.7-2.2 cm. long, yellow, tube cylindrical, almost twice as long as the calyx, throat very short, abruptly expanding to the broad spreading unequal lobes, 4-8 mm. long, the lower lip longer than the upper one and closely streaked with red toward the throat; stamens glabrous, included in the tube and inserted near its base; style little longer than the stamens, stigma-lips equal ; capsule oblong, acute, shorter than the calyx- tube, placentae firmly adherent ; seeds oval, slightly papillate. Distribution: known only from Tulare Co., California. Specimens examined: California: rocky cliffs east of the Tule River, Tulare Co., 27 March, 1897, Dudley (Stanford, type); Tulare Co., April, 1897, Davy (Pomona). 51. M. Parishii Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 108. 1885; Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 450. 1886; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 366. 1904, and ed. 2, 336. 1917. A stout, erect, densely glandular-villous annual; stem 1.5-4 ^- high, simple or mostly branching from the base; leaves ovate lanceolate-oblong, 1.5-5 cm. long, .3-1.7 cm. wide, clasping a broad sessile base, kregularly dentate, obscurely 3-nerved, grayish-green; inflorescence paniculate; pedicels slender, shorter » Miniulus Dudley! Grant, sp. nov., caulis viscido-villosus, 8-15 cm. longus calyce longa, ibus — Collected cliffs east of the Tule River, Tulare Ck)., 27 March, 1897, W. R. DwUey 21830, ttpe). 8 late ovatis, acutis, petiolatis, acute dentatis ; pediculis f oliis longionbus ^- longo, dentibus triangulari-acutis, aequalibus; corolla 1.7-2.2 mm laciniis latis, inaequaUbus, labio inferiore rubro-lineato ; stamini ; stigmae laciniis aequalibus ; oapsula jnclusa, oblonga.— Collec 236 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 than the leaves, erect, somewhat spreading ; calpc oblong, mem- branaceous, pale grayish-green, 8-9 mm. long, fruiting calyx 1-1.2 cm. long, not inflated, teeth short, 1-2 mm. long, equal, broadly deltoid-acute, the margins sparsely glandular-ciliate ; corolla pale pink to rose or lilac, rarely white, 1-1.3 cm. long, tube and throat included, lobes subequal, exserted, erect, truncate or roimded and slightly erose; stamens included, glabrous; style and stigma slightly exserted, glabrous; stigma-lips unequal, oblong; capsule included, cha^^taceous ; seeds oblong, smooth, apiculate at each end. Distribution : along streams in the desert mountain regions of southern California. Specimens examined : California: Cox's Ranch, Mohave River, Aug., 1882, Parish & Parish 1465 (U. S., F, Calif., and Stanford, type collection); Rock Springs, north side of San Bernardino Mts., June, 1886, Parish 1^60 (U. S. and Greene); Rock Springs, north side of San Bernardino Mts., 13 June, 1888, Parish (U. S.); Rock Springs, borders of Mohave Desert, June, 1886, Parish (Calif.); Rock Creek, 1 Aug., 1901, Davidson (Stanford); Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mts., 4750 ft. alt., 16 June, 1918, Pimon 199 (Calif.) ; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mts., 3800 ft. alt., 2-4 July, 1908, Abrams & McGregor 659 (U. S. and Stanford); Los Angeles Co., June, 1884, Nevin 1068 (G); Big Meadows, San Bernardino Mts., 7000 ft. alt., 26 July, 1906, H. M. Hall 7571 (M, R. Mt., and Calif.) ; river banks, Victorville, 25 June, 1915, Pansh 10537 (G and Stanford); Pabn Canon, near Mt. San Jacinto, 22 May, 1901, Jepson 1^02 (Calif.); wet ground, Coyote Hole, Little San Bernardino Mts., 3000 ft. alt., 6 May, 1922, Munz & Johnston 5202 (Pomona); wet sandy wash Smith Water Canyon, near Quail Springs, Little San Bernar- dino Mts., 7 May, 1922, Munz iSt Johnston 5215 (Pomona). Mexico : Lower California: San Rafael, northern Lower CaUfornia, 19 Sept., 1884, Orcutt (M). 52. M. Lewisii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 427, pi. ^0. 181^1 Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10: 370. 1»^' r 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 237 Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 98. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 566. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ : 276. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 108. 1885; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 519. 1901; Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 508. 1906; Fl. South- east Wash, and Adj. Idaho, 227. 1914; Nelson in Coulter & Nelson, Manual Cent. Rocky. Mountains, 453. 1909; Hall, Yosemite Fl. 222. 1912. PI. 8, fig. 2. M. Lewisii var. exsertus Coult. & Fisher in Bot. Gaz. 18: 302. 1893. M. roseus Dougl. in Bot. Reg. pi 1591, 1833; Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi 1976. 1833; Hook, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 8 : pi SS5S. 1834; D. Don, Brit. Flower Gard. 4: pi 210, 1835. M. roseus var. glahriar Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 100. 1840. M. Lewisii var. tetonensis A. Nels. in Bot. Gaz. 34: 31. 1902. M. Lewisii var. alba Henry, Fl. Brit. Columbia, 268. 1915. M. Lewisii f. tetonensis (Nels.) Macb. & Pays, in Contr. Gray Herb. N. S. 49 : 67. 1917. Stems from a running rootstock, erect, 3-7.5 dm. high, mostly simple, the whole plant more or less viscid-pubescent ; leaves thin, oblong or oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 2.5-7 cm. long, 1-2.7 cm. wide, 3-5-nerved from the base, irregularly dentate with short subulate teeth, occasionally almost entire, sessile by a broad base; pedicels erect, usually much longer than the leaves; calyx tubular or somewhat campanulate, often tinged or dotted ^th red, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, sharply angled, teeth mostly equal, broadly triangular at the base, becoming subulate, 4-6 mm. long ; corolla 3.3-5.5 cm. long, rose-red to pale pink, with darker lines down the throat, often more or less blotched with red, occasion- ally white or yellowish-white, lobes rounded, erose or sometimes emarginate, nearly equal and little spreading, 8-10 mm. long, tube exserted, yellow or white below the lower lip, throat am- pUate, sparingly bearded, sometimes spotted; stamens included, anthers more or less villous on the back with narrow, flattened ^^, filaments glabrous ; style slightly longer than the stamens, stigma-hps broad and rounded; capsule oblong, included; seeds oblong, longitudinally wrinkled. ^^tribution: conmion along streams above 4000 ft. alt., from tae Rocky Mountain states west to British Columbia and Call- [Vol. 11 238 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN fomia. The type was collected by Meriwether Lewis on the Lewis & Clark Expedition. Specimens examined: Alberta: Glacier track, Alberta, 21 July, 1901, Waldron 142 (R. Mt.). British Colmnbia : Burnt Woods, Spillimacheen Valley, 6600 ft. alt., 3 Aug., 1904, Shaw 434 (M and R. Mt.); by a rivulet, alpine meadow in the Big Bend District, 6000 ft. alt., 24 July, 1905, Shaw 984 (M); west of Skagit River, 17 Aug., 1905, Macaun 76792 (Pomona) ; Chilliwack Valley, 29 June, 1901, Macoun 54485 (M); Griffin Lake, 6 July, 1890, Macoun (M); Glacier, July, 1896, Dudley (Stanford) ; Glacier, Asulkan Valley, 4100-6000 ft, alt., 19 July, 1906, S. Brown 588 (Phil, and M). Montana: Spanish Peaks, 20 July, 1901, Vogel (R. Mt.); stream margins, Sourdough Canon, near Bozeman, 6000 ft. alt., 11 July, 1905, Blankinship 390 (M); Granite Park, 6200 ft. alt., Aug., 1910, Kirkwood£8, 29 (M and Pomona) ; Bozeman Canon, 6000-7000 ft. alt., 27 July, 1898, Blankinship (M); Helena, July, 1892, Starz (M) ; stream beds, Yellowstone Lake shore, 8000 ft. alt., 1 Aug., 1907, Essig (Pomona); Mountain Pass, Sperry Glacier, 1 Sept., 1903, Umbach 796 (Stanford); Mac- Dougal Peak, 31 July, 1908, Clemens (Stanford); Summit, Swan Mts., 6500 ft. alt., 5 Aug., 1906, Elrod (Stanford); mountain streams, White Sulphur Springs, 6500 ft. alt., 16 July, 1883, Scribner 189 (Phil); Summit, Great Northern Railway, 25 July, 1894, R. S. Williams (R. Mt.). Wyoming: wet banks, Little Goose Canon, Sheridan Co., 28 July, 1901, Nelson 8523 (Cornell, M, and R. Mt.); near stony water courses, Centennial, Albany Co., 7 Aug., 1900, Nelson 6276 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona) ; in creeks, Bridger Peak, Carbon Co., 22 Aug., 1903, Goodding 1956 (M and R. Mt.); Centennial Valley, 16 July, 1895, Nelson 1672 (Cornell, R. Mt-, and M); borders of alpme brooks, 1873, Parry 212 (m Saratoga, 11 June, 1892, Buffum 702 (R. Mt.); Teton Peaks, 21 Aug., 1894, Nelsmi 3531 (R. Mt.); rocky creek bed, near Camp Fox, 13 Aug., 1899, Wilkerson 10 (R. Mt.); summit ot Teton's above Lee's Lake, 11000 ft. alt., 26 July 1901, Mem" & Wilcox 1072 (G and R. Mt.) : along stream, Teton Pas*; 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 239 12 July, 1901, Merrill & Wilcox 971 (G and R. Mt.); growing in damp soil between rocks, Willits Creek, 11 Aug., 1909, Willits36J^(R.Ui.). Idaho: near Sohons Pass, 1 Aug., 1895, Leiherg 14^4 (R. Mt. and Stanford); by running water, Trinity, Ebnore Co., 10 Aug., 1910, Machnde 571 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); Silver ' City, July, 1892, Muljard (M); Silver City, 18 July, 1910, Machride 414 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); Owyhee Mts., July, 1892, Mulfwd (M); near Sawtooth Mountain on west shore of Alturas Lake, 8000-8500 ft. alt., 26-28 July, 1896, Evermann 660 (Stanford); Wieser Forest, Indian Valley, 14 Aug., 1917, Marsh 14165 (M); Payette Forest Reserve, 1912, Mains D-70 (R. Mt.); Payette Forest Reserve, 1 Aug., 1911, Miles 206 (R. Mt.) ; base of Galena Summit, Blame Co., 12 Aug., 1916, Machride & Payson 3731 (G and R. Mt.). Utah: Rush Creek, Washington Co., 4000 ft. alt., 10 July, 1899, Jones 6486 (M) ; moist shady places, Peterson Canon, Peterson, 19 July, 1902, Pammel & Blackwood 3813 (M) ; near Clayton Peak, Wasatch Mts., 9000 ft. alt., 12-26 Aug., 1903, Stokes (M); Wasatch Mts., Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Co., 21 Aug., 1905, Garrett 1645 (Phil.); Alta, Aug., 1879, Jones (R. Mt.); Ogden, Aug., 1885, Letterman 80 (M); Bear River Canon, 8000 ft. alt., Aug., 1869, Watson (N. Y.). Nevada: Slide Mt., Washoe Co., 7500 ft. alt., 11 July, 1910, Heller 10203 (Stanford); Clear Creek Canon, Ormsby Co., 5 July, 1902, C. F. Baker 1248 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona); Rattlesnake Canyon near Lee Post Office, Elko Co., 8900 ft. alt., 25 Aug., 1908, Heller 9564 (M). Washington: slopes of Mt. Stuart, 2500-3500 ft. alt., 24 July, 1893, Sandherg & Leiberg 557 (M) ; brooks, Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, 21 July, 1907, CowUs 798 (M) ; Mt. Rainier, 6000 ft. alt., 16 Aug., 1889, E. C. Smith (M); Mt. Rainier, 4000- 6500 ft. alt., 11 Aug., 1897, Allen 276 (M and Stanford); Clallam, Olympic Mts., Aug., 1900, Elmer 2572 (M and Stan- ford); Lake Chelan, 17 Aug., 1892, Lake & Hull (M and R. ^t.) ; Wellington, Snohomish Co., July, 1898, Savage, Cameron o (Cornell, M, Ore., and Stanford) ; ravines on Truckee River. Placer Co., 10 Aug., 1884, Sonne (Stanford); ridge abov Donner Pass, 7500 ft. alt., 10 Aug., 1903, Heller 7W ^ Deam, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona); Bear VaUey, Si^| Lemmon (Stanford); Hope Valley, Alpme Co., Aug., 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 241 Hansen J^ll (M and Stanford); Bear Valley, Calaveras Co., 6000 ft. alt., Aug., 1892, Ean%e,n 462 (M and Stanford); Big Oak Flat Road, below Crocker's, 19 July, 1918, Ferris 1459 (Stanford); Conness Creek, Yosemite Park, 7800 ft. alt., 20 July, 1911, Jepson 4480 (Calif.); Yosemite, 1883, Meehan (Phil.); Mt. Hoffman, 8500 ft. alt., July, 1901, Evans (Stan- ford and Pomona) ; Chilmalua Creek, Mariposa Co., 12 Aug., 1895, Congdon (Stanford) ; Matterhorn Canon, Sierra Nevada Mts., 8800 ft. alt., 20 July, 1909, Jepson 3367 (Calif.); above Pumice Flat, Madera Co., 22 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1567 (M); Carson Pass, 8300 ft. alt., 23 Aug., 1918, Jepson 8111 (Calif.); region of Dinkey Creek, Fresno Co., 5300 ft. alt., 25 June-15 July, 1900, Hall & Chandler 352 (M and Stanford) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7200 ft. alt., 16 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1116 (M and Calif.); Daugherty Meadow, North Fork Kaweah River, 26 July, 1896, Dudley 1430 (Stanford) ; vicinity of Alta Peak, Sequoia National Park, 600Q-8000 ft. alt., 1 Aug., 1 896, Dudley 1 553 (Stanford) ; Langworthy 's near North Fork, Sierra National Forest, 16 July, 1912, Ahrams 4950 (Stanford); King's Canyon road west of Carson, 31 Aug., 1901, Steinmetz (Stanford). M. Lewisii exhibits wide variations in the size of the leaves and in the length of the corolla-tube, but in a long series of speci- inens all intermediate stages may be foimd. M. roseus Dougl. is doubtless a synonym of M. Lewisii, though the descriptions and many of the old colored plates indicate that the pedicels were shorter than the leaves. In the specimens of Douglas at the Gray Herbarium, the pedicels are longer than the leaves whereas in the one at the New York Botanical Garden some pedicels are longer and some are shorter than the leaves. This latter speci- men, together with those of M. E. Jones 6486 from Rush Creek, Utah, Rose 1310 from Oregon, and Cudck 1727 from eastern <^egon, are the only ones having short pedicels that have been seen by the writer. Occasionally white or yellowish-white flowers are collected, Merrill & Wilcox 1072, Machride & Pay son ^'^31, Suksdorf 5779, and Hansen 471 being good examples of these color forms. 242 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (Vol. 11 53. M. Eastwoodiae Rydb. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40 : 483. 1913; n. Rocky Mountains, 779. 1917. M. cardinalis Eastw. in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II. 6: 312. 1896, not Dougl. Plants usually densely woolly-'canescent; stems terete, short, more or less procumbent, from a creeping rootstock or from short stolons; leaves broadly obovate or oblong, 2-5 cm. long, .5-2 cm. wide, acute, coarsely and saliently dentate along the upper half, tapering to a broad sessile base, the lower leaves sometimes spatulate or cuneate, frequently reddish on the lower surface; flowers few, mostly solitary ; pedicels slender, usually longer than the leaves; calyx somewhat funnelform, 2.2-2.7 cm. long, teeth triangular, acute or subulate, ciliate, slightly unequal, 4-6 mm. long; corolla 3.5-4 cm. long, crimson, tube broadly funnelform, exserted less than twice its length, more or less tinged with yellow, throat ampliate, upper lip erect, lower erect or somewhat spreading, lobes nearly equal, emarginate; stamens much ex- serted, anthers yellow, densely bearded; style and stigma nearly as long as the corolla, stigma narrowly oblong to spatulate; capsule imknown. Distribution: m wet, shaded places in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. Specimens examined: Utah : along San Juan River, near Bluff, 3600-7000 ft. alt., 25-29 Aug., 1911, Rydberg & Garrett 9883 (N. Y., type, and R. Mt.); Springdale, 4000 ft. alt., 16 May, 1894, Jones 3349 (U. S. and Pomona). Arizona : abundant, but only in complete shade in wet caves or recesses imder cliffs, on wet walls, Navajo Reservation, July) 1916, Vorhies (G, N. Y., and M); Betatakin ruin, Navajo Indian Reservation, 9 July-24 Aug., 1919, Clute 128 (R. Mt. • Nevada: Wheeler's Expedition, 1872, no collector given (U* r j" This species is peculiar in producing stolons by means of whic the plant propagates itself. These stolons , according to Rydberg, freely at the nodes 54. M. primuloides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10:372. 1846;Hook.Fl.Bor. Am. 2:100. 1840; Regel, Crar- 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 243 tenfl. 21: 293, pi 739. 1872; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 99. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1: 569. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2': 279. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 446. 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad, Sci. 1: 120. 1885; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 552. 1901; Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 509. 1906; Hall in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 118. 1902; Yosemite Fl. 220. 1912; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 780. 1917; Smiley in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 331. 1921. PI. 8, fig M. pilosellus Greene in Erythea 4: 22. 1896; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 522. 1901. M. nevadensis Gdgr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 19: 218. 1919. M. primuloides var. pilosellus (Greene) Smiley in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9 : 332. 1921. A variable perennial, stoloniferous, or reproducing by smface runners or by bulbils attached to the underground stems, sub- acaulescent with radical leaves or the stems 3-10 cm. high, bearing several pairs of leaves, intemodes close together or almost as long as the leaves, glabrous or viscid-pilose with long soft hairs; leaves broadly obovate, oblong or sometimes cuneate, tapering to a narrow, somewhat connate, sessile base, 1-2.5 cm., long, 5-7 mm. broad, light green to gray-green, thin, entire or dentate, occasionally with an undulate margin, 3-5-nerved, glabrous or with long, white, j ointed hairs scattered on the upper surface ; flowers few, mostly solitary, scapose, pedicels 4-10 cm. long, glabrous, slender, elongated; calyx tubular, 4r-8 mm. long, weakly angled, glabrous, often tmged with red, teeth broadly triangular- acute, frequently mucronate, equal, mostly ciliate; corolla funnel- ^orm, .8-2 cm. long, yellow, sometimes with reddish-brown spots on the lobes and down the throat below the lower lip, tube ex- serted, less than twice as long as the calyx, throat ampliate, lobes spreading, emarginate or obcordate, the lower lip slightly longer than the upper; upper pair of stamens exserted, anthers ^id, rarely glabrous, filaments glabrous; style exserted, gla- brous, stigma-lips oblong, unequal; capsule included, placentae separating at the apex ; seeds oval, reticulate. I>istribution : growing in patches in moist meadows above 4000 ft. alt., from the Rocky Mountains to Washington, southward to southern California. 244 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GABDEN fVOL. II Specimens examined : Idaho: mossy lake margins, Trinity Lake Region, 29 Aug., 1910, Machride 665 (R. Mt.) ; very wet meadow, Cape Horn, Custer Co., 6 Aug., 1916, Machride & Pay son 3627 (M and R. Mt.). Arizona: muddy places, Thompson Ranch, Bisbee, 12 July, 1900, Goodding (G). Nevada: Snow Valley, Ormsby Co., 8 July, 1902, Baker 1277 (M and Pomona) ; Franktown, Washoe Co., 5000 ft. alt., 28 June, 1909, Heller 9786 (Phil, and Stanford). Washington: Mt. Adams, 9 Aug., 1882, Howell (M) ; alpine banks, Mt. Adams, 8 Aug., 1882, Henderson 755 (Ore.). Oregon: swampy meadows of Summit Prairie, Blue Mts., Crook Co., 8 July, 1901, CuHck 2649 (CorneU and R. Mt.); Ashland Butte, Siskiyou Mts., 19 July, 1887, Howell ms (M and Ore.); wet meadow. Crescent, Klamath Co., 20 July, 1920, Peck 9580 (M). California: Shackleford Creek, Siskiyou Co., 4000 ft. alt., 9 July, 1910, Butler 1699 {R.Mt.); along borders of mountain streams on Mt. Shasta, 6000 ft. alt., 22 Aug., 1880, Engelmann (M); near Sisson, 24 July-10 Aug., 1894, Jepson 53m (Calif.); Scott Mt., Siskiyou Co., 22 Aug., 1876, Greene (M); near Lassen Buttes, Plumas Co., 1-15 Aug., 1897, H. E. Brown 603 (M) ; Plumas Co., 1876, Austin (M) ; Prattville, Plumas Co., 9 July, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8783 (M and Stanford) ; about Summit Station, Donner Pass, Nevada Co., 20 July, 1903, Hell&r 6972 (M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona); sandy M • near Yuba River, below Cisco, Placer Co., 5500 ft. alt., 25 July, 1919, HeUer 13309 (M and Cornell); Chico Meadows, Butte Co., 4000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1914, Heller 11497 (Ore. and Stanford); Soldier's Ridge, Mendocino Co., 24 July, 1897, Jepson 52m (Calif.) ; Fallen Leaf, Eldorado Co., 21 June, 19^^^' Ottky 815 (WeUesley and Cornell) ; Tahoe Tavern, Lake Taboe, 15 July, 1909, G. B. Grant 6923 (Stanford) ; Silver Lake, Amador Co., 8000 ft. alt., July, 1892, Hansen 462 (M and Stanforaj, Summit Road near Sonora Pass, Tuolumne Co., 9000 ft. » •> 15 Aug., 1915, A. L. Grant 291 (M, R. Mt., and Calif.) ; m^^^ near MuTor Lake, Yosemite VaUey, 29 July, 1911. Abra 4571 (Stanford); vicmity of Tuolumne Meadows, SSOO-^ow 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 245 ^a ft. alt., Hall & Babcock 3533 (M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Po- mona); near Snow Flat, Yosemite Park, 8700 ft. alt., July, 1901, Evans (Pomona); Mt. Lyell, 10000 ft. alt., 16 July, 1909, Jepson 3341 (Calif.) ; near the Devil's Postpile, 21 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1563 (M); Jackass Meadow, Madera Co., 25 July, 1918, A, L. Grant 1341 (Cornell, M, and Calif.); Graveyard Meadow, Fresno Co., 18 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1512a (M); wet meadows above Mono Crossing, 5500 ft. alt., 15 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1511 (M); Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 5400 ft. alt., 15-25 June, 1900, Hall istribution : common in meadows and along damp roadsides from 2000-5000 ft. alt., throughout the Sierra Nevada Mts. 9m • f Calif onua [Vol. 11 248 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Specimens examined: California: grade between Clear Creek and Paradise, Butte Co., 12 May, 1902, Heller & Brown 5545 (Cornell, Phil., M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona) ; abundant in moist, open places, near Forest Ranch, Butte Co., 2400 ft. alt., 17 May, 1914, Heller 11338 (Cornell, M, Ore., and Stanford); De Sabla, Butte Co., June, 1917, Edwards (Stanford) ; near Cohasset, 28 May, 1915, Heller 11905 (Cornell, M, Ore., and Stanford); Sacramento River, Butte Co., 1896, Austin 163 (M); Eldorado Co., 1886, Rattan (Stanford); Amador Co., May, 1886, T. S. Brandegee (Stanford); Amador Co., May, 1886, Curran (Stanford); Rancheria, Amador Co., 2500 ft. alt., 9 June, 1896, Hansen 1729 (M and Stanford); Antelope, Amador Co., 4000 ft. alt., June, 1895, Hansen 1121 (M and Stanford); Panther Creek, Amador Co., 5000 ft. alt., May, 1895, Hansen 1122 (M and Stanford); Big Trees, Calaveras Co., 5500 ft. alt., Aug., 1892, Hansm 466 (M and Stanford) ; Big Trees, 1875, Lemmon imyi (G); Avery's Station, Calaveras Co., 13 June, 1915, A. L. Grant 3m (Cornell and Calif.); Avery's Station, Calaveras Co., 8 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 960 (M and Calif.) ; Table Mt., April, 1869, Ames (G); in shallow wash, Table Mt., above Rawhide, Tuolmnne Co., 2000 ft. alt., 11-16 April, 1919, Ferns WO (Stanford); Table Mt., near Columbia, 9 June, 1915, A. L Grant 2 (M and Stanford); Phoenix Lake, Tuolumne Co., 2000 ft. alt., 20 May, 1917, A. L. Grant 950 (Wellesley and M); hills near Sonora, 12 May, 1854, Bigelow (G) ; Yosemite foot- hills, 1872, Gray (G); near Mammoth Grove, 15 May, 1854, Bigelow (G); Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 5300 ft. alt.. Hall & Chandler 63 (M and Stanford); Esdeom Creek Redwoods, Kaweah River VaUey Region, 23 July, 1896, DudUy 1381 (Stanford); ridge between Pinehurst and Sequoia Lake, 3 June, 1921, Ottky 1431 (Wellesley and CorneU); moist rocks, railroad above Alta, Bolander (M) ; valley of the San Joaquin, Aug., 1883, Meehan (Phil.); California, without date, Parry (M) ; California, Hartweg 1892 (G, type collection), M. bicolor is a beautiful plant, often occurring in such abun- dance as to color a considerable area. One patch covering over an acre was seen by the writer near Avery's Station, Calaveras 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 249 Co., in 1915. Mature specimens may readily be distinguished by the corky calyx-ribs, a character found also in M. Bioletti. As indicated by the name, the corolla in M, bicolor is usually white and yellow, but an interesting color form, in which the corolla is deep orange, occurs in many places where the typical form is found. The following collections illustrate this variation : Sugar Pine, Tuolumne Co., 3500 ft. alt., 10 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 958 (M, G, N. Y., Calif., and Stanford) ; Wawona, Mari- posa Co., 5000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1918, il. L. Grant 1308 (Cornell, M, and Calif.); Snow Creek, Mariposa Co., 27 May, 1893, Congdon (Stanford). In the specimens of A. L. Grant 958 from Tuolumne Co., the plants were abundant in large patches and only a few specimens of typical M. bicolor grew with them ; in nearby places the two forms were in adjoining patches and in other places they were widely separated. 56. M. Biolefti Eastw. in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. III. 2: 290. 1902. An erect, glandular-pubescent annual; stems 5-15 cm. high, simple or branched; leaves few, oblanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, tapering at both ends, sessile, entire or denticulate, the spatulate basal leaves usually slender-petioled ; flowers numerous, pedicels erect, slightly longer than the subtending leaves; calyx oblong-campanulate, 7-8 mm. long, glandular- pubescent, often dotted with red, in fruit becoming somewhat inflated through the thickening of the ribs and 9-10 nam. long, ribs distinctly corky in mature specimens, teeth equal, triangular- acute, 2 mm. long, spreading, glandular-ciliate ; corolla 1.5-2 cm. long, reddish-purple with dark red blotches down each lobe and two broad yellow patches, dotted with red, below the lower lip, tube scarcely exserted, throat broad, funnelform, hairy within, ^'ith club-shaped haks on the ridges, lobes nearly equal, usually emarginate ; stamens included, anthers yellow, hispid, filaments glabrous; style sparsely pubescent; stigma reddish-purple, pel- tate-funnelform, lobes unequal, fimbriate; capsule included, ovate, acute, dehiscent down both sutures, placentae adherent to the apex ; seeds oval, f avose-areolate. Distribution : in wet, granite sand in the central Sierra Nevada ^ts., from Tuolumne Co. to Mariposa Co., California. [Vol. 11 250 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Specimens examined: California: Hetch-Hetchy Valley, June, 1900, Bioletti (Calif. and Calif. Acad. , type) ; abundant in wet places along the road- side, Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 10 June, 1916, A. L. Grant 807 (G, M, and Calif.) ; Hog Ranch, above Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 4700 ft. alt., 14 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 967 (G, Cornell, U. S., M, Calif., and Calif. Acad,); near the saw mill below Hog Ranch, Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 16 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 995 (M); Hazel Green, Coulterville, Yosemite Road, 5 July, 1896, Jepson 72m (Calif.); Malones, Mariposa Co., 30 May, 1883, Congdon (G); Malones, 17 May, 1902, Congdon (U. S.); Hoeltzel's, Mariposa Co., 3 May, 1893, Congdon (Stanford); Stockton Creek, Mariposa Co., 14 June, 1903, Congdon (M); Snow Creek, Mariposa Co., 1 June, 1890, Congdon (G). The corky ribs and more acute calyx-lobes immediately separ- ate this species from M. Palmeri with which it has been confused. A number of specimens of a white form having two yellow blotches below the lower lip were collected near Hetch-Hetchy Valley by ^. L. Grant, no. 995. These grew in two patches with the typical form along the roadside near the saw mill below Hog Ranch, Hetch-Hetchy Valley. ■m 57. M. Palmeri Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 82. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 21 : 278. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 451. 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 121. 1885; Hall in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 117. 1902; Eastwood, Fl. South Fork King's River, Sierra Club Publ. 27: 67. 1902. A sparingly glandular-pubescent annual, stem erect, 8-15 cdqu high, simple or branched; leaves linear or oblanceolate, ^•^"** cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, entire or occasionally denticulate, the upper sessile, lower sometimes short-petioled ; pedicels slender, much longer than the leaves, more or less spreading in maturity, calyx cylindrical, 7-8 mm. long, slightly angled, reddish, glabrous or minutely puberulent, slightly accrescent and not inflated, 9-10 mm. long when mature, teeth 1-1.5 mm. long, broaa, obtuse, mucronate, ciliate; coroUa 1.5-2 cm. long, funnelform tube slightly exserted, throat deep reddish-purple, with a large yellow patch, streaked with red. below the lower Up or mor t 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 251 often with 2 small oblong yellow patches, with scattered club- shaped hairs over the inner surface, lobes erect, nearly equal, rounded, erose or emarginate, reddish-purple with darker red spots at the base or sometimes pink and more or less shaded and marked with yellow; stamens included, filaments glabrous, anthers hairy ; style included, stigma-lips equal, broadly rounded ; capsule included, oblong, placentae separating at the apex; seeds oblong, favose-areolate. Distribution : southern Sierra Nevada Mts. and the mountains of southern California. Specimens examined: Calif omia: Snow Creek, Mariposa Co., 1 June, 1890, Congdon (G); Fresno Co., May, 1918, Kelley (Cornell); near Milo, Tulare Co., 24 April, 1919, Goetz 4 (G, N. Y., M, Stanford, Calif., and Calif. Acad.); MUo, 5 April, 1900, Dudley (Stan- ford); fields near Springfield, Tulare Co., 800-1000 ft. alt., 1897, Purpus 5048 (U. S. and M); near Springfield on Tule River, Tulare Co., 26 March, 1897, Dudley (Stanford) ; Kaweah River Basin, 15 AprH, 1901, Hopping 111 (Calif.); Little Bear Valley, San Bernardino Co., 5000 ft. alt., 14 June, 1906, Parish 6800 (R. Mt.); San Bernardino Mts., 1881, Parish & Parish (G); Lytle Creek Canyon, San Antonio Mts., 5800 ft. alt., 1-3 June, 1900, H. M. Hall 1U9 (M and Stanford); Hunsaker Flats, San Bernardino Mts., 8 June, 1919, Munz & Johnston 2856 (Pomona); San Bernardino Mts., May, 1881, Parish & Parish 631 (Stanford); southern California, 1876, Parry & Lemmon 308 (G, Phil, and M) ; Mohave River, 1 June, 1876, Edw. Palmer 321U (G, type, Phil., U. S., and M). 58. M. fiUcauKs Wats, in Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 125. 1891; Snuley in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9 : 335. 1921. A glandular-puberulent annual ; stem 4-8 cm. high, erect, staple, fragile; leaves few, spatulate or oblanceolate, 8-9 mm. ^ong, thin, ahnost transparent, entke, nerveless, pale yellow- Kfeen, tapering to a slender base or the lower leaves short- Petioled; pedicels filiform, 1-1.5 cm. long, erect, flowers mostly ^^^^^^^1; calyx 6 mm. long, narrowly campanulate, teeth un- ^^1, one smaller than the others, short, triangular-acute, not 252 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. H ciliate; corolla 1.8-2 cm. long, rose-color, tube yellow, exserted, slender, expanding gradually to a very broad throat and nearly erect, subequal, emarginate lobes, throat yellow, spotted with reddish-purple on the lower side and with two elongated, deep yellow patches below the middle lobe, deep reddish-maroon on the upper side, these colors spreading irregtdarly over the lobes; stamens and style glabrous, included, anthers hispid, filaments glabrous; stigma reddish-purple, the lobes unequal; capsule not seen. Distribution: known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: California: Snow Creek, Mariposa Co., 1 June, 1890, Congdon (G, type). No confirmation of this species has been made since the type was collected and more material may show that it is a shade form closely related to M. Palmeri. These specimens differ from M. Palmeri in having unequal non-ciliate calyx-teeth, which are triangular-acute instead of obtuse. The coloring somewhat resembles that of some of the color forms of M. Palmeri. 59. M. graciUpes Rob. in Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 176. 1891. A small glabrous or minutely puberulent annual; stem o-l > > cm. high, slender, simple or irregularly branched; leaves lei lanceolate or linear, 7-9 mm. long, 1-3 nun. wide, entire or denticulate, sessile, usually connivent at the base, basal leaves sometimes obovate; pedicels slender, spreading, 2 or more tun the length of the corolla; calyx campanulate, 4-5 mm. long» reddish, not strongly angled, ribs slightly thickened, teeth eqi^^ 1 mm. long, broadly obtuse, mucronate, ciliate; corolla 1- -^ cm. long, rose-purple, tube yellow, included, very short, t o narrow, cylindrical, exserted, deep maroon, more or less msJ with yellow, expanding abruptly to the bilabiate, ahnost rotftt^J spreading limb, lobes rounded, entire, the upper lip shorter ^ the lower one; stamens glabrous, included; style ^1^^^°^' ^^ eluded, stigma-lips reddish-purple, equal ; capsule oblong, o ^^^^ included, the placentae separating for nearly ^^^^ , j^j. length ; seeds oval, f avose-areolate, slightly apiculate at eac 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 253 Distribution: local in the foothills of Mariposa Co., California. Specimens examined: California: Mormon Bar, Mariposa Co., April, 1889, Congdon (G, TYPE, and Calif.); Bootjack Ranch, Mariposa Co., April, 1892, Congdon (Stanford); cliffs, Mariposa Creek, 19 April, 1903, Congdon (M); Mormon Bar, Mariposa Co., 3 May, 1896, Congdon (N. Y. and Calif.); Mormon Bar and east, April, 1888 and 1889, Congdon (Stanford). 60. M. androsaceus Curran ex Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 121. 1885; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 405. 1901, and ed. 2, 378. 1911. M. Palmeri var. androsaceus (Curran) Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2,21 :Suppl. 451. 1886. A small, nearly glabrous annual; stem 4-10 cm. high, simple or branched; leaves few, sessile, ovate-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, obtuse, entire or obscurely toothed, thick, 1-nerved, the lower leaves with a broad, somewhat cordate-clasping base; pedicels slender, reddish, spreading horizontally, the ends curved upwards, 3-4 times as long as the leaves ; calyx reddish, 6-7 mm. long, lightly angled, teeth equal, short, broad, somewhat truncate, mucronate, not ciliate ; corolla 8-9 mm. long, deep reddish-purple, tube nar- row, included, throat short, funnelform, lobes equal, truncate, little spreading, entire; stamens glabrous, upper pair exserted; style exserted, glabrous, stigma-lips equal; capsule included, broadly ovate, placentae separatmg at the apex; seeds oval, favose-areolate. Distribution: in the mountains at Tehachapi, California. Specimens examined: California: Tehachapi, May, 1884, Curran (Stanford) ; Tehachapi, June, 1884, Curran (G, Phil., Calif., and Stanford, type col- lection) . This species has been generally confused with M. Palmeri from which it can be distinguished by its small corolla with equal and entire lobes, its glabrous anthers, its glabrous, nearly truncate calyx-teeth with a mucronate point, and its more spreading and longer pedicels. [Vol. U 254 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 61. M. diffusus Grant^ PI. 5, fig. 1. A low diffusely branched annual ; steins 7-20 cm. long, minutely puberulent; leaves oblong, ovate or lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, irregularly dentate, sessile, the basal leaves petioled and usually rosulate; pedicels slender, minutely puber- ulent, 3-5 times as long as the leaves, usually spreading horizon- tally with the ends curved upwards in mature specimens; calyx oblong-campanulate, 5-7 mm. long, weakly angled, more or less colored with red, the ribs green, frequently tinged and tipped with red, usually thickened, especially at the base, teeth mostly glabrous, short, broadly obtuse, almost truncate, mucronate; coroUa 1.3-1.7 cm. long, rose-red, tube slender, exserted, yellow, expanding gradually to the reddish-purple narrowly fimnelform throat, often marked with yellow patches or spots, lobes equal, emarginate, little spreading, more or less irregularly marked with reddish-purple or yellow and with club-shaped hairs scattered over the inner surface; stamens included, anthers yellow, gla- brous, filaments pubescent, slender, flattened; style pubescent, included, stigma tinged with rose-red, Ups equal, rounded, fimbriate; capsule oblong, included, placentae separating at the apex; seeds oval, favose-areolate. Distribution: arid regions of Riverside Co., and San Diego Co., Cahfornia, and in Lower California. Specimens examined: California: Tahquitz trail near Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mts., 8 July, 1921, Spencer 862 (Pomona CoU. Herb.); dry hillside, south of Tuscalata Creek, Riverside Co., 30 April, 1922, Munz 5185 (Pomona) ; Rice Canyon, Santa Ana Mts., River- side Co., 24 April, 1923, Baer (Pomona); wet sand along stream, Kenworthy, Thomas Valley, San Jacinto Mts., 4800 ft. alt., 20 May, 1922, Munz & Johnston 5467 (Pomona); Palomar, 29 May, 1901, Jepson & Hall 1969 (U. S., M, ttpe, and Stanford) ; meadow at east base of Morgan Hill, Palomar, » Mimtilus di£fusus Grant, sp. nov., annuus; caulibus 7-20 cm. ^°°P' '^'^l foliis oblongia, ovatis lanceolatisve, 1-2 cm. longis, 3-7 mm. latis; P®**^ , . g.j 7 bus, foliis 3^plo longioribus; calyce infirme angulato tincto rubro; corolla l- ^^ cm. longa, rosea; antheris glabris, filamentis pubescentibus.— Collected at Faw » San Diego Co., 29 May, 1901, W. L. Jepson & H. M. Hall 1959 (U. S. Nat. iie ■• Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., no. 112584, type, and Stanford Univ. Herb.). 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 255 San Diego Co., 24 June, 1920, Pierson (Pomona); Kootka, Palomar, 17 May-1 June, 1901, Jepson 1524 (Calif .); Elsinore, 25 April, 1892, McClatchie 96 (Stanford); Cottonwood Creek, April, 1905, T. S. Brandegee (Calif.); vicinity of Santa Ysabel, 25 April, 1893, Henshaw 100 (U. S.); Witch Creek, San Diego Co., 1 May, 1893, Henshaw (G); mountains near Campo, April, 1889, Orcutt (U. S.); Cuyamaca Mts., 1880, Vasey 468 (U. S.) ; Colorado Desert, San Diego Co., April, 1889, Orcutt (M and U. S.). Mexico : Lower California: Japa, 5 July, 1884, Orcutt (G, N. Y., and Calif.); Guadaloupe Mt., 1 June, 1883, Orcutt 845 (M). M. diffusus has been distributed as M. Palmeri but it may be recognized by its diffuse branching habit, its long horizontally spreading pedicels, its glabrous calyx-teeth and its pubescent style. . M. purpureus Grant PL 5, fig. 2. Stem stout, 7-10 cm. high, glandidar-pubescent, simple or with a few basal branches; leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, sessile, clasping, entire or minutely toothed, indistinctly 3-5-nerved, intemodes shorter than the leaves; pedicels 3-5 times as long as the leaves, slender, erect or little spreading, glabrous; calyx glabrous, oblong, 6-7 mm. *o^g; slightly inflated and 7-8 mm. long when mature, teeth equal, broadly obtuse or nearly truncate, mucronate, 1 mm. Jong; corolla 1.3-1.5 cm. long, reddish-purple, tube narrow, slightly exserted, throat short, funnel-form, lobes unequal, the upper erect, roimded and shorter than the lower spreading, emar- &nate ones; stamens included, anthers deep reddish-purple, glabrous, filaments pubescent; style pubescent, stigma-lobes rounded, equal, fimbriate; capsule oblong, included, dehiscent to "le base along both sutures, placentae separated at the apex; seeds oval, reticulate. ^^^^"s purpureus Grant, sp. nov., caules crassi, 7-10 cm. longi, glanduloso- P wscentes, plerumque simplices; foliis oblongis lanceolatisve, obtusis, 1-1.5 cm. »gi8, sessilibus, internodiis foliis brevioribus; calyce 6-7 mm. longo; corolla 1.3- cm. longa, purpureo-rubra, laciniis inaequalibus; antheria glabris, eiamentis im^^ P^^>«scentibu8.— Collected in Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., June, *^» S. B. A W. F. Parish 1862 fStanford Univ. Herb. no. 74177, ttpe). / [Vol. 11 256 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Distribution: known only from southern California. Specimens examined: California: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., June, 1886, Parish & Parish 1862 (Stanford, type); Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., 6800 ft. alt., 10 June, 1922, Mum 5651 (Pomona) ; Grant Creek, San Bernardino Mts., 3 June, 1901, Parish 4903 (Stanford); dry ground near Lake, Big Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., 6500 ft. alt., 4 July, 1920, Harwood 4349 (Pomona); San Jacinto, 1892, Gregory (Calif.). This species has been confused with M. Palmeri from which it may be separated by its short leafy stems, its short intemodes, and the numerous very long, erect pedicels. 62a. Var. pauzillus Grant^ Plants much smaller than the species and less branched, the stems 1-3 cm. long ; pedicels mostly erect, usually longer than the rest of the plant ; calyx 3-4 mm. long, campanulate, not angled, more strikingly colored red and green than in the species, teeth with a scarious margin, rarely mucronate; corolla 1-1.4 cm. long, more or less spotted and tinged with yellow, the tube very slender. Distribution : known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: Mexico : Lower California: San Pedro Martir, 15 May, 1893, T. S. Bran- degee (G, type, and U. S.). ,. The dwarf size of this variety and the color of the calyx dis- tinguish it from any closely related species. 63. M. exiguus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 307. 1885; Syn- Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 451. 1886; Greene in Bull CaW. Acad. Sci. 1: 122. 1885; Conzatti & Smith, Fl. Sin. Mex. U'- 1897. A low glabrous annual with very slender, erect, reddish stem^ 3-10 cm. high, simple or more often dififusely branched; leav 1 Mimolus purpureus var. pauxUlus Grant, var. nov., herbae minoreB; ^^^^ 1-3 cm. longis; pediculis pleramque canlibus longioribiis ; calyce 3-4 torn- ^^^^ non angxilato; corolla 1-1.4 cm. longa.— CoUected at San Pedro J^^""'jjgjb.)- CaUfomia, 15 May, 1893, T. S. Brandegee (Gray Herb., type, and U. S. Nat. 19241 GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 257 few, linear or spatulate, 3-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, entire or obscurely denticulate ; flowers minute, numerous, appearing from near the base; pedicels elongated, filiform, spreading, 3 to 4 times as long as the leaf; calyx campanulate, glabrous, 2 mm. long, very weakly angled, scarcely sulcate, much distended by the capsule in fruit and completely filled by it, teeth eqxial, ovate, acute, about one- third as long as the calyx; corolla fumielform, 3 mm. long, pink to rose-red, little exserted, lobes equal, short, erect, rounded, emarginate; stamens exserted, the upper pair ahnost as long as the corolla, glabrous; style and stigma exserted, glabrous, often slightly longer than the corolla, stigma deep pink, infundibuliform, lobes unequal, oblong; capsule ovate, acute, longer than the calyx, placentae separating at apex; seeds oval, apiculate at both ends, faintly reticulate. Distribution: mountains of southern California and Lower California. Specimens examined: California: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., 6000 ft. alt., June, 1886, Parish 1852 (Stanford). Mexico : Lower California: Hansen's Ranch, northern Lower California, 6000 ft. alt., 9 July, 1884, Orcutt 1198 (G, type, M, and Calif.) ; mountains, northern Lower California, 5 July, 1884, Orcutt (CaUf . ) . 64. M. discolor Grant ^ Dwarf glandular-pubescent plants, the simple or branched stems 3-12 cm. long, very slender; leaves in few pairs, sessile, linear or spatulate, .3-1.5 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, obtuse, entire; pedicels filiform, mostly longer than the leaves, often deflexed when mature; calyx campanulate, 4-9 mm. long, tinged with red * Mimulus discolor Grant, glanduloso-pubescente : foliis annuae nanae __ linearibus spatulatisve, obtusis, sessilibus, integer f^w; pediculis tenuibus; calyce infirme angulato, dentibus late triangulari-acutis corolla 1.2-2 cm. longa, plerumque flava, plus minusve rubro tincta maculosave ■Jiquando nibro-purpurea, tubo tenui, exserto; staminibus inclusis, antheris hisoidia «yIo exserto, stigmae laciniis inaequalibus.— Collected on gravelly slopes r 7000-8000 ft. alt., April -September, 1897, C ««^ M« T^nf Hftra. Herb. no. 106746. TTFE) 258 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 1 1 or maculate, weakly angled, teeth equal or subequal, broadly deltoid, acute, 1 mm. long, margins hispid; corolla 1.2-2 cm. long, mostly yellow, more or less tinged or dotted and lined with red or occasionally deep reddish-purple, tube slender, exserted, throat ampliate, funnelform, orifice densely bearded with short club-shaped hau-s, two bands of them continuing down the throat on the lower side, upper lobes rounded, usually entire, lower lobes longer, somewhat spreading, entire or emarginate ; stamens included, anthers sparingly hispid, filaments pubescent; style glabrous, exserted, stigma-lips unequal, broadly rounded ; capsule included, oblong, placentae tardily separating at the apex; seeds oval. Distribution : open places in the Upper Transition and Cana- dian zones of the central Sierra Nevada Mts., California. Specimens examined: California: traH to Belle Meadow, Tuolumne Co., 12 July, 1915, Jepson 6489b (Cahf.) ; Wawona, Mariposa Co., 4300 ft. alt., 1 July, 1911, Jepson 4310 (Cornell); Home Camp Creek, Hun- tington Lake, Fresno Co., 18 July, 1918, A. L. Grant Wla (Cornell); trail to NeUie Lake, Fresno Co., 8000 ft. alt., H July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1080 (M and Cahf .) ; Huntington Lake, 6 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1024 (CorneU, M, Calif., Stanford, and Pomona) ; in sandy spots, Pittman Creek above Hunting- ton Lake, 8000 ft. alt., 27 July, 1918, A. L. Grant 1480 (CorneU, M, and Calif.); Sequoia National Park, July, 1908, Davidson (Davidson) ; General Grant National Park, 10 June ; OtUey 1455 (CorneU and M); Markwood Meadows, Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 5900 ft. alt., 15-25 June, 1900, Hall & Chandler 3S9 (M and Calif.) ; near Brown Meadows, Tulare Co., 7000 ft. alt., 18 June, 1904, Hall & Chandler 5155h, 5155c (Cahf.); plateau country about Mt. Silliman, 7000 ft. alt., 3-4 July, 1900, Jepson 717 (Calif.); gravelly slopes, Pah Vie Peak, 7000-8000 ft. alt., April-Sept., Purpus 5311 (M, type, and U. S.) ; Greenhorn Range, Kern Co., 6000 ft. alt., 2-10 June, 1904, Hall (fc Bahcock 5050 (Calif.); Kernville, 13 May, 1891, T. S. Brandegee (Calif.). 65. M. montioides Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 380. 1867, 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 259 mainly; Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2»: Suppl. 450. 1886; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 115. 1885; Smiley in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9 : 337. 1921. M. rubellus var. latiflorus Wats, in Bot. King's Exp. 225. 1871; Gray in Bot. Calif. 1: 568. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2': 278. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886. . . M. rubellus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 99. 1876, as to size of corolla; Bot. Calif. 1 : 568. 1876, as to size of coroUa. Plant glandular-pubescent or finely viscid-puberulent ; stems 1-8 cm. high, simple and erect or more often branched somewhat freely from the base; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.2-2.5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, sessile by a broad base, the lower leaves spatulate, lanceolate, obtuse, usually sessile, 1-3-nerved, entire; flowers mostly numerous and flowering from near the base, pedicels slender, .5-2.5 cm. long, spreading little when mature; calyx narrowly tubular, 5-6 mm. long, more or less tinged with red, teeth equal, short, usually less than 1 mm. long, broadly ovate, rounded at the apex and mucronate, ciliate; corolla 1-1.8 cm. long, yellow, often tinged or spotted with red, tube slender, exserted about one-half its length, expanding abruptly to a short, funnelform throat and spreading bilabiate limb, bearded on the lower side, limb 1-1.7 cm. in diameter, the margins rounded, often undulate; upper pair of stamens slightly longer than the throat, the filaments sparsely glandular-pubescent above, anthers glabrous; style exserted, the stigma broadly peltate-funnelform, lobes obovate, equal; capsule included, oval, compressed, acute, placentae separating for nearly half their length; seeds oval, about 11/^ times as long as broad, reticulate. -Distribution : moist places in Nevada and in the high southern Sierra Nevada Mts., California. Specunens examined: Nevada: moist places near Carson City, March-May, 1863, Anderson 73 (G); near Carson City, 5000 ft. alt., Apr., 1865, WaUon 790 (G) ; near Carson City, 1865, Anderson (G, N. Y., and U.S.). California: high southern Sierras, collection of 1864, Brewer '^785 with" (G, TYPE, and U. S.). [Vol. 11 260 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 66. M. deflexus Wats, in Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 84. 1889; Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 171. 1893. M. harbatits Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 9. 1884. Dwarf, sparsely pubemlent annuals; stem 3-8 cm. high, erect, simple or sometimes closely branched; leaves few, sessile, ob- lanceolat^ or linear, 4-17 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, obtuse, more or less glandular-pubescent, the basal leaves spatulate and short- petioled; pedicels filiform, at least twice as long as the leaves, often enlarged at the base and spreading horizontally in mature specimens; calyx minutely glandular-pub erulent, 4 mm. long, oblong-campanulate, reddish, the ribs more or less thickened and sometimes colored red or yellow, 5 mm. long in fruit, slightly distended by the mature capsule, teeth ovate, rounded, one-fourth as long as the calyx, obtuse, mucronate, or sometimes longer and acute; corolla bilabiate, 1-1.5 cm. long, slender, tubular- funnelform, tube yellow, twice as long as the calyx, throat short and broad, with long hairs scattered over the inner surface, lobes unequal, narrow, bifid or deeply emarginate, the upper lip deep reddish-purple, erect, usually longer than the spreading lower lip, the latter yellow and more or less spotted or streaked with red or the corolla occasionally yellow streaked with red; stamens flattened, the longer pair slightly exserted, sometimes with pubescent filaments, anthers glabrous; style glabrous, yel- low, exserted, stigma-lips unequal, rounded, fimbriate; capsule oblong, included, placentae separating nearly to the middle; seeds favose-areolate, about as long as broad. Distribution: in granite sand around meadows in the mg" Sierra Nevada Mts., Tulare Co., California. Specimens examined: California : drier edges of low wet places in Long Meadow, Tulare Co., June, 1886, Edw, Palmer 176 (G, type, and M); in safidy soil around meadow. Long Meadow, Tulare Co., 14 June, 1904, Hall & Babcock 6107 (G, M, R. Mt., Ore., Stanford, 8^ Pomona); near Brown Meadow, Tulare Co., 7000 ft. al*-' 18 June, 1904, Hall & Babcock 5155 (G, Calif., and Stanford}, Templeton Mt., near Kern Peak, 8700 ft. alt., 5 J^^' !^^' Jepson 4968 (Cornell and Calif.) ; Rock Creek near Mt. Wmt- ney, 9600 ft. alt., 20 July, 1912, Jepson 5038 (Calif.); Cotton- 1924) GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 261 wood Creek, 10500 ft. alt., 23 July, 1912, Jepsm 5058 (M and Calif.); Cannell Meadows, southeastern Tulare Co., 7000 ft. alt., 15 June, 1904, Hall & Babcock 5113, 5113h and 511Sc (Calif.); sandy places, Whitney Meadows, 9000-11000 ft. alt., Aug., 1895, Purjms 1372 (Calif.). A variable species, presenting interesting color forms. It is related to M, montioides but can be separated from that species by its general habit and by its narrow corolla-lobes which are deeply emarginate, the upper lip erect and the lower spreading. 780. 1917. 67. M. Brewer! (Greene) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4 : 171. 1893; Hall, Yosemite Fl. 223. 1912; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Northwest Coast, 324. 1915; Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mountains, PI. 9, fig. 1. Eunanus Brewen Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:101. 1885 ; HoweU, Fl. Northwest Am. 519. 1903. Mimulus ruhellus Gray in Bot. Calif. 1: 568. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 278. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 451. 1886, as far as the description is drawn from a "viscid puberulent" plant. Stem 2-15 cm. high, simple or with numerous ascending branches, the whole plant glandular-puberulent or pubescent; leaves oblong or linear, 1-2 cm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, obtuse, entire or indistinctly toothed, tapering to a short, slender petiole or more often sessile, l-nerved ; flowers numerous, pedicels slender, 2-10 mm. long, usually longer than the calyx; calyx cylindrical, slightly spreading at the top, 4-8 mm. long, often reddish or spotted with red, more or less distended by the mature capsule or sometimes with ribs slightly corky when mature, teeth nearly equal or the upper tooth somewhat longer, 1-2 mm. long, broadly triangular-acute; corolla funnelform, 6-10 mm. long, pale pink to rose-red or red, glabrous externally, Httle exceeding the calj-x, tube mostly included, throat short, with few scattered hairs, sometimes with 2 yellow lines below the lower lip, spreading ^ghtly, the lobes subequal, entire or emarginate, often with a red spot near the base of each; stamens exserted, imequal, not approximate, glabrous; style glabrous, nearly as long as the Upper pair of stamens, or occasionally mcluded and shorter than the 262 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 stamens, stigma-lips unequal, funnelf orm, the upper lip spatulate, rounded, the lower truncate, less than one-half as long as the upper; capsule about as long as the calyx, oblong, acute, the placentae separating at the apex but firmly adherent below; seeds about twice as long as broad, apiculate, reticulate. Distribution: growing mostly in sandy soil along the edges of damp places or where water has been standing but has evaporated. Common from Idaho to British Columbia and down the coast into southern California. Specimens examined : Wyoming: Lewis River, Yellowstone Nat'l. Park, 9 Aug., 1899, Nelson & Nelson 6371 (R. Mt.). Idaho: damp loamy swales, Silver City, Owyhee Co., 7000 ft. alt., 15 July, 1910, Macbride 404 (M and R. Mt.); ridges south from Wiesner's Peak, 26 July, 1895, Leiberg 1365 (M); moist earth patch on granitic rock, Sawtooth Peaks, Blaine Co., 9 August, 1916, Macbride & Payson 3703 (R. Mt.). British Columbia: west of Sophie Mt., near International Boun- dary between Kettle and Colimabia Rivers, 5000 ft. alt., 10 July, 1902, Macmn 67855 (Cornell, M, and Pomona). Washington : Mt. Rainier, 1906, Carpenter 53 (M) ; on damp rocks, Mt. Paddo, 6000-7000 ft. alt., 28 June, 1885, Suksdorf (M). Nevada: head of Fall Creek, Ormsby Co., 21 Aug., 1902, C. F. Baker 1510 (Pomona). Oregon: in Union Co., 1884, Cusich (G). California: Shackleford Creek, Upper Campbell Lake, Siskiyou Co., 4000 ft. alt., 9 July, 1910, Butler 1733 (R. Mt. and Stan- ford) ; northeastern Shasta Co., 4300 ft. alt., June, 1903, Ball & Babcock 415 4 (R. Mt.); 6 nules below Bartlett, McCloud River, June-Aug., 1893, M. S. Baker (M and CaUf.); ^f Clover VaUey, Plumas Co., 6 July, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8753 (M and Stanford) ; Chico Meadows, Butte Co., 4000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1914, Heller 11495 (M, Ore., and Stanford); near Donner Lake, 1865, Torrey 373 (G) ; Wood's Peak, borders of the Lake, 9000-10000 ft. alt., 1863, Brewer 2114 (G, ^^^ collection)) Summit, Nevada Co., July, 1898, Jepson 6m (Calif.); Truckee, Nevada Co., July, 1893, Smne (M); lo^^ end of Donner Lake, Nevada Co., 10 July, 1903, Heller biii)o 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 263 (M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Donner Lake, Aug., 1883, Greene (G and M) ; Lake Valley, Lake Tahoe Region, 6400 ft. alt., 27 July, 1911, Abrams 4780 (Stanford); Tahoe Tavern, Lake Tahoe, 6200 ft. alt., 15 July, 1906, G. B. Grant 6946 (Stanford); Cisco, Placer Co., 5400 ft. alt., 22 June, 1910, H. M. Hall 8704 (M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Silver Lake, Amador Co., 8000 ft. alt., July, 1892, Hansen 441 (M and Stanford): near Columbia, Tuolumne Co., 2000 ft. alt., 14 May, 1915, A. L. Grant 41 (M, Calif., and Stanford); Strawberry Lake, Tuolumne Co., 55(J0 ft. alt., 10 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 955 (G, M, Ore., CaUf., and Pomona); McGill's, Hetch-Hetchy Valley to Lake Eleanor, Tuolunme Co., 12 July, 1894, Burnham (Cornell); Hog Ranch, above Hetch-Hetchy VaUey, 16 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 996 (G, N. Y., Cornell, U. S., M, and Calif.) ; Yosemite FaUs, 5000 ft. alt., 25 June, 1911, Jepson 427 S (Calif.) ; sandy soil, Yosemite, 1866, Bolander 6311 (G); Jackass Meadow, Madera Co., 7000 ft. alt., 25 July, 1918, A. L. Grant 1335 (Cornell, M, and CaUf.); Huntmgton Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 5 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1033 (G, N. Y., U. S., M, and Calif.); traU to Dinkey Grove of Big Trees, Fresno Co., 29 July, 1917, A, L. Grant 1178 (M, N. Y., Phil., and Calif.); Rowell Meadows, Upper King's River, Fresno Co., 23 Aug., 1904, Dudley (Stanford); Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 15-25 June, 1900, Hall & Chandler 321 (M and Stanford) ; near Mt. Silliman, Tulare Co., 7000 ft. alt., 3-4 July, 1900, Jepson 740 (Calif.) ; region of Kaweah Peaks, Kern-Kaweah Falls, Tulare Co., 10000 ft. alt., 31 July, 1897, Dudley 2364 (Stanford); in the "Horse Pasture" near the summit of Mt. Sanhedrin, Lake Co., 20 July, 1902, Heller 5927 (M, R. Mt., and Pomona); Webber Lake, 8 July, 1901, Kennedy & Doten 121 (R. Mt.) ; moist fine-gravelly hillslopes, Trinity Summit, Humboldt Co., 7000 ft. alt., 16-23 July, 1902, Jepson 2108 (Calif.); South Yollo BoUey Mts., 9600 ft. alt., 24 July, 1897, Jepson 54m (Calif.); Cottonwood Creek, Inyo Co., 10000 ft. alt., 23 July, 1912, Jepson 5072 (Cahf.); Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto Mts., 8000 ft. alt., July, 1901, ^. M. Hall 2346 (Stanford) ; Bluff Lake, San Bernardino Mts., 7400 ft. alt.. 20 June. 1894. Pansh 2962 (U. S. and M); San [Vol. 11 264 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN t Bernardino Co., 1876, Parry & Lernmon 312 (G and M); north side of San Bernardino Mts., May, 1882, Parish & Parish 1719 (M and Stanford); marshy soil, Hunsaker Flats, San Bernardino Mts., 5200 ft. alt., 8 June, 1919, Mum & Johnston 2850 (Pomona) ; damp soil by creek. Fish Camp, San Bernardino Mts., 17 July, 1921, 1. M. Johnston 2900 (Pomona). This species has been generally confused with M. ruhellus to which it is closely related. It differs from that species, princi- pally, in being glandular-pubescent or glandular-puberulent, in the shape of the calyx-teeth, and in the placentae being firmly adherent for most of their length. The pedicels are usually longer than the calyx, but all gradations occur from those with pedicels much shorter than the calyx to those nearly twice as long. Corky calyx-ribs are found in the specimens of A. L. Grant 1033 from Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., California. 68. M. Suksdorfii Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 450. 1886; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 522. 1903; Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mountains, 780. 1917. M. montioides Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 380. 1867, as to the form "corolla parva calyce pauUo longiore." Stems short, 2-7 cm. high, usually freely branched from the base, the plant sparsely viscid-puberulent and more or less tinged with red; leaves oblong, oblanceolate or linear, 5-12 mm. long, 1-2 nam. wide, obtuse, entire or irregularly sinuately toothed, tapering below to a sessile base or the lower sometimes petioled, flowers numerous, the pedicels slender, 5-7 mm. long, ascending ; caly-x cylindrical, 4-6 nun. long, reddish, teeth less than 1 mm. long» mostly equal, broadly ovate, rounded, apex sharply toothed or mucronate; corolla funnelform, 5-6 mm. long, yellow, throat barely exserted, sparsely bearded within, lobes emarginate, equal or nearly so ; style and stamens glabrous, slightly longer than the throat, stigma-lips unequal; capsule barely included, oval, acute, compressed, the placentae separating about one-third of their length; seeds oval, twice as long as broad, stria tely ribbed. Distribution: gravelly moist places in the high mountams from Wyoming and Idaho to Arizona, west to Washington and southern California. 1924} GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 265 Specimens examined : Montana : Alta, 26 July, 1 909, Jones (Pomona) . Wyoming: Swan Lake, 7400 ft. alt., June, 1885, Tweedy 677 (Stanford); Centennial Hills, 9 June, 1895, Nelson 1287 (R. Mt.). Colorado: Sulphur Springs, Grand Co., 10 June, 1906, Osterhout S261 (G and R. Mt.) ; Middle Park, 1864, Parry (G and M). Idaho: Shoshone, 27 May, 1899, Trelease & Saunders 4890 (M); New Plymouth, Canyon Co., 24 April, 1911, Machride 775 (G and R. Mt.). Utah: Antelope Island, 5000 ft. alt., June, 1869, Watson 797 (G and U. S.). Arizona: N. Arizona, 1884, Lemmon 3270 (G). Nevada: Eagle Valley, Ormsby Co., 7 June, 1902, C. F. Baker 1029 (G, U. S., M, and Pomona); Peavine Mt., Washoe Co., 2 June, 1909, Heller 9733 (Stanford) ; near Empire City, 1865, Torrey 379 (G and U. S.). Washington: on rocks, Mt. Paddo, 7000-8000 ft. alt., 29 June, 1885, Suksdorf 487 (G, type, and Calif.) ; on rocks, Mt. Paddo, 7000-8000 ft. alt., 12 July, 1886, Suksdorf 893 (PhU. and M) ; in gravelly soil made up of sand and decomposed basalt, Grant Orchards, 1915, Evans & Hammond (Ore.). Oregon: Ontario, Mathew Co., 6 May, 1898, Leiherg 2018 (G); near camp, Dry Run, Crook Co., 28 June, 1894, Leiberg 348 (0) ; basaltic hills near Harper Ranch, Mathew Co., 20 May, 1896, Leiherg 2076 (G and U. S.). California: between Vinton and Beckwith, Plumas Co., 2 July, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8688 (G and M) ; Chat, Lassen Co., 5000 ft. alt., 19 June, 1897, Jones (U. S.); Mono Pass, Sept., 1866, Bolander 6316 (G and U. S.) ; North Fork Crooked Creek, White Mts., 10200 ft. alt., Jepson 7262 (PhO., Cornell, M, and CaW); summit of Grapevine Peak, east of Death Valley, Inyo Co., 8000 ft. alt., 12 June, 1891, Coville & Funston 1768 (U. S.); Cottonwood Creek, Inyo Co., 10000 ft. alt., 23 July, 1912, Jepson 5070 (Calif.) ; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., WO ft. alt., June, 1886, Pansh 1851 (Stanford); Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., June, 1892, Parish (Calif.); common m low moist ground, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., 10 June, [Vol. 11 266 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 1922, Munz 5657 (Pomona); Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto Mts., 6 July, 1922, Munz 5995 (Pomona). M. Suksdorfii is a small, usually compact, much-branched annual with numerous flowers close together, differing in these characters from M. ruhellus with which it is most easily confused. M. ruhellus is usually a taller plant, with few branches and with larger flowers scattered along the stems. Dr. Gray separated the two species mainly on corolla characters, but these do not hold. M. Suksdorfii has all of the corolla-lobes notched, but M. ruhellus varies in this respect, all of the lobes being emarginate or only those of the upper or of the lower lip. The ciliate calyx- teeth of M, ruhellus have also been used as a distinguishing character, but this is not constant, either. The usually low, compact, bushy habit, together with the generally smaller calyx and corolla and the unequal stigma-lobes of M. Suksdorfii, seem to be the best way of separating the two species. 69. M. ruhellus Gray ex Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 116. 1859; Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 99. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2': 278. ed. 2, and Suppl Calif . Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 116. 1885; Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 587. 1915; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 522. 1903; Nelson in Coulter & Nelson, Manual Cent. Rocky Mountams, 453. 1909; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cahf. 403. 1901, and ed. 2, 378. 1911; Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mountains, 780. 1917. M. gratioloides Rydb. m Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 27. 1901 J Fl. Rocky Mountains, 780. 1917. Stem 3-20 cm. high, erect, simple or branched from the b^, the whole plant glandular-puberulent to almost glabrous, usually more or less reddish in color ; leaves oblong to lanceolate or linear, obtuse, .7-1.7 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, narrowed to a sessUe base, the lowest leaves occasionally petiolate, 1-3-nerved, the margins entire or irregularly toothed; flowers scattered, the pedicels slender, 1-2 cm. long, spreading; calyx tubular, 4-9 nun- long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, teeth short, rarely over 1 n«n. Jong' usually ciliate, equal, broadly ovate, rounded, mucronate, giving the calyx a more or less truncate appearance, the ribs and often 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENTS MIMULtJS 267 the whole calyx colored red; corolla 6-10 mm. long, red or yellow, rarely white, or the tube and throat yellow and the lobes tinged with pink, tube slender, expanding gradually to a short, some- what exserted funnelform throat, lobes rounded, little spreading, subequal, emarginate or sometimes entire, or those of the upper lip or of the lower lip entire and the others emarginate; style and stamens glabrous and about as long as the throat, stigma- lobes equal, oblong, rounded; capsule oblong, slightly shorter than the calyx, placentae separated about one-third their length ; seeds oval, twice as long as broad, striately ribbed. Distribution : throughout the mountainous districts in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast states. Specimens examined : Wyoming: under sage brush, Indian Creek, Carbon Co., 25 Jime, 1901, Goodding 99 (R. Mt.); Swan Lake, Yellowstone Park, 7400 ft. alt., June, 1885, Tweedy 875 (Stanford). Colorado: Butte, 5 miles southwest of LaVeta, 22 May, 1900, Rydherg & Vreeland 6660 (R. Mt.) ; Crystal Creek, 8000 ft. alt., 27 June, 1901, C. F. Baker 253 (G, U. S., M, R. Mt., and Pomona); sage-brush flat, Naturita, 5500 ft. alt., 21 May, 1914, Payson 331 (G, M, and R. Mt.) ; Gore Canon, Grand Co., 24 June, 1907, Osterhout 3508 (R. Mt.). New Mexico: wet ravines, Organ Mts., April, Bigelow (G, type); 1 mile west of HUlsboro, Sierra Co., 5500 ft. alt., 1 May, 1904, Metcalfe 1536 (M) ; Organ Mts., Dona Ana Co., 16 April, 1893, Wooton (R. Mt.); copper mines, April, 1852, WngU H83 (G, Phil, and M) ; in the Hueco Mts., Mar., 1851, Thurler 135 (G). Utah: near Osmer, southern Utah, 1874, Siler 70 (M); Milford, 10 May, 1903, Stokes (Calif.). Arizona: fenced area, Santa Rita Forest Reserve, 20-23 Apr., 1903, GHfiths 4183 (M); by streams of the Santa Catalina Mts., 19 April, 1881, PringU (G and Phil.); San Francisco Mts., May-Oct., 1900, Purpus 7069 (Calif.); Colorado River Valley, Mar., 1876, Edw. Palmer 632 (U. S. and M) ; Stone Cabin Canon, Santa Rita Mts., 4800 ft. alt., 17 April, 1903, T'hoTnher 378 (U. S., M, and Stanford); Ash Fork, 12 May, 1883, Rushy 764 (U. S. and Calif.) ; vicinity of Flagstaff, 1 June, 1898, MacDougal 15 (R. Mt.). 268 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 Nevada : Reno, June, 1884, Curran (G) ; dry woods, 7 miles east of Ely, 13 Aug., 1913, Hitchcock 1256 or 1257 (U. S.); near Verdi, Washoe Co., 5300 ft. alt., 30 June, 1913, Heller 10889 (M and Stanford); Mormon Mts., Clark Co., 24 May, 1906, Kennedy & Goodding 86 (Stanford) ; Clover Mts., April, 1888, WaUon 797 (U. S.). California: Lake Co., May, 1884, Curran (G); Silver Canyon in the White Mts., east of Laws, 9 May, 1906, Helhr 8210, 8212 (U. S., M, and Stanford); Surprise Canon, Panamint Mts., 15 April, 1891, CoviUe & Funston 637 (U. S.); near Mineral King, Death Valley Expedition, 7 Aug., 1891, Coville & Funston 1524 (U. S.); north side of San Bernardino Mts., May, 1882, Parish & Parish 1378 (Stanford); Lytic Creek Canyon, San Antonio Mts., 6000 ft. alt., 1-3 June, 1900, H. M. Hall 1^58 (M and Stanford) ; Smith Water Canyon, Quail Sprmgs, Little San Bernardino Mts., 3200 ft. alt., 7 May, 1 922, Munz & Johnston 5217 (Pomona) ; Santa Rosa, River- side Co., 30 June, 1922, Munz 5911 (Pomona). Subgenus XL Schizoplacus Grant ^ Subgenus II. Schizoplacus Grant, new subgenus Shrubs or annuals, viscid or glandular-pubescent, pilose, or with a glutinous exudation; pedicels shorter than the calyx, corolla bilabiate or with nearly equal lobes; anthers commonly approximate in pairs forming a cross and frequently connivent, filaments glabrous or puberulent, mostly included; style glan- dular-pubescent on upper half or along the whole length; stigma bilamellate or peltate-funnelform, lips equal or unequal; capsule membranaceous or coriaceous, included or exserted, dehiscen along the inner suture, and part way or not at all along the outer sutiu-e, rarely indehiscent ; placentae separating completely an adherent to the valves. Sect. 5-10. Section 5. Eunanus Gray § 5. Eunanus Gray in Bot. Calif. 1: 564. 1876; Proc Am^ Acad. 11 : 95. 1876 ; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ ; 273. 1878, ed. 2, ana Suppl. 444. 1886; Wettst. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4*: 71. 1891. 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 269 Eunanus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10 : 374. 1846; Watson in Bot. King's Exp. 226. 1871 ; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 7 : 381. 1876 ; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 96. 1885, in part; Manual Bay Region, 275. 1894; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 518. 1901 ; Conzatti & Smith, Fl. Sin. Mex. 117. 1897. Glandular or viscid-pubescent annuals; pedicels shorter than the tubular or campanulate calyx; corolla tubular-funnelform or campanulate, sometimes bilabiate, reddish-purple, occasionally pink, red, or yellow, often withering persistent, lobes nearly equal or unequal, tube less than twice the length of the calyx; style glandular-pubescent, stigma-lips equal or unequal; capsule membranaceous, separating to the base along the inner suture and about half way down the outer, occasionally opening to the base along both sutures, placentae dividing completely and adherent to the valves. Sp. 70-93. Key to the Species A. Mature calyx distinctly inflated, ft. Corolla manifestly bilabiate. «. Caljrx-throat oblique, teeth unequal. I- Corolla-tube included. 1. Corolla-throat ventricose. * Corolla broadly campanulate, limb 2-4 cm. wide, yellow 70. M. brevipe^ Corolla-throat broad, cylindrical, limb less than 2 cm. wide, pink or deep reddish-purple 71. M. Bolanderi 2- Corolla f unnelf orm, throat not ventricose 72, M- Parryi 11. Corolla-tube exserted, 1. Calyx-teeth mostly blunt 8L Af. Torreyi 2. Calyx-teeth triangular-acute or lanceolate. * Plants mostly glandular-puberulent; anthers hi3pid..»4. M. Auatinae Plants glandular-pubescent; anthers glabrous. .86. M. angustif alius /S. Calyx-throat slightly if at all obUque, teeth nearly equal- I- Mature calyx tubular-campanulate; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; capsule ovate, obtxise **-. ^' nanu$ 11. Mature calyx flaring abruptly to a wide-open throat; pedicels 3-7 mm. long; capsule linear-lanceolate S6. M. clincola *>• Corolla not bilabiate, the lobes equal or nearly so- «. Corolla little exserted, less than IM times as long as the calyx- I- Capsule exserted 80. M. BaUani U. Capsule included 7^- ^' decurtatua ^- Corolla more than 1)4 times as long as the calyx- I* Corolla-tube at least IH times as long as the calyx, 1- Anthers hispid; leaves narrowly oblong or linear 8S. M. Layneae 2. Anthers glaN'ous; leaves broadly obovate 75. At- 9pwu$ ** ** 270 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN fVoL. 11 II, Corolla-tube less than 1% times as long as the calyx. 1. Corolla-throat ventricose 78. M, suhsecundus 2. Corolla-throat not ventricose. • Calyx-teeth broadly triangular, equal or nearly so . . 77. M. Freinontii ** Calyx-teeth subulate, imequaL t Corolla mostly more than 1.5 cm. long, X Leaves usually sessile; style slightly exserted. .76. M. Cusickii It Leaves usually short-petioled ; style included . . 74- M. Bigehvii ft Corolla not more than 1.5 cm. long; stems stout, intemodes long 75. M. Johnstonii B. Mature calyx little or not at all inflated, sometimes distended by the mature capsule. a. Corolla bilabiate, the lobes unequal 92. M. Jepsanii b. Corolla not bilabiate, the lobes equal or nearly so. a. Stamens included or upper pair slightly exserted. I- Capside ovate-lanceolate, usually well exserted ; calyx-teeth acute, about one-fourth as long as the tube, 1- Calyx 4-6 mm. long; leaves mostly short-petioled. .88. M. mephUim 2. Calyx 6-10 mm. long; leaves sessUe -87. M. dmm XL Capsule broadly oblong or ovate, scarcely exserted; calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, at least one-third as long as the tube. L CoroDa 8-10 mm. long; anthers glabrous 91. M. kpldm 2. Corolla more than 1 cm. long; anthers mostly hispid. * Corolla less than 1.5 cm. long, usually yeUow, often tinged streaked with red ....93. M. Whitneyi •* Corolla more than 1.5 cm. long, deep reddish-purple . . 89. M. coccinm p. Stamens distinctly exserted 90. M. stamtneui 70. M. brevipes Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; DC. Prodr. 10 : 369. 1846; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 377. 1840; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 97. 1876 ; Bot. Calif. 1 : 565. 1876; Syn. FI. N. Am. 2': 275. 1876, ed. 2, and Suppl 446. 1^6; Bot. Mex. Bound. 2: 116. 1859; Conzatti & Smith; ^1- ^^' Mex. 118. 1897; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 365. 1904, and ed. 2, 336. 1917: Eunanus hrevipes Greene in BuU. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 105. 1885^ Densely viscid-pubescent annuals ; stem 1-7 dm. high, simple or branched; basal leaves broadly oblong or obovate, 5-8 cm. longi 1-4 cm. broad, acute or obtuse, tapering to a slender petiole, irregularly toothed or sometimes entire, cauline leaves le^, scattered, usually shorter than the mtemodes, sessile, ^?^^ lanceolate or linear, 2-6 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, finely ^^^^^^' pedicels 2-A mm. long, occasionally 6-13 mm. long; calyx broa Y^ tubular-campanulate, sometimes slightly narrowed at the obUq 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 271 throat, becoming inflated in anthesis and from 8-10 mm. wide, densely glandular-pubescent on the inner and outer surfaces, teeth acute, often acuminate, very unequal, the upper reflexed, at least half as long as the tube and from 2-3 times the length of the others; corolla bilabiate, 2-5 cm. long, yellow, broadly funnelform, the tube short and narrow, expanding abruptly to a long, broad, campanulate throat, ventricose on the lower side, ridges prominent, lobes nearly equal, broad, spreading, the limb 2-4 cm. in diameter; stamens glabrous, included, they and the style and stigma yellow or occasionally green; style slender, included, stigma funnelform, lobes unequal; capsule included, ovate-oblong, acute, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, somewhat cori- aceous, opening at the apex and along the upper suture and splitting irregularly down the lower; seeds oblong, apiculate at both ends, papillate. Distribution : dry sandy or rocky hillsides and mesas from Santa Barbara to northern Lower California. Specimens examined: California: Santa Inez Mts., Santa Barbara Co., May, 1902, Elmer 3933 (Stanford) ; Sycamore Canon, Santa Inez Mts., 13 April, 1920, Jepson 9133 (Calif.) ; Santa Barbara, May, 1902, Elmer 3933 (M); Ojai Valley, Ventura Co., 27 June, 1915, Thacher 55 (Calif.) ; sandy washes and hillsides, Santa Monica Range, May, 1889, Hasse (M) ; Santa Monica Canon, 3 July, 1893, Barber (R. Mt. and M); Mt. Wilson, 19 July, 1915, J>ru8}wl (M and Dmshel) ; Santa Monica Mts., 800 ft. alt., 3 April, 1901, Abrams 1279 (Stanford) ; open hillsides, Sepul- veda Canon, Santa Monica Mts., 700 ft. alt., 15 May, 1920, ^unz & Harwood 4006 (Pomona); dry shady rocky places, Mt. Lowe, 5000 ft. alt., G. B. Grant 24^3 (Stanford); near creek, Verdugo Canon, near Los Angeles, 25 June, 1915, Machride & Payson 759 (G and R. Mt.) ; Echo Mt., San Gabriel J'lts., 2250 ft. alt., 19 May, 1918, Pierson 195 (M); Altadena, Los Angeles Co., 1500 ft. alt., 30 June, 1917, F, Grinnell, Jr. (Stanford) ; moimtains near Claremont, 15 May, 1909, C. F. ^aker 5322 (Stanford); Coble Canyon, Claremont, 1500 ft. jlt-» 19 May, 1905, Cook (Pomona); wash at Claremont, 15 May, 1918, /. Af. Johnston (Pomona) ; Ontario, 30 April, 1893, (Vol. 11 272 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Applegate (Stanford) ; Fish Canon, San Gabriel Mts., 6 May, 1920, Ottley 621 (Wellesley and M) ; Riverside, 17 May-1 June, 1901, Jepson 1211 (Calif.); Palomar, 17 May-1 June, 1901, Jepson 1518 (Calif.); Menifee, Riverside Co., April, 1893, King (Pomona) ; dry mesa edge among shrubs, Red Hill, near Upland, San Bernardino Co., 28 April, 1917, /. M. Johnston 120S (Stanford and Pomona); dry mesas, San Bernardino Valley, 21 May, 1917, Parish 11226 (Cornell, M, and Pomona); foothills of the San Bernardino Mts., May, 1885, Parish & Parish 117 (M); San Bernardino Valley, 1200 ft. alt., 8 May, 1906, Parish 6620 (R. Mt.); mouth of Icehouse Canon, San Antonio Mts., 5000 ft. alt., 16 June, 1918, Parish 11958 (Cornell); San Bernardino, 1100 ft. alt., 15-23 May, 1913, Jepson 5552 (Calif.) ; San Bernardino Co., 1876, Parry & Lm- mon 310 (M); vicinity of San Bernardino, 1000-2500 ft. alt., 4 May, 1901, Parish jp^55 (Stanford) ; Santa Ysabel, 25 April, 1893, Henshaw (M); m Cajon HUls, 10 AprU, 1891, Dunn (Stanford); Cajon Pass, 28 May, 1914, Jepsm 6106 (Calif.); Viegas Valley, San Diego Co., June, 1877, Cleveland (M); on dry hnis near Campo, San Diego Co., 21 May, 1903, Ahrarns 3597 (Phil., M, and Stanford) ; slopes and benches of the south side, San Jacinto Mts., 5000 ft. alt., June, 1901, H. M. Hall 2058 (M, Stanford, and Calif.) ; Arrowhead Hot Springs, San Diego Co., 23 May, 1906, G. B. Grant 6636 (Stanford); San Luis Rey River Valley, 15 May, 1917, Street (Pomona) ; common in open fields around Hemet and San Jacinto, 30 May, 1919, Jenkins & Street 1 938 (Pomona) ; between the Tia Juana River and Laguna, San Diego Co., 9 June, 1894, Mearns S507 (Stanford); Jacumba Hot Springs, San Diego Co., 31 May» 1894, Schoenfeldt 3347 (Stanford) ; Del Mar, San Diego Co., May, 1894, Angier 33 (M); San Diego, June, 1895, Stokes (Stanford); Coronado Beach, San Diego, 21 April, ^^f'fJJ^ chey (M) ; among bushes, Golf Lmks, La Jolla, 25 Aprfl, 191^' Clements & Clements 125 (M and Calif.) ; Harvey's Ranch near El Nido, San Diego Co., 20 May, 1903, Abrams 3531 (Stan- ford); wayside, Palomar Mt., San Diego Co., 12 A^S'' ^.^ !" Spencer 103 (Pomona); hiUs, San Diego, 4 May, 1882, Fnn^ (M) ; southern part of San Diego Co., 1875, Edw. Palmer 'Si 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 273 (M); Live Oak Springs, Laguna Mts., Imperial Co., 3000 ft. alt., 6 Aug., 1916, McGregor 105 (Stanford). Mexico : Lower California: dry hills, northern Lower California, 22 May, 1886, Orcutt 133 (M); Nachoguero Valley, 4 June, 1894, Schoenfeldt 3480 (U. S.) ; San Telmo, northern Lower California, 17 April, 1886, Orcutt (Calif.). 71. M. Bolanderi Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 380. 1867; Bot. CaUf . 1 : 565. 1876 ; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2' : 275. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 404. 1902, and ed. 2, 377. 1911; Eastwood, Fl. South Fork King's River, Sierra Club Publ. 27: 66. 1902; Hall, Yosemite Fl. 224. 1912. M, brevipes Gray in Pac. Rail. Rept. 4: 120. 1856, not Benth. Eunanus Bolanderi Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 105. 1885. Densely glandular-pubescent annuals; stem erect, simple or branched, often more or less nigrescent, very viscid ; leaves obo- vate or oblong, 2-7 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, acute, entire or sometimes denticulate along the upper part, yellow-green to dark green above, often reddish-purple below, sessile, 3-5-nerved from the base; pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx campanulate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, sharply angled, glandular-pubescent on the inner surface as well as the outer, more or less constricted at the very oblique throat, 5-8 mm. wide, teeth lanceolate, unequal, the upper acuminate, recurved, at least twice the length of the others and often half as long as the tube; corolla bilabiate, 2.5-4 cm. long, pale pink to deep reddish-purple, tube pubescent externally, slender,, slightly exserted beyond the calyx-throat, abruptly expanding to a deep broad open throat, usually 1.3-1.5 cm. wide, lobes relatively short, unequal, the lower lip with two white lines ^"ining down the densely hairy ridges, these often dotted with darker red; stamens glabrous, included; style included, lobes of the stigma very unequal, the longer one lanceolate, acuminate; <5apsule slender, acuminate, shorter than the calyx; seeds oval, apiculate at both ends, tuberculate. Distribution: dry open places, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mts. from Calaveras Co. to Tehachapi, and in the Coast [Vol. 11 274 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Ranges from Mendocino Co. to Monterey Co., California. Often appearing in burned-over areas. Specimens examined : California : Ukiah, June, 1882, Rattan (G and M) ; Ukiah, June, 1884, Rattan (Stanford) ; near Purdy's Garden, east of Ukiah, 2500 ft. alt., 3 June-5 July, 1903, Jepson 224? (Calif.); in hills about Scott's Valley, northwest of Lakeport, Lake Co., 28 May-2 June, 1902, Tracy 1747 (Calif.); West Point Bridge, Calaveras Co., 2300 ft. alt., 7 July, 1896, Hansen 1809 (M and Stanford); Knight's Ferry on the Stanislaus River, Bigelm (N. Y.) ; burned areas in Adenostoma thickets. Rawhide Hill, Tuolumne Co., 1400 ft. alt., 17 May, 1919, Williamson (Stan- ford); Punch Bowl Road, near Rawhide, 13 Aug., 1915, Stinchfield 138 (Stanford); Columbia, Tuolumne Co., 2 June, 1915, Jepson 6352 (Cornell, M, and Calif.); Confidence, Tuo- lumne Co., 4000 ft. alt., 19 July, 1911, Abrams 4726 (Stanford); beyond South Fork Bridge on road to Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 4000 ft. alt., 10 June, 1916, A. L. Grant 809 (M and Stanford); Mariposa, 17 June, 1892, Congdon (Stanford) ; dry hillsides Clark's Ranch, Mariposa Co., 1866, Bolander 6314 (G, type and V. S.) ; roadside east of Dry Creek, Kaweah River Valley 23 July, 1896, Dudley 1369 (Stanford); Kites Cove, 30 May, 1883, Congdon (G) ; Tehachapi, June, 1884, Curran (Stanford); by Soda Sprmgs stage road, Santa Clara Co., 3 June, 1895, Dudley 3997 (Stanford); Tassajara Hot Springs, Monterey Co., June, 1901, Elmer 3356 (M and Stanford); hills, upper San Antonio Creek, Santa Lucia Mts., 14-20 June, 1901, Jepson 1656 (Calif.). This is an interesting species related to M. Rattani in its north- ern linait and to M. suhsecundus in its southernmost stations, grows in dry open places in the Sierra Nevada Mts., where i frequently appears in great abundance following chaparral fares. It is extremely viscid, so much so that accordinSg to ^^^ "house flies are captured when they alight on its stem. has a strong odor of Nicotiana and is often called "Wild bacco." f } 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 275 71a. Var. brachydontus Grant^ Leaves smaller, oblong to oblanceolate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long; calyx 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, throat very oblique, teeth broadly triangular-acute, about equal in length or more often with the upper tooth somewhat longer and straight or slightly curved; corolla 1.7-2 cm. long, the lips shorter and more nearly- equal than in the species. Distribution: dry open places from the Coast Ranges in northern California, south to Lake Co., Sierra Nevada Mts., from Colusa Co. to Fresno Co., California. Specimens examined: California: west of Bennett Spring on the Newville-Covelo Road, Glenn Co., 3000 ft. alt., 16 June, 1915, Heller 11992 (M and Stanford); open gravelly places, between Mud Flat and Bennett Spring, 2500 ft. alt., 3 June, 1915, Heller 11927 (M and Stanford); Bruno VaUey, Lake Co., May, 1902, Bowman 219 (Stanford); Hough's Springs, north Lake Co., 24 May, 1920, Jepson 9054 (Calif.) ; Uncle Sam Mt., Lake Co., July- Aug., 1892, Jepson 22m (Calif.); Colusa Co.,*June, 1884, Rattan (Stanford) ; Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 3660 ft. alt., 15 June, 1918, A. L Grant 1264 (G, PhU., U. S., Cornell, M, type, Calif., and Stanford); Mariposa, 14 May, 1882, Congdon (G); Aqua Fria, Mariposa Co., 19 May, 1895, Congdon (Stanford); Alder Creek Trail, Yosemite Park, 4500 ft. alt., 1 July, 1911, Jepsm 4314 (Calif.); Grant's Sprmgs, Mariposa Co., 30 June, 1896, Congdon (Calif.); Raymond, 9 June, 1894, Bumham (Cornell); road from Raymond to Yosemite, 11 June, 1891, Fritchey 1 (M) ; Mariposa Big Tree Grove, July, 1878, Lemmon (M); dry, open hillsides between Cascada and Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 6500 ft. alt., 25 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 1005 (Cornell and M); above Cascada, Fresno Co., 5500 ft. alt., 6 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1065 (M); Squaw Valley to _ ' Mimulus Bolanderi Grav var. brachydontus Grant, var. nov., folii parviorea, oblanceolative, 1.5-3.5 cm. long bliquo, dentibvis late triangiilar w>rolla 1.7-2 cm. longa, laciniis brevioribus, fere aequalibus.-CoUected in Hetch- Hetchy VaUey, Tuolumne Co., California, 3660 ft. alt., 15 June, 1918, Adek Letrx. Granf 1261^ (Gray Herb., Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Herb., Cornell Univ. Herb^, Mo. °ot. Card. TTorK r.„ cooQno *x,«* tt,.,v Palif Hp.rb.. and Stanford Univ. Herb.;. _ [Vol. 11 276 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Dunlap, Fresno Co., 17 May, 1907, Jepson 2751 (Calif.); Sierra Nevada, without date, Andersmi (G). The variety seems, at first, to be distinct, based on differences in size, width of throat, length of calyx-teeth in relation to each other, and the amount of' curvature of the longer calyx-tooth. A careful examination of a number of specimens, however, shows that these differences are not constant. In some, the teeth are of nearly the same length and straight, while in others the upper tooth is distinctly longer, though not always recurved. The specimens of T. S. Brandegee from Snow Mt. have yellow corollas, according to a note on the label. 72. M. Parryi Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 97. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 565. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2» : 275. 1878, and ed. % 1886. Eunanus Parryi Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 104. 1885; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 781. 1917. Small glandular-pubemlent annuals; stem simple or with a few short br&nches, flowering freely from near the base; leaves oblong to lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, ejitire, nearly glabrous, tapering to a slender base; pedicels 2-3 nun. long; calyx campanulate, 8-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide when mature, glandular-pubemlent, scarious below the sinuses, throat very oblique, not constricted, teeth broadly triangular, acute, the upper tooth twice as long as the lateral ones, the latter tending to become subulate; corolla bilabiate, funnelform, 1.5-2 cm. long; yellow, sometimes tinged with reddish-purple, tube short, in- cluded, throat glabrous or puberulent externally, less than the calyx, lobes broad, rounded, widely spread f stamens glabrous, unequally inserted, longer pair with broad filaments, the shorter with slender filaments, anthers small; style sparsely puberulent, stigma-lobes nearly equal, bilamellate ; capsule slightly longer than the calyx-tube, lanceolate, obtuse; seeds apiculate at each end, tuberculate. Distribution : southern Utah. Specimens examined: Utah: abundant on gravelly hUls near St. George, April, 1874, Parry I47 (G, type, and M) ; St. George, Mokiah Pass, southern 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULXJS 277 Utah, 1877, Edw. Palmer 383 (G and M) ; St. George, 13 April, 1880, Jones 1655 (Pomona) ; Diamond Valley, 4500 ft. alt., 28 April, 1894, Jones (Pomona). 73. M. spissus Grant ^ ri. 7. A stout, much branched, glandular- villous annual; stem 15 cm. high; flowers and leaves densely crowded toward the ends of the branches; leaves broadly obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, acute or cuspidate, entire, 3-5-nerved from the base, villous, tapering to a short slender petiole; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; mature calyx broadly campanulate, much inflated, 8-9 mm. long, scarious between the green ribs, teeth unequal, lan- ceolate-subulate, the three upper longer and broader than the others, nearly half as long as the calyx; corolla funnelform, 1.5- 1.8 cm. long, pink, more or less tinged and streaked with red, tube much exserted, throat broad, with two densely yellowish hairy patches below the lower lip, lobes nearly equal; stamens glabrous, included in the tube; style included; stigma-lips unequal, broadly rounded, ciliate; capsule lanceolate, arcuate; seeds smooth, at least twice as long as broad . Distribution: known only from the type locality. Specimens examined : Nevada: Silver Peak Mts., 5000 ft. alt., 29 Sept., 1915, Goldman 2648 (U. S., TYPE). 74. M. Bigelovii Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 96. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 564. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2» : 274. 1878, ed. 2, and Sup^l. 444. 1886; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 365. 1904, and ed. 2, 335. 1917. Eunanus Bigelovii Gray in Pac. Rail. Kept. 4: 121. 1856; Watson, Bot. King's Exp. 226. 1871; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 102. 1885; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 518. 1903; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 780. 1917. 'Mimulus spissus Grant, sp. nov., annuus, crassus, multo ramoeus glanduloao- ^'Jloeus; caule 15 cm. alto; foUis floribusque dense spissis ad terminos ramonim; 'oliw late obovatis, acutis cuspidatisve, vfllosis; fnictifero calyce multo inflato, 8-9 JMn. longo, dentibus inaequalibus, lanceolatis, subulatis, tribua proximis aliens longioribua latioribusque et fere calycia dimidiis; coroUa 1.5-1.8 cm. longa, pallida plus minusve rubro-colorata.— Collected on Silver Peak Mts., 5000 ft. alt., Pt., 1915, E. A. Goldman 25L8 (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 767707, ttpb). [Vol. 11 278 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Stem simple or more often branched, 5-25 cm. high, glandular- pubescent, frequently tawny viscid- villous on the calyx and lower surface of the leaves; leaves thin, scattered, broadly obovate or elliptical, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 5-12 mm. broad, acute, entire or occasionally minutely toothed toward the apex, mostly 1-nerved, tapering to a slender petiole or the upper leaves often subsessile; flowers usually clustered at the tips of the stem and branches, pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long; calyx broadly oblong, 8-12 mm. long, throat more or less oblique, teeth sharply subulate from a broad base, unequal, the lower teeth smaller, about one-third as long as the tube; corolla reddish-piuple, 1.5-3 cm. long, tube mostly included, throat narrowly funnelform, often with a large yellow patch extending down the yellow tube, and expanding abruptly to a broad spreading almost rotate limb, 1.5-2 cm. wide, the lobes subequal with rounded sinuses; stamens included in the lower part of the throat, anthers usually somewhat hispid ; style included, stigma-lobes broadly peltate-funnelform, equal, capsule slender, lanceolate, tapering to a narrow blunt apex, often m- curved, rarely longer than the uppermost calyx-tooth; seeds oblong, rounded at both ends, papillate. Distribution: western Nevada, Arizona, and throughout the arid regions of California from Tulare Co. to Imperial Co. Specimens ' examined : -r Arizona: Zucca, 21 May, 1884, Jones (Pomona). Nevada: log raihoad north of Verdi, Washoe Co., 5300 ft. alt., 30 June, 1913, Heller 10890 (Stanford); Eldorado Canon at Nelson, 3000 ft. alt., 30 April, 1907, Joms (Pomona). California: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mts., Kern Co., 6500ft. alt., 26 June, 1908, Ahrams & McGregor W (Stanford); summit, Mt. Wilson, 15 June, 1906, G. B. Grant 6688 (ConieU, M, and Stanford) ; Wilson's Peak, Los Angeles Co., 10 JulX' 1901, Ahrams 1892 (Stanford); summit of Mt. Wilso^ l^ 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 283 Phil., and Ore.) ; sands of the desert near Squaw Creek, Crook Co., 13 June, 1902, Cudck 2810 (G, Cornell, and M); yellow pine forest, 1 mile west of Sister's, Crook Co., 27 June, 1919, Ferris & Duthie 560 (Stanford) ; mts. of Oregon, 1875, Nevins (G); John Day River, 22 Sept., 1896, Coh (Ore.). This species can be separated from M. Bigelovii, with which Dr. Gray originally confused it, by its stouter, longer and more erect stems, and by its larger leaves which usually are broadly ovate, subulate, 3-nerved at the base and closely sessile. The strongly oblique calyx-throat and the densely glandular-pubescent exserted style further help to distinguish it. 77. M. Fremontii (Benth.) Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 96. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 565. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ : 275. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 445. 1886 ; Conzatti & Smith, Fl. Sin. Mex. 1 18. 1897; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 365, 1904, and ed. 2, 335. 1917. Eunanus Fremontii Benth. DC. Prodr. 10: 374. 1846; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 103. 1885; Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 226. 1871. Stem red, 4-20 cm. high, usually freely branched from near the base, more or less villous with white shaggy hairs, viscid or glandular-pubescent, or occasionally nearly glabrous; leaves oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 1-3 cm. long, 2-8 mm. wide, tapering to a slender sessile base, often irregularly toothed along the upper part, lower leaves conmionly broadly obovate, petioled and more or less tinged with red; flowers numerous on short pedicels, 1-2 mm. long and often crowded toward the tips of the stems; calyx broadly campanulate, 8-10 mm. long, somewhat enlarged when mature, constricted slightly at the oblique throat, teeth broadly triangular, acute or obtuse, 2 mm. long, nearly equal; corolla broadly funnelfonn, 2-2.5 cm. long, rose-red with ^rker markings down the throat, the proper tube mostly in- cluded, throat with two yellow ridges more or less spotted with red. down the lower side, fully as long as the calyx, expanding to a broad, spreadmg limb, 1.3-1.8 cm. in diameter, lobes rounded, somewhat unequal ; stamens short, included in the lower half of tbe throat, glabrous, or the filaments of the longer pair short, glandular-pubescent; style sparsely glandular-pubescent, the 284 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN IVoi. 11 } stigma-lobes nearly equal, peltate-f unnelf orm ; capsule lanceolate, attenuate, often arcuate, about as long as the calyx ; seeds oblong, reticulate, apiculate at both ends. Distribution : dry sandy open places in the interior of California, southward into Lower California; especially common in the desert regions. Possesses a strong mephitic odor. Specimens examined : California : grassy western slopes of Big Pinnacles, Monterey Co., 27 April, 1919, Ferris 1729 (Stanford); mountain sides near falls above New Idria, Monterey Co., 31 May, 1899, Dudhy (Stanford); Priest Valley to New Idria, San Carlos Range, 12 May, 1907, Jepson 2680 (Calif.) ; Mt. Diablo, April, 1878, Lemmon (M); Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo Co., 23 April, 1899, Barher (Calif.); Tehachapi, Kern Co., 5 May, 1905, Heller (Calif.); Mono Flat, Santa Barbara Co., 18 May, 1907, H. M. Hall 7791 (R. Mt., Calif., and Pomona) ; Topatopa Mts., Ventura Co., 6000 ft. alt., 4-6 June, 1908, Ahrams & McGregor 99 (U. S., Stanford, and Pomona); Seymour Creek, Mt. Pinos Ventura Co., 10 June, 1923, Mum 7005 (Pomona) ; San Dimas Wash near Claremont, 27 April, 1902, Bixby (Pomona); Big Tunga Wash, Los Angeles Co., 6 April, 1901, Ahrams 1S79 (Stanford and Pomona) ; Glendora, Los Angeles Co., 7 May, 1904, G. B. Grant6203 (Phil., M, Calif., Stanford, andPomona); Colton, 27 April, 1882, Jones 3188 (M) ; exposed south slopes in the vicmity of Chalk Hill, San Jacinto Mts., 5000 ft. alt., June, 1901, H. M. Hall 20Jt9 (Stanford and Pomona); Oro Grande Wash, west of Hesperia, 17 May, 1920, J. M. Johnston 2Sn (Pomona) ; dry mesas, San Bernardino Valley, 21 May, 1917, Parish 11225 (Cornell and Pomona); sandy banks of the Mohave River, San Bernardino Co., 3500 ft. alt., 29 May» 1901, PaHsh ItdOA (U. S. and Stanford) ; hiUsides, San Jacmto Canon, 17 May-1 June, 1901, Jepsm cfc Hall 1293 (Calit. Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mts., 5300 ft. alt., 16 June, 19^i» Spencer (Pomona) ; sandy plains. Highlands, San Bernardino Co., May, 1888, Parish (Calif.) ; dry mesas, San Bemardin Valley, 12 June, 1918, Parish 11912 (M); Swarthout ^anyo ' San Antonio Mts., 6000 ft. alt., 3-6 June, 1900, H. M.l^ 1643 (M); San Bernardino Valley, 1000 ft. alt., 8 May, 1^^ f 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 285 Parish 5619 (R. Mt.); vicinity of San Bernardino, 1000- 2500 ft. alt., 18 May, 1901, Parish 4791 (Stanford); Edgar Canon, San Bernardino Mts., 2500 ft. alt., 13 June, 1894, Parish 3016 (M and Stanford); Mentone, San Bernardino Co., May, 1903, R. J. Smith (Phil., M, and R. Mt.) ; San Bernardino Co., 1876, Parry & LemnKm 309 (M); Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Co., 4000 ft. alt., 20 June, 1901, Parish 5094. (Stanford); San Bernardino Valley, May, 1913, Jepson 5681 (Calif.) ; Temescal Wash, southern California, 17 May-1 June, 1901, Jepson 1573 (Calif .); Cuyamaca Mt., June, 1880, Parish 465 (Stanford) ; Buckman Springs, 3000 ft. alt., May, 1893, Stokes (Stanford); in dry washes, Campo, San Diego Co., 25 May, 1903, Abrams 3596 (Stanford); San Felipe, San Diego Co., 16 April, 1895, T. S. Brandegee (Calif.); San Ysabel, San Diego Co., 4 May, 1893, Henshaw (M) ; San Diego, April, 1882, Jones (R. Mt.); Hesperia, AprU, 1892, TreUase (M); Summit, Imperial Co., 4035 ft. alt., 10 June, 1917, McGregor 954 (Stanford); southern part of California, Fremont (N. Y., part of type collection) ; Blair Valley, San Diego Co., 19 April, 1920, Jepson 8681 (M, Cornell, and Calif.). Mexico : Lower California: mts. of Lower California, 3 July, 1884, Orcutt 1094 (M and Calif.); Nachoguero Valley, Lower CaUfomia, 4 June, 1894, Schoenfeldt 341 6 (Stanford). The specimens of Abrams 3596 from Campo, San Diego Co., ^ve nearly obsolete calyx-teeth on some of the plants. 78. M. subsecundus Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2' : Suppl. 445. 1886. PL 10, fig. 17. Eunanus subsecundus Greene, Pittonia 1 : 37. 1887. Stem freely and dififusely branched from the base, 8-21 cm. loag, densely viscid-pubescent with scattered white hairs ; leaves s^ile, oblong or oblanceolate, .8-2.5 cm. long, .3-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, entire or occasionally denticulate; flowers numerous, sometimes mostly on one side of the stem, frequently in spike-like tenninal clusters, subsessile, the pedicels 1-2 nmi. long; mature ^yx broadly ovate, 7-12 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, more or less constricted at the oblique throat, scarious below the sinuses, [Vol. 11 286 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN angles deeply plicate, teeth short, deltoid, acute; corolla 1.7-2 cm. long, deep rieddish-purple, pubescent externally, tube slender, mostly included, throat ventricose, abruptly enlarged to the somewhat spreading pinkish limb, lobes quadratish, short, sub- equal ; stamens and style included, anthers glabrous ; stigma pel- tate-funnelform, the lobes unequal; capsule slender, lanceolate, cylindrical, obtuse, about as long as the calyx or sometimes slightly exserted ; seeds oblong, apiculate at one end, tuberculate. Distribution : foothills of the Coast Ranges from Monterey Co. to San Luis Obispo Co., California. Not often collected. Specimens examined: California: dry soil near Mt. San Carlos, 3000 ft. alt., 23 July, 1861, Brewer 780 (G, type, and Calif.) ; Valley of the San Joa- quin, 1 Aug., 1883, Meehan (G, Phil., and M); Tassajara Hot Springs, Monterey Co., June, 1901, Elmer 3371 (M and Stan- ford); Santa Lucia Mts., May- July, 1892, Vortriede (Calif.); by road near creek, above San Antonio Mission, Monterey Co., 13 May, 1895, Dudley (Stanford); Upper San Antonio River, Santa Lucia Mts., 14-20 June, 1901, Jevson 1651 (Calif.) ; Pine Mt., San Simeon Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., 22 July, 1876, Edw. Palmer 322 (G and Calif.) . 78a. Var. viscidus (Congdon) Grant, comb. nov. M. viscidus Congdon in Erythea 7: 187. 1899. Plant more nearly erect; corolla-lobes mostly pink, ^^^^!f less lined with red down the throat, sometimes with two whi e patches below the lower lip ; anthers hairy along the back ; stigma- lips equal. Distribution : hot dry hillsides from Tuolumne Co. to i resn Co. Commonly found on burned-over areas, often cove the ground. Specimens examined : California: Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co., 5 June, 1885, 1902, Rattan (Stanford) ; Gwin Mine, Calaveras Co., 17 May, A^^^ Jepson 1797 (Calif.); abundant in bumed-over ^^' ^^ lecito, Calaveras Co., 1748 ft. alt., 12 June, 1915, ^'^'^^ 6m (M and Calif.) ; Rose Creek above Columbia, 1 uoi ^^ Co., 16 May, 1916, A. L, Grant 781 (G, ComeU, U- »•' ' 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 287 Calif., and Stanford) ; common on burned-over area, Priest's Grade Hill below Groveland, Tuolumne Co., 3 June, 1916, A. L. Grant 79S (M, Calif., and Stanford) ; Coulterville, 3 July, 1896, Jepson 65m (G and Calif.); Sebastopol, Mariposa Co., 4 July, 1897, Congdon (Calif.); Aqua Fria, Mariposa Co., 20 . June, 1897, Congdon (Calif.) ; Mariposa, Mariposa Co., 10 May- 17 June, 1892, Congdon (Stanford); Haile Ranch, Mariposa Co., June- July, 1892, Congdon (Calif.) ; Bootjack Ranch, Mari- posa Co., 9 May, 13-18 June, 1892, Congdon (Stanford) ; Green Gulch, Mariposa Co., 23 May, 1904, Congdon (M); Raymond, Fresno Co., 9 June, 1894, Burnham (Pomona); Squaw Valley to Dunlap, 17 May, 1907, Jepson 2750 (Calif.) ; Raymond to Yosemite, 11 June, 1S91, Fritchey 9 (M); in burns, lone, 1910, K. Brandegee (Calif.) ; Toll House, Fresno Co., 2050 ft. alt., 13 June, 1900, Hall & ChandUr 4 (Calif.); Shut-Eye Pass, Fresno Co., 6500 ft. alt., 15 July, 1912, Ahrams 4932 (Stan- ford); roadside, Pinehurst to Badger, 31 May, 1921, Ottley 1405 (Wellesley and Cornell); Greenhorn Range, Kern Co., 2-10 June, 1904, Hall & Bahcock 5033 (Calif, and Stanford) ; Bear Mt., Tehachapi Range, 5500 ft. alt., 26 May, 1917, Jepson 7181 (Calif.); Nelson, Middle Tule River, 4700 ft. alt., 27 June, 1912, Jepson 4869 (Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; Halstead's Ranch to Davis, n. fork of Kaweah, 2000 ft. alt., 19 June, 1900, Jepson 566 (Calif.). r 78b. Var. constrictus Grant^ Stems mostly erect, viscid-villous with long brownish hairs; cauline leaves few with long internodes; flowers chiefly in a spike-like cluster at the tips of the stems; calyx 1.2-2.4 cm. long, teeth triangular, subulate, unequal, much constricted at the i^arrow throat ; seeds reticulate. Distribution : Sierra Nevada Mts. from Tulare Co. to Kern Co. and in the Coast Range Mts., California. _ ' Mimulus subsecundus Gray var. constrictus Grant, var. nov., caulis erectua, '•odo-viUosus ; caulis f oliis paucis, intemodis longis, floribus fasciculate ad apicem caulis: cftlvcis dentfljus 1.2-2.4 cm. longis, subulatis, constrictis ad fauci anguatato.- Collected River. 3000-4000 ft. alt., Aprfl-Sept ^'^v. Calif. Herb.). 106700. TYPE 288 (Vol. 11 THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Specimens examined: California : fields on the Middle Tule River, 3000-4000 ft. alt. Apr.-Sept., 1897, Purpus 5070 (M, type, U. S., and Calif.) Pine Flat, near Calif. Hot Springs, Tulare Co., 20 June, 1917 Moxhy 582 (Cornell); near Guerilla Flat, vicinity of Pose Creek Valley, Kern Co., 9 July, 1895, DudUy 566 (Stanford) southeastern California, Apr.-Sept., 1897, Purpus 5305 (Calif.) top, Mt. Diablo, July, 1917, Davidson 3279 (Davidson). 79. M. decurtatus Grant^ Glandular-pubescent plants; stem slender, 5-10 cm. high, simple or branched from the base; leaves obovate to spatulate, .7-2 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, thin, entire or denticulate along the upper margin, tapering to a narrow sessile base, lower leaves petioled; pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long; calyx in anthesis JDroadly campanulate, 8-9 mm. long, villous with yellowish hairs, inflated when matiu-e, teeth broadly triangular-obtuse, very short, subequal, throat oblique, slightly or not at all constricted; corolla 1-1.2 cm. long, reddish-purple to rose-pink, tube included, throat barely exserted, fuimelf orm, lobes short, equal, somewhat spreading; upper pair of stamens and style slightly exserted, anthers glabrous; stigma-lips unequal, upper broadly obovate, lower very short, abnost obsolete; capsule lanceolate, acute, included ; seeds oblong, apiculate at each end, reticulate. Distribution : known only from the type locality. Specimens examined : California: Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Co., June, 1903, Elmer It519 (U. S., M, TYPE, Calif. Acad., Stanford, and Pomona) ; N. A. Pacific Coast Flora, 1887, Parry (M). 80. M. Rattani Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 307. 1885; Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 444. 1886. » Mimulus decurtatus Grant, sp. nov.,annuus glanduloso-pubescens ; foUis obovatu spatiJatisve, .7-2 cm. longis, 3-6 mm. latis; fructifero calyce inflato, 8-9 cm. longo, dentibus brevibus, late triangulari-obtusis, fauce obUquo; coroUa 1-1.2 cm. lon^ nibro-purpurea roseave, laciniis inaequaUbus, brevibus ; antheris glabris ; stigmjw' lacmns maequalibus.— CoUected at Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Co.. June, I9t». A.D E. Elmer 4619 (U. S. Nat. Herb., Mo. Bot. Card. Herb. no. 1066S4, ttp», l^aJif. Acad.. StanfnrH TTn;„ tr„«u j r. ^n tt__i. \ 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 289 Eunanus Rattanii Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 105. 1885. A densely glandular-pubescent plant; stem 4-15 cm. long, reddish, simple or mostly branched from the base; leaves few, sessile, oblong to oblanceolate, .8-2 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, entire or obscurely denticulate, basal leaves forming a small rosette, upper leaves bract-like; flowers numerous, crowded toward the ends of the stems; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx viscid, broadly campanulate, rarely constricted at the oblique orifice, 5-6 mm. long, mature calyx broadly oval, 7-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, teeth 1-1.5 mm. long, triangular, mostly obtuse; corolla reddish-piuple, marcescent, pubescent on the outside, 8-9 mm. long, tube included, throat narrowly funnelform, little exserted, lobes short, erect, truncate, nearly equal ; upper pair of stamens exserted, glabrous ; style exserted, stigma-lips unequal, the lower lip very short, sometimes almost obsolete; capsule firm, much exserted, lanceolate, attenuate, the apex often incurved; seeds ■ oval or oblong, apiculate at both ends, papillate. Distribution: in the Sierra Nevada Mts. and Coast Ranges, California. Rarely collected. Specimens examined : California: mountains of Colusa Co., under Adenostema bushes, June, 1884, Rattan (G, type, and Calif.) ; near summit of Mt. Tamalpais, 3 July, 1886, Curran (G and Calif.) ; Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Co., 1888, Parry (M); Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz Co., 1888, Parry (M); Mt. Diablo, 30 May, 1915, ^as^ mod 4642 (C&m.Acs.d.). 81. M. Torreyi Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 97. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 565. 1876 ; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2' : 275. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 445. 1886; Hall, Yosemite Fl. 224. 1912. PI. 10, fig. 16. Eunanus Torveyi Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 104. 1885. Eunanus Fremontii Gray in Pac. Rail. Rept. 6 : 83. 1857, not Benth. Glandular-pubescent plants; stem erect, .5-3.5 cm. high, simple or branched; leaves scattered, obovate, oblong or spatulate, 1-^3.5 cm. long, .3-1.2 cm. broad, tapering to a slender petiole, obtuse, entire or with a few scattered teeth, often reddish on the lower surface, internodes usuallv much longer than the leaves; [Vol. U 290 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN pedicels 2-3 mm. long ; calyx 7-8 mm. long, campanulate, weakly angled, scarious at the base and below the sinuses, throat some- what oblique, teeth very short, unequal, obtuse, broadly tri- angular, the upper one slightly larger; corolla bilabiate, 1.8-2,2 cm. long, rose-red or pink, usually with two club-shaped white or yellowish patches, bordered with dark reddish-purple below the lower lip, tube little longer than the calyx, pubescent externally, yellowish, the lower side heavily spotted with red, abruptly expanding to a broad ventricose throat, lobes short, broad, trun- cate, upper lip shorter than the lower, the middle lobe of the lower lip often emarginate; stamens iand style included, white, the stigma-lobes unequal, broadly peltate-f unnelf orm ; capsule often slightly exserted, lanceolate, obtuse, 8 mm. long, straight or slightly curved, both forms often occurring on the same plant; seeds broadly oval. Distribution: common in dry open gravelly places in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mts., California. Specimens examined : California: Plumas Co., 29 July, 1855, Newberry m WilHamson's Exp. (G, TYPE); Prattville, Plumas Co., 11 July, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8819 (M and Stanford) ; Prattville, 4500 ft. alt., 5 July, 1897, Jones (M); Sierras in Plumas Co., 1891, PM (Calif.); Spanish Peak, above Buck's Ranch, Plumas Co., Aug., 1911, Eggleston 7677 (U. S.); Meadow Valley, Plumas . Co., 4000 ft. alt., 29 June, 1912, H. M. Hall 9298 (R. Mt.); pine flats, Warner Valley, Plumas Co., 5000 ft. alt., J^on 4070 (Calif.); Colby, Butte Co., July, 1896, Austin 162 (M); Chico Meadows, Butte Co., 4000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1914, HelUr (M); Fdrest Ranch, Butte Co., 2700 ft. alt., 18 May, 1914» Heller 11414 (M, Calif., and Stanford); near Stirling, Butte Co., 3525 ft. alt., 7 June, 1913, HelUr 10799 (M, Calif., and Stanford); De Sabla, Butte Co., June. 1917, Edwards (Stan- Dudley I ford); Sugar Loaf Hill, Nevada City, 11 June, 1893 (Stanford); Bear Valley near Emigrant Gap, Nevada Co., 4500 ft. alt., 21 July, 1898, Jepson 69m (Calif.) ; near Donner Lake, 1865, Tcyrrey 370 (G) ; lower end of Donner Lake, Nevada Co., 6 Aug., 1903, Heller 6870 (Phil., M, R. Mt., Calif., Stan- ford, and Pomona); near Placerville, Eldorado Co., 3200 ft. 19241 GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 291 alt., 12 Sept., 1915, Heller 12271 (Cornell, M, and Stanford); waste ground, Truckee, 27 June, 1884, Sonne 271 (M and Stanford); Lake Tahoe, 1 Aug., 1891, Evans (M); near Lake Tahoe, 31 Aug., 1872, Redjield 21^7 (M) ; Fallen Leaf Lake near Lake Tahoe, 6700 ft. alt., July, 1906, J, H. Thompson (Stanford); Eldorado Co., 1866, Rattan (Stanford); Ham's, Amador Co., 5000 ft. alt.. May, 1895, Hansen 1125 (M and Stanford) ; Grass Valley, Amador Co., 3000 ft. alt.. May, 1895, Hansen 1124 (M and Stanford); Big Trees, Calaveras Co., 4700 ft. alt., 8 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 963 (G, Cornell, N. Y., M, R. Mt., Ore., Calif., and Pomona) ; near Gardner, Calaveras Co., Aug., 1903, Hall & Chandler 4782 (R. Mt. and Calif.) ; near Ranger's Cabin, Hog Ranch, Tuolumne Co., 11 June, 1916, A. L. Grant 850 (M, Calif., and Stanford); Hog Ranch, Tuolumne Co., 16 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 969 (G, U. S., Cornell, Phil., M, Ore., and Pomona) ; Hog Ranch to Crocker's, Yosemite Park, 4500 ft. alt., 3 Aug., 1911, Je-pson 4635 (Calif.) ; near Mariposa Big Trees, 6000 ft. alt., 22 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1300 (Cornell, M, Stanford, and Calif.) ; Darrah, Mari- posa Co., June and July, 1892, Congdon (Calif, and Stanford) ; Wawona, Yosemite Route, 19 June, 1891, Friichey 69 (M); Clark's Ranch to Peregoy's, Yosemite Park, 1872, Gray (G) ; Fish Camp, Mariposa Co., 29 June, 1919, Jepson 8396 (M and Calif.); Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 5300 ft. alt., 15-25 June, 1900, Hall & Chandler 64 (M and Stanford). Although the type of M. Torreyi was collected in Plumas Co. V Newberry on Williamson's Expedition, the plant was named for Dr. Torrey, who secured abimdant material near Donner Lake. 82. M. Layneae (Greene) Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 405. 1902, and ed. 2, 378. 191L PI. 9, fig. 4. Eunanus Layneae Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 104. 1885. Stem slender, more or less reddish, simple or often freely "ranched, densely glandular-pubescent, usually somewhat ni- grescent; leaves narrowly oblong or linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, 2-6 °^- broad, acute, entire or slightly toothed, tapering to a 292 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (Vol. II I slender, mostly sessile base, the lower sometimes short-petioled, frequently redcjish on the lower surface; pedicels slender, reddish, 1-2 mm. long; calyx 5-7 mm. long, campanulate, becoming somewhat inflated and strongly ribbed when mature, slightly constricted at the oblique orifice, teeth triangular, acute or sub- ulate, 1-2 mm. long, reflexed ; corolla rose-red to reddish-purple, streaked down the throat, 1.5-2.2 cm. long, more or less pubescent externally, tube exserted, usually less than twice as long as the calyx, throat funnelform, dark reddish-purple, with one or two white or yellow patches generally bordered with dark red and spotted with red below the lower lip, lobes subequal, not widely spreading, truncate, often slightly emarginate and with rounded sinuses ; stamens included, anthers hispid ; style included, stigma- lobes broadly ovate, rounded, the lower scarcely more than half the length of the upper lobe; capsule usually exserted, 9-11 mm. long, lanceolate with an obtuse, mostly incurved slender apex; seeds oval, apiculate at both ends, tuberculate and faintly ribbed. Distribution : dry sandy places, often growing in large patches in the North Coast Range and Sierra Nevada Mts., from Siskiyou Co. to Fresno Co., California. Specimens examined : California: Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co., 2200 ft. alt., 14 August, 1914, Jepsm 6169 (Calif.); Igerna, Siskiyou Co., 5 April, 1903, Copeland, distributed as C. F. Baker 3851 (Stanford and Pomona); near Sisson, 3555 ft. alt., 1-10 June, 1897, H. E. Brown 303 (M) ; dry land, Goosenest at Sisson's, base of Mt. Shasta, 21 Aug., 1880, Engelmann (M) ; Goosenest foot- hills, Siskiyou Co., 5000 ft. alt., 19 June, 1910, Butler 1585 (M, R. Mt., and Stanford); near Edgewood, Siskiyou Co 28-31 July, 1892, Edw. Palmer 2603 (U. S.); near Shasta Springs, 5 June, 1905, Heller 7963 (M), Squaw Creek Ranger Station, Shasta Co., June, 1916, Drew (Stanford); Shasta Springs, Aug., 1894, Je'p8(m 36m (Calif.); between forks of Trinity, June, 1883, Rattan (Stanford^ type collection)', Horse- shoe Bend above Shasta Springs, July-Aug., 1894, Jevson 34^ (Calif.) ; hill slopes of Mad River Valley, 6 miles above Ru^ Trinity Co., 3000 ft. alt., 24 June, 1913, Tracy 43^0 (G, M, R. Mt., and Calif.); region of Lassen's Peak, Aug., 189i» f 1 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 293 Chestnut & Drew (Calif.); near Redding, 18 June, 1914, McMurphy (Stanford) ; Valley of Trinity River, near mouth of Willow Creek, Humboldt Co., 500 ft. alt., 8 July, 1911, Tracy S443 (G and Calif.) ; between Sisson's and Sims, 24 July- 10 Aug., 1894, Jepson 71m (Calif.); Shasta Co., 1887, Parry (M); Red Mt., s. e. Mendocino Co., 18 June, 1908, Jepson S037a (M and Calif.); Burnt Ranch, Humboldt Co., June, 1883, Rattan (G) ; between Mud Flat and Bennett Spring on the Newville-Covelo Road, Glenn Co., 2500 ft. alt., 3 June, 1915, HelUr 11919 (M and Stanford) ; Bartlett Mt., Lake Co., 1884, K. Brandegee (Calif.) ; near Bartlett Springs, Aug., 1916, Stinchfield (Stanford) ; Indian Valley, near Lake Co., 24 May, 1920, Jepson 9000 (Calif.); Howell Mt., Napa Co., 26 June, 1893, Jepson 35m (Calif.); in chaparral, Howell Mt., Napa Co., 1400 ft. alt., 19 May, 1902, Tracy 15U (U. S. and Stan- ford); Auburn, Placer Co., 3 April, 1894, Congdon (Calif.); ItaUan Bar, near Columbia, Tuolumne Co., 2000 ft. alt., 5 June, 1915, A. L. Grant (M and Stanford); Hog Ranch above Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 14 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 968 (G, Cornell, U. S., N. Y., Phil., M, R. Mt., Ore., Calif., Stanford, and Pomona); Little Yosemite, 6300 ft. alt., 5 July, 1909, Jepson 31 42 (Calif.) ; growing in sandy soil, often forming large patches, Little Yosemite Valley, 7 July, 1911, J^. M. Hall 9056 (G, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Snow Creek, Yosemite, 7100 ft. alt., 6 Aug., 1916, Smihy 669 (G) ; Yosemite, 5500 ft. alt., 1 July, 1911, Alyrams 4584 (Stanford); Tamarack Flat, Yosemite, 6390 ft. alt., 14 July, 1911, Abrams 4694 (G and Stanford); Upper San Joaquin, Madera Co., 17 Aug., 1895, Congdon (Stanford) ; Chihuahua Falls, Mariposa Co., 12 Aug., 1895, Congdon (G); near Jackass Meadows, Madera Co., 17 Aug., 1895, Congdon (G); Pine Ridge, Fresno Co., 5300 ft. alt., 15-25 June, 1900, Hall & Chandler 208 (M and Stanford) ; Beasore Meadow, Mariposa Co., 24 July, 1918, A. L. Grant ISIO (PhU., Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; Mono Hot Springs, Fresno Co., 6300 ft. alt., 3 Aug., 1918, A. L. Grant 1494 (M and Calif.) ; iiear Peregoy Meadow, Yosemite National Park, 7000 ft. alt., 21 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1296 (Calif.); Alder Creek Trail, Yosemite Park, 5500 ft. alt., 1 July, 1911, Jepson J^27 (Calif.); 294 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI IVot. 11 abundant in sandy spots, trail to Dinkey Grove of Big Trees, near Dinkey Station, Fresno Co., 5500 ft. alt., 29 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1200 (M and Calif.) ; in dry sandy places, often in large patches, Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 21 July, 1918, A. L. Grant I4S8 (G, M, and Calif.) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 5 July, 1917, A. L. Grant IO4I (Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 16 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1102 (G, Cornell, Phil., M, R. Mt., Calif., Stanford, Ore., and Pomona) ; Arnold Meadow, Madera Co., 26 July, 1918, A, L, Grant 1356 (Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; King's Canon bed. King's River Canon and Kearsarge Pass, Sierra Nevada, 5-15 July, 1900, Jepson 776 (Calif.). This species is so closely related to M. Torreyi that it is not always easy to separate them by the shape of the calyx-teeth and capsule, as Greene suggested when he described M. Laynem. Typical specimens of M. Torreyi have blunt calyx-teeth but sometimes calyces with blunt teeth or acute teeth are found on the same plant. The most constant characters for separating the two species are found m the corolla, M. Layneae having a slender, much exserted reddish-purple corolla-tube and a narrow throat, whereas M. Torreyi has a little exserted,- yellowish or pink corolla-tube with a broad, somewhat ventricose throat and pink or rose-pink lobes. The specimens of M. Layneae from northern California have densely pubescent corolla-tubes, and those from central California are sometimes nearly glabrous. m 83. M. nanus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 378. 1840; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 96. 1876; Bot. Calif. 1: 564. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 274. 1878, ed. 2, excl. the yellow- flowered plant, and Suppl. 444. 1886; Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 508. 1906; Nelson in Coulter & Nelson, Manual Cent. Rocky Mountams, 453. 1909; HaU, Yosemite Fl. 224. 1912. M. nanus a plurijlorus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 378. 1840. Eunanus Tolmei Benth. DC. Prodr. 10 : 374. 1846; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. X -. 103. 1885; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 518. 1903; Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mountains, 780. 1917. 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 295 Eunanus nanus Holzinger, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 244. 1895. Small leafy plants, viscid-puberulent or sometimes densely glandular-pubescent, 5-15 cm. high, usually freely branched from near the base, branches low and spreading ; stems mostly straw- colored, occasionally more or less tinged with red ; leaves obovate to oblong, 1-3 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, acute or obtuse, thin, entire, 1-3-nerved, lower leaves larger and somewhat spatulate, tapering to a distinct petiole; flowers abundant, pedicels slender, ^ 2-3 mm. long; calyx tubular-campanulate, 7-8 mm. long, scarious below the sinuses, throat slightly if at all oblique, not constricted, teeth nearly equal, triangular-acute, about one-fourth as long as the tube; corolla bilabiate, 1.7-2 cm. long, reddish-purple, puberulent outside, tube yellowish, slender, exserted, about twice as long as the calyx, throat funnelform with two hairy white or yellow patches dotted with red below the lower lip and irregular darker reddish-purple areas below the upper lip, lobes imequal, sinuses broad, rounded, upper lip more or less erect and longer than the lower one ; anthers hispid, filaments of the longer pair of stamens sometimes puberulent ; style and upper pair of stamens shghtly exserted, stigma-lobes nearly equal, peltate-funnelform, ciliate; capsule in general slightly exceeding the calyx, ovate, obtuse; seeds oval, reticulate, apiculate at each end. Distribution: common in open sandy places in the Rocky Mountains and in the Pacific Coast States. Specimens examined : Montana: in dry ground, Madison Basin, Gallatin Co., 23 June, 1899, Nelson & Nelson 5m (R. Mt.). Wyoming: Fire Hole, Yellowstone Park, July, 1904, OUson U, (R. Mt.); Lower Basin, YeUowstone Park, 15 July, 1906, Cooper eiy (R. Mt.) ; on sandy or gravelly open flats. Upper Geyser Basm, 31 July, 1899, Nelson & Nelson 6256 (Cornell, M, R. Mt., and Pomona); Yellowstone Park, 9 Aug., 1885, Letterman 116 (M); ant hills, Henry's Fork, Snake River, 5400 ft. alt., 19 June, 1860, Hayden (M). Colorado : Graymont, without date, Letterman (M) . Idaho : grows only on ant hills, Shoshone Flat, Minidoka National Forest, 6300 ft. alt., 3 Aug., 1913, Crochett 29 (R. Mt.); Lake one ^°^- '^ -^yo ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Waha, Nez Perces Co., 3500-4000 ft. alt., 25 June, 1896, Heller & Heller 3324 (M) ; Corral, Blaine Co., 28 June, 1916, Machnde & Pay son 2930 (R. Mt. and M) ; Martin, Blaine Co., 5 July, 1916, Macbride & Payson 3049 (M and R. Mt.); sandy gravelly slopes, Falk's Store, Canyon Co., 17 May, 1910, Macbride 59 (M, R. Mt., Calif., and Stanford); sandy slopes, Silver City, Owyhee Co., 15 June, 1910, Macbride 402 (M and R. Mt.) ; Indian Gulch, 18 June, 1892, Mulford (M) ; Ketchum, 25 June, 1892, Mulford (M) ; gravelly bench lands, Ketchum, Blaine Co., 20 July, 1911, Nelson & Macbride 1227 (R. Mt.); Sawtooth National Forest, 1910, Woods 42a (R. Mt.); dry hills, Boise River, 27 July, 1911, CUrke 162 (R. Mt.). Nevada: Little Lakes Canyon, Elko Co., 21 July, 1902, Kennedy 598 (R. Mt.); Eagle Valley, Ormsby Co., 7 June, 1902, C. F. Baker 1024 (M and Pomona); near Holstein Ranch, north of Carson, 29 May, 1901, Steinmetz (Stanford). Oregon: common in dry soU, eastern Oregon, 12 July, 1898, Cusick 2152 (Cornell and M); hillsides of Ochoco Creek, Crook Co., 10 July, 1901, Cusick 2655 (CorneU, M, and R. Mt.) ; vicinity of Laidlaw, Crook Co., 6 June, 1912, Whited 48 (Ore.); conmion on plains. Bend, Crook Co., 8 May, 1905, ^. Nelson 797 (M and R. Mt.); Redmond, 15 May, 1916, Jacksm & Hammond (Ore.); Camp Harney, 1875, Bendire (M); sandy woods along Klamath Falls, 21 July, 1920, Peck 9628 (M); dry sandy ground, 10 miles from Crescent, Klamath Co., 19 July, 1920, Peck 9577 (M). California: near Old Chat, Lassen Co., 1 July, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8673 (Phil., M, and Stanford); Yollo BoUey Mts., July, 1897, Jepson 37m (Calif.); Hobart Mills, 29 May, 1917, Wagner (Stanford). 84. M. Austinae (Greene) Grant, comb. nov. Eunanus Austinae Greene, Pittonia 1 : 36. 1887. A mostly glandular-pub erulent plant, sometimes glandular- pubescent; stem 5-9 cm. long, freely branched from the base; leaves numerous, clustered with the flowers toward the ends of the stem and branches, spatulate or elliptical, 1.2-2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, tapering to a short, slender oetiole. entire; calyx 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 297 7-8 mm. long, not distended by the mature capsule, teeth unequal, triangular-acute, about one-third as long as the tube; corolla funnelform, bilabiate, yellow, more or less streaked with red down the throat, tube about l}/^ times as long as the calyx, throat short, narrow, lobes unequal; stamens included, anthers hispid; style exserted, the stigma-lips equal, broadly peltate-funnelf orm ; capsule lanceolate, attenuate, exserted; seeds oblong, reticulate. Distribution : mountains of northern California. Specimens examined : California: Pine Creek, Modoc Co., 1893, Austin (Stanford); Modoc Co., July, 1895, Austin 16 (Pomona); Big Valley, Lassen Co., 20 June, 1894, Baker & Nutting (Calif.). According to Dr. Greene, M. Austinae does not have the skunk-like odor of M. mephiticus. 85. M. cHvicola Greenm. in Erythea 7: 119. 1899; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Southeast. Wash. & Adj. Idaho, 227. 1914. Eunanus clivicola Heller in Muhlenbergia 1 : 60. 1904. Glandular-pubescent plants; stem 5-15 cm. high, mostly simple; leaves scattered, oblong or obovate to oblanceolate, 1-2.5 cm long, 4-8 mm. broad, entire or occasionally toothed toward the upper end, tapering to a slender sessile base, mostly 1-nerved; flowers scattered, pedicels slender, 3-7 nmi. long; calyx campan- ulate, 8-10 mm. long, narrowed at the base, flaring abruptly to a wide-open slightly oblique throat at maturity, scarious between tlie green ribs, teeth broadly triangular^acute, ciliate, nearly equal, 1-1.5 nam. long; corolla funnelform, somewhat bilabiate, 1 -4-2 cm. long, tube yellowish, slightly exserted, throat reddish- pink with a large yellow patch, spotted with red below the lower lip, lobes reddish-pink, streaked with darker reddish-purple, spreading, rounded, with broad sinuses; stamens mcluded, the anthers sparsely hispid; style frequently as long as the throat, 8tigma-lips equal ; capsule linear-lanceolate, exserted, incurved at Animilate at both ends, oval, Jlie apex; seeds favose-areolate ieSS than twinPs as Inna aa hfrnaA „ as broad -Distribution : hillsides in southwestern Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. Specimens examined : one ^°^ " ^\fQ ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Idaho: slopes near the foot of Weissner's Peak, Kootenai Co., 5-7 July, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller 586 (G, type, and Phn.); dry hUlsides of Cedar Mts., Latah Co., 7 July, 1893, Piver 1657 (G and Stanford); Lake Waha, 26 June, 1894, Henderson 2677 (G, CorneU, and R. Mt.). Oregon : moist gulch of North Pine Creek, near Snake River, 13 July, 1899, Cusick 2236 (G, Cornell, F, M, R. Mt., and Calif.); hills near Snake River, 25 May, 1898, Cusick 1891, (CorneU and M); Deshut's Bridge, 19 June, 1885, Howell (Ore. and Calif.). 86. M. angustifolius (Greene) Grant, comb, no v. Eunanus angustifolius Greene, Pittonia 2 : 23. 1889. A glandular-pubescent annual; stem red, 4-10 cm. high, mostly branched; leaves numerous, linear or oblanceolate, 1-1.7 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, sessile, entire, crowded and often with smaller leaves fascicled in the lower axils; calyx cylindrical, scarious between the red ribs, teeth triangular-lanceolate, fully one-third as long as the calyx, spreading very little at the oblique orifice; corolla bilabiate, narrowly funnelform, sparsely pubescent on the outside, reddish purple, 1.3-1.7 cm. long, the tube exserted, lobes unequal, those of the upper lip about half as long as the lower; stamens slightly exserted, glabrous; stigma-lobes unequal; capsule lanceolate, about as long as the calyx, opening to the base along both sutures. Distribution : known only from Washoe Mts., Nevada, the type locality. Sp^imens examined : Nevada: on trail from Bronco to Mt. Rose, western slope of Washoe Mts., July, 1889, Sonne H (Greene, type, and Calif-); Mt. Rose, Washoe Co., 9500 ft. alt., 26 Aug., 1911, UelUr 10343 (G and Stanford). 87. M. densus Grant^ A more or less densely glandular-pubescent and viscid plant, sometimes viscid-viUous ; stem mostly profusely branched, 5-15 » Mimtilus densus Grant, sp. nov., herba plus minusve dense glanduloso-pubescens; caule profuse ramoso, 5-15 cm. alto: foliis elliDticis. linearibus oblongiave; calyce 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENIJS MIMULUS 299 cm. high; leaves numerous, elliptical, linear or occasionally oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, tapering to a slender sessile base; flowers axillary, numerous, pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx open-campanulate, 6-10 mm. long, not distended by the mature capsule, teeth deltoid-acute to subulate, unequal, about one- fourth as long as the tube, throat oblique; corolla funnelform, 1.7-2 cm. long, yellow, more or less streaked and tinged with red or sometimes wholly red, tube slender, about twice as long as the calyx, throat short, expanded, lobes spreading, somewhat quad- rangular, subequal, a hairy region below the lower lip and with scattered hairs around the throat; upper pair of stamens some- times exserted, anthers hispid; style exserted, stigma-lobes broadly peltate-funnelform, unequal; capsule lanceolate to ovate-lance- olate, more or less attenuate, as long as or, more commonly, exceeding the calyx ; seeds oblong, apiculate at both ends. Distribution : central and western Nevada and east of the Sierra Nevada Mts., from Inyo Co. north to Lassen Co., California. Specimens examined : Nevada: hills around Austin, Lander Co., Toiyabe Range, 6400 ft. alt., 21-25 July, 1913, Kennedy UOl (M, type, and Stan- ford) ; between Austin and Big Creek, Lander Co., 6000 ft. alt., 27 July, 1913, Kennedy 4091 (Stanford) ; Tonopah, 6000 ft. alt., June, 1907, Shockley 84 (Calif, and Stanford); Miller Mt., Esmeralda Co., 7000 ft. alt., Shockley 111 (Stanford). California: Campito Meadow, White Mts., 11000 ft. alt., 27 July, 1917, Jepson 7305 (Calif.); Black Canyon, White Mts., 7 July, 1891, CoviUe & Funston 1792 (Stanford); Indian Valley Grade, July, 1896, Bruce 847 (M); near the river, Portola, Plumas Co., 30 July, 1911, K. Brandegee (Calif.); Pine Creek, Lassen Co., 12 July, 1894, Baker & Nutting (R. Mt.) ; near Old Chat, Lassen Co., 1 July, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8672 (M and Stanford); Truckee, Nevada Co., 15 Aug., 1903, JIdhr 71 73 (M and Pomona) . 'at flowers appearing in the lowest axils but mostly clustered with the leaves toward the tips of the stems, pedicels slender, 2-4 mm. long ; calyx open-campanulate, 4-6 mm. long, scarious below the sinuses and distended by the mature capsule, teeth lanceolate, acute or sometimes subulate, unequal, usually one-fourth the length of the tube, throat oblique; corolla funnelform, 1.2-1-8 cm. long, yellow, rarely reddish-purple, the slender tube at least 13^ times as long as the calyx, throat broad, more or less tinged, spotted or streaked with reddish-brown, lobes nearly equ^; subquadrate, with broad rounded sinuses; stamens and style usually included, rarely slightly exserted, anthers hispid, fila- ments with retrorse hairs at the base of the longer pair; stigma- lobes broadly peltate-funnelform, subequal or occasionally equal; capsule lanceolate, obtuse, as long as the distended calyx, mor® often exserted; seeds oval, less than half as long as broad, apicu- late at both ends, retirnlafp 1924) GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 301 Distribution: common in open woods and sandy places in the Sierra Nevada Mts., from Amador Co. to Fresno Co., California. Odor strongly mephitic. Specimens examined : California: Pedlar, Amador Co., 6500 ft. alt., July, 1892, Hansen 463 (M and Stanford); moist sandy spots, Strawberry Lake near the dam, Tuolumne Co., 5500 ft. alt., 10 June, 1917, A. L. Grant 956 (M) ; Cottonwood Trail, Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 6500 ft. alt., 15 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1270 (Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; Yosemite, July, 1884, Hutchings (G) ; above Yosemite, Dix (G); growing in sandy soil, often forming large yellow beds, Little Yosemite Valley, 7 July, 1911, H. M. Hall 9066 (M, R. Mt., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Lake Merced, Yosemite Park, 7200 ft. alt., 10 July, 1909, Jepson 32Ha (Calif.); Tamarack Flat, Yosemite Park, 6390 ft. alt., 14 July, 1911, Ahrams 4696 (Stanford); at Peregoy's, 1872, Gray (G); near Peregoy Meadow, Yosemite Park, 7200 ft. alt., 21 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1298a (Cornell and M); King's River Canon, Fresno Co., 15 June, 1921, OttUy 14S7 (Wellesley and M); granite sand between Rowell and Sunset Meadows, King's River Region, Fresno Co., Aug., 1904, DudUy (Stanford); South Fork Kaweah Crossing near Sand Meadow, Sequoia Park, 8200 ft. alt., 14 Aug., 1911, Jeyson 4074 (Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; Round Meadow., Sequoia Nat'l. Park, 6500 ft. alt., 24 June-2 July, 1900, Jepson 699 (M and Calif.) ; Hossack Creek, eastern Tulare Co., 7000 ft. alt., 12 July, 1908, Hall & Hall 8346 (Calif.); Alta Meadows, 9000 ft. alt., Aug., 1905, K. Brandegee (G); Alta Meadows, Tulare Co., 19 July, 1919, Newlon Im (Cornell, M, and Calif.) ; Hockett Meadows, Tulare Co., about 8500 ft. alt., 5 Aug., 1904, Hall & Babcock 5622 (Calif, and Pomona) ; South Fork Middle Tule River, 5300 ft. alt., 28 June, 1912, Jepson 4874 (M); Hockett's Meadow, Tulare Co., 22 July, 1904, Culbertson 4410 (CaUf., Stanford, and Pomona); Little Kern River, Tulare Co., July, 1904, Jiall & Babcock 64O6 (Stanford) ; brook one mUe above Parson's MiU, Peso Creek Valley, 9 July, 1895, DudUy 690 (Stanford) ; plains, Little Kern River, 6000-7000 ft. alt., July, 1895, Purpus ^383 (Calif.) ; sandy plains. Trout Meadows, July, 1895, Purpus ^389 (Calif.). [Vol. 11 302 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 89. M. coccineus Congdon in Erythea 7: 187. 1899. Stems 2-6 cm. high, simple or branched, the whole plant glandular-pubemlent ; leaves oblanceolate to linear, .6-1 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, entire, mostly obtuse, tapering to a slender petiole, the lower often spatulate ; flowers clustered at the tips of the stems, pedicels rarely over 1 mm. long; calj^ cylindrical, 3-5 mm. long, expanded by the mature capsule and faintly ribbed, throat oblique, teeth unequal, linear, subulate, one- third to one-half as long as the tube; corolla funnelform, 1.6-2 cm. long, deep reddish-purple, the throat usually with one or two lighter areas below the lower lip, tube slender, 2-3 times as long as the calyx, limb expanded, .5-1.2 cm. wide, the lobes sub- equal, withering, almost filiform ; stamens mostly included, the anthers hispid ; style slightly exserted, the lobes subequal ; capsule broadly ovate, acute, slightly exceeding the calyx ; seeds smooth. Distribution : in granite sand at high altitudes in the southern Sierra Nevada Mts. Not often collected. Specimens examined: California: Glacier ^oint Turnpike, Mariposa Co., 22 July, 1891, Congdon (Calif, and Stanford) ; Hockett's Meadow, 8600 ft. alt., 22 July, 1904, Culbertson, distributed as C. F. Baker UH (M and Pomona); between Rowell Meadow and Sunset Meadow, King's River Region, Fresno Co., Aug., 1904, Dudky (Stanford); Coyote Pass Trail, Milky Meadow to Three Rivers, 25-31 July, 1900, Jepson 979 (Calif.) ; Marble Mt., 6 July, 1907, Jepson 2846 (Calif.) ; N. Fork of Middle Tula River, 8500 ft. alt., 15 Aug., 1911, Jepson 4688 (Calif.)- This species was first collected by Congdon near the mountain tops of the Sierras, east of the Mmaret's. 90. M. stamineus Grant* Plants 2-10 cm. high, freely branched from the base or oc- casionally simple, densely glandular-pubescent; leaves sessile, ^Mimulus stamineus Grant — i—u. « in — -u„ ,ions« elanduloso- pubescens ; foHis sessilibus, anguste oblanceolatis ellipticisve, aUquando linearibus. A dele I^ewis Grant S57 (Corn TYPE, Univ. Calif. Herb., and 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 303 numerous, narrowly oblanceolate to elliptical or sometimes linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, obtuse, entire; flowers somewhat clustered toward the tips of the branches, numerous, axillary, pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx tubular, 5-8 nun. long, expanded by the mature capsule, teeth lanceolate-subulate, one- third to one-fourth the length of the tube, the lower smaller and shorter, throat oblique; corolla funnelform, reddish-purple, 1.2-2 cm. long, pubescent externally, tube slender, less than twice as long as the calyx, throat short, with a yellowish area spotted with red below the lower lip, the whole with long scattered club- shaped hairs, lobes broad, somewhat truncate, nearly equal, little spreading; stamens exserted, anthers hispid, filaments unequally inserted, the longer with retrorse hairs near the base; style exserted, stigma-lips unequal, rounded, broadly peltate- funnelform; capsule oblong, obtuse, usually about as long as the calyx or slightly exserted ; seeds oblong, apiculate at each end . Distribution : Washington, Nevada, and California. Specimens examined : Washington: Klickitat, June, 1879, J. Howell (G and M); Klickitat, 16 May, 1882, Howell (Ore.). Nevada: King's Canon, Ormsby Co., 5 June, 1902, C. F. Baker. 1010 (M and Pomona); Snow VaUey, Ormsby Co., 27 July, 1902, C. F. Baker 1375 (M, R. Mt., Calif., and Pomona); Miller Mt., Esmeralda Co., 7000 ft. alt., without date, Shockley SOU (Stanford). California: Black Canon, White Mts., Mono Co., 8 July, 1891, Coville & Funston 1 798 (Cornell, M, and Stanford) ; sandy field, Myers, Eldorado Co., 2 July, 1920, OttUy 930 (Wellesley and M) ; near Deadman's Creek, Mono Co., 22 Aug., 1895, Congdon (Calif, and Stanford); dry valley floor near Mono Crater, Mono Co., 19 July, 1918, Ferris im (Stanford); growing in granite sand, simmiit of Sonora Pass, Tuolumne Co., 10000 ft. alt., 24 Aug., 1915, A. L. Grant 357 (M, type, Cornell, Calif., and Stanford); Campito Meadow, White Mts., 11000 ft. alt., 27 July, 1917, Je'pson 730^ (Calif.) ; Rock Creek near Mt. ^^tney, 9600 ft. alt., 20 July, 1912, Jeyson 5057 (CaUf.); I^amshaw Meadows, Kern Peak, 8600 ft. alt., 3 July, 1912, Je'pson 4957 (collected by Haskell) (Calif.) ; Kern River, 9850 304 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (Vol. 11 / ft. alt., Sept., 1875, Rothrock 378 (G) ; Volcano Meadow, vicin- ity of Mt. Whitney, 8 Aug., 1897, Dudley 2498 (Stanford); Whitney Meadows, 19 Aug., 1891, Coville & Funston 1625 (Cornell, M, and Stanford); border of Whitney Meadow, 10300 ft. alt., Aug., 1897, Dudley 2^88 (Stanford); Milky Meadow, Tulare Co., 23-31 July, 1900, Jeyson H6 (Calif.); Olancha Mt., Tulare Co',, 8000 ft. alt., June, 1904, Ball & Bdbcock 5218 (M and R. Mt.). Calif 7 M. leptaleus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 96. 1876; Bot. 1: 564. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 274. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 445. 1886, in part. Eunanus leptaleus Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:101. 1885. Small plants, viscid-pubescent to almost glabrous, commonly 2-4 cm. high, occasionally 6-10 cm. high, the taller plants usually branched; stem slender, mostly reddish; leaves obovate, ob- lanceolate or linear, .5-1.5 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, thick, obtuse, rarely acute, 1-nerved, entire, tapering to a short slender petiole or the uppermost ones sessile, usually clustered with the flowers at the tips of the stems, often tinged with red and with a red midrib; pedicels almost filiform, 1-2 mm. long; calyx slender, cylindrical, usually more or less tinged with red, 3-4 mm. long, becoming distended and completely filled with the mature capsul obscuring the angles, throat slightly oblique, teeth from one- thu-d to one-half the length of the tube ; corolla slender, funnel- form, 8-10 mm. long, reddish-purple, tube exserted at least half the length of the calyx, throat beardless with a lai^e yellowish or white patch spotted with red down the anterior part, lobes short squarish, mostly equal, lunb about 3 mm. in diameter, the whole withering persistent and becoming filiform; stamens included, not approximate, anthers reflexed, glabrous; style and sti^ included, stigma-lobes very unequal, ovate, acute; capsule broadly oblong-ovate, obtuse, compressed, little longer than the calyx; seeds smooth, oval, apiculate at both ends, less than twice as long as broad. Distribution : open gravelly places in the high Sierra Nevada Mts., California. Specimens examined ; I 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 305 California: Lassen's Peak, Aug., 1896, Bruce 4^3 (M); rocky meadow above Glen Alpine Springs, Eldorado Co., 18 June, 1920, Ottley 786 (Wellesley and M) ; Mt. Tallac, Lake Tahoe Region, 9500 ft.alt., 25 Aug., 1909, McGregor 191 (Stanford); Soda Springs, Nevada Co., 7000 ft. alt., 20 July, 1881, Jcmes 2396 (G and M); southeastern approaches to Castle Peak, Nevada Co., 31 July, 1903, Heller 7067 (Phil., M, R. Mt., Stan- ford, and Pomona) ; in open gravelly places, Sonora Pass, Tuo- lumne Co.,9600 ft. alt., 15 Aug., 1915, ^.L. Grant279 (Cornell, M, Ore., Calif. Acad., and Stanford); Peregoy's, Clark's, etc., 1872, Gray (G, type) ; Mono Trail, 10000 ft. alt., 1866, Bolander 6016 (U. S.); Beasore Meadow, Madera Co., 7500 ft. alt., 24 June 1918, A. L. Grant 1311 (PhU., Cornell, M, Calif., and Pomona); above Fresno Dome, Madera Co., 7000 ft. alt., 23 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1309a (M) ; abundant in open spaces, trail to Nellie Lake, Fresno Co., 8000 ft. alt., 11 July, 1917, A. L. Grant 1079 (M, G, N. Y., Cornell, U. S., Calif., and Stan- ford); Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., 7000 ft. alt., 27 July, 1918, A. L. Grant I48I (Phil., U. S., Cornell, M, R. Mt., Calif., and Pomona); trail to Mineral King, Upper Kaweah River, Tulare Co., 22 Aug., 1896, Dudley 1717 (Stanford); Red Lake at foot of Red Mt., Fresno Co., 9000 ft. alt., 2 Aug., 1920, A. L. Grant 1662a (Cornell, M, and Pomona); North Fork of King's River, 7000 ft. alt., July, 1900, Hall & Chandler 429 (M and Stanford) ; Upper Kaweah River, Tulare Co., 17 Aug., 1896, Dudley 1663 (Stanford). There seems to be much confxision as to what is really M. ^ptaleus, since in his description of this species Dr. Gray included what we now recognize as several distinct species. The original description reads ' ' Gravelly soil in the Sierra Nevada, California, at 5000 ft. and upwards, south of the Yosemite, Miss Dix, A. Gray, and in Sierra County, Lemmon." According to our present methods of procedure. Miss Dix's specimen would be the type species, but, on examining the specimens at the Gray Her- barium, we find that Dr. Gray labelled the specimens of Miss Dix's as "Mimulus leptaleus Gray var— " and another specimen ^f hers from "above Yosemite " is put on a sheet with M. me- Phiticm of Hutching's coUection and the whole sheet labelled, [Vol. 11 306 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN in Dr. Gray's handwriting, "M. mephiticus (Eunanus), Syn. Fl. N. Amer." The specimen of Miss Dix's is a larger plant with larger flowers and is undoubtedly M. mephiticus, described by Greene in 1885. In view of this, it has seemed advisable to accept Dr. Gray's collection from " Peregoy's, Clark's, etc., 1872," the next specimen cited, as the type. 92. M. Jepsonii Grant^ Glandular-pubescent plants; stems 3-8 cm. high, simple or usually more or less branched; leaves mostly basal, oblong, ob- lanceolate or ^atulate, 9-15 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, obtuse, tapering to a short slender petiole, 1-nerved, entire, mostly clustered with the flowers toward the tips of the stem and branches; pedicels filiform, 1-2 mm. long; calyx cylindrical, 2-3 mm. long, becoming 4-5 mm. long when mature, teeth triangular, acute to subulate, almost one-third the length of the tube, nearly equal, the throat oblique; corolla bilabiate, reddish-purple, funnelform, 9-10 mm. long, marcescent, becoming filiform, the tube very slender and at least 13/^ times as long as the calyx, throat abruptly expanding, slightly bearded below the lower li] lobes short, trimcate, unequal, the upper lip erect and longer than the lower, often with darker blotches down the throat, or with a large yellowish patch spotted with red; upper pair of stamens exserted, anthers glabrous ; style exserted, the stigma-lobes about as long as the corolla, subequal, broadly peltate-funnelform; capsule oblong, obtuse, usually slightly exceeding the somewhat distended calyx ; seeds faintly reticulate, apiculate at both ends almost as broad as long. Distribution: in the mountains of southern Oregon and Cah fornia. Specimens examined : Oregon: Cherry Creek Flat. Klamath Co., 4200 ft. alt., JuBe 9 J 1 Rose 1198 (M) Mimulus caulibua 3-8 . obtusis, 1* nervatis; calyce 2-3 mm. longo, dentibus fere aequalibus; coroUa ru^'^^^^^J 9-10 mm. longa, lobis inaequaUbus; staminibus glabris; stylo e^®*^, y^ofl at Twin Lakes (Grassy Lake), Lassen Co., 7300 ft. alt., 10 June, 1910, W. I- J^ 4112 (Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., Cornell Univ. Herb., and Univ. Calif. Herb., ttfe;. ^ 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 307 California: Sierra Co., 1874, Lemmon (G and M); Soda Springs, Nevada Co., 7000 ft. alt., 22 July, 1881, Jones 2459 (G and Stanford); Twin Lakes (Grassy Lake), Lassen Co., 7300 ft. alt., 10 Jiine, 1910, Jepson U12 (Calif., type, M, and Cornell). 93. M. Whitneyi Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 445. •1886; Smiley in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 336. 1921. Eunanus bicolor Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 381. 1867; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 103. 1885. M. nanus var. hicolor Gray in Bot. Calif. 1: 564. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^ : 275. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886. Small glandular-pub erulent plants, 2-4 cm. high, commonly freely branched from the base ; leaves entire, elliptical to linear, rarely spatulate, 1-2 cm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, acute, tapering to a slender base; flowers numerous, pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, teeth unequal, frequently incurved, lanceolate-subulate, about half as long as the tube, throat oblique; corolla funnelform, 1-1.2 cm. long, pubescent externally, marcescent, tube reddish or rarely yellow, slender, at least twice as long as the calyx, throat short, broad, and with few scattered hairs below the lower lip, lobes quadratish, nearly equal, yellow, usually with several broad, club-shaped blotches or lines of reddish-purple down the throat, occasionally the whole corolla reddish-purple or yellow; stamens included, the anthers small, mostly sparingly hispid, filaments of longer pair with retrorse hairs toward the base; style and stigma slightly longer than the upper pair of stamens, stigma-lobes oblong, the lower about half as long as the upper; capsule oblong, obtuse, usually as long as the calyx; seeds smooth, oval, apiculate at both ends. Distribution : restricted mainly to the high Sierra Nevada Mts. of Fresno and Tulare Counties, California. First collected by Brewer on Lieut. Whitney's Expedition. Specimens examined: California: High Sierras, Fresno Co., 1863, Brewer 2785 (G, TYPE); Markwood Meadow, Fresno Co., 5800 ft. alt., June, 1900, Hall & Chandler 377 (Calif.) ; Mt. Silliman, Tulare Co., 10000 ft. alt., 22 Aug., 1905, K. Brandegee (G and Calif.); open woods near Old Mt. Whitney, 10000-11000 ft. alt., 308 ANNALS OF THE [Vol. 11 Aug., 1896, Purpus 1988, 1989 (Calif.) ; gravelly soU, Kaweah Meadows, 9400 ft. alt., Aug., 1897, Pur'^nis 5650 (G and Calif.). Section 6. Mimulastrum Gray § 6. Mimulastrum Gray in Bot. Gaz. 9: 141. 1884; Syn, Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^ : Suppl. 446. 1886, excl. M. pictus; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siph. 457. 1900-1907. Eunanus § Mimulastrum Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 105. 1885, excl. M. jncius. Desert annuals; calyx strongly angulate-plicate, the orifice oblique, teeth unequal ; corolla salverf orm, tube short, included, throat exserted, gibbous, lobes nearly equal, rotate with erose margins ; stamens approximate in pairs ; style puberulent ; capsule membranous, dehiscent along the inner suture and part way down the outer suture : placentae seDaratinc to the base. > 1 94. M. mohavensis Lemmon in Bot. Gaz. 9: 142. 1884; Gray Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2^: Suppl. 446. 1886. PI. 10, fig. 13 Eunanus mohavensis Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 106 1885. Snaall profusely branched and leafy plants, 3-15 cm. high stem and branches dark reddish-purple; leaves reddish-green elliptical to obovate or oblong, 1-1.8 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad acute, entire, sessile, or the lower ones often short-petioled flowers numerous, mostly alternating in the axils, pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long; calyx acutely angled, deep reddish- purple, broadly campanulate with spreadmg teeth, often con- tracted at the very oblique throat, ciliate, nearly glabrous ex- ternally, puberulent on the inside, teeth broadly deltoid, acu- minate, the upper tooth 2-4 mm. long, about twice as long and broad as the others, usually recurved; corolla reddish-purple pubescent externally, tube very short, closely enfolding the ovary, scarious and constricted at the apex, throat cylindrical exserted less than half its length, gibbous at the base, somewhat contracted at the orifice and with a few long hairs in a patch down the lower side, lobes nearly equal, rotately spreading, 8-1* mm. across, with white, ciliate, more or less erose margins, marked by numerous red branching veins, base deep reddish-purple; > ) 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULtJS 309 I stamens glabrous, included, the style slightly longer, puberulent but not glandular, upper part of ovary slightly puberulent; capsule narrowly lanceolate, included; seeds oval, at least twice as long as broad, apiculate at each end, tuberculate. Distribution: in small patches on sandy slopes or dry washes along the Mohave River; apparently local in distribution. Specimens examined: California: Calico, Mohave Desert, May, 1884, Lemmon (Calif.); dry hills at Barstow, 29 May, 1914, Parish 9243 (Cornell, M., Calif., and Stanford); hills just east of Barstow, May, 1903, K. Brandegee (Calif, and Pomona) ; Barstow, 2100 ft. alt., 22 April, 1914, Jepson 5823 (Cornell, M, and Calif.); Kane Spring, Ord Mts., 1 May, 1906, Hall 103. M. Douglasii Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 95. part; Bot. Calif. 1 : 563. 1876, in part; Syn. Fl. N. Am 1878, ed. 2, 1886, m part, and Suppl. 443. 1886. 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 321 M. nanus p subuniflorus Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey's Voyage, 378. 1840. Eunanus Douglasii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 374. 1846; PL Hartw. 329. 1849; Greene in BuU. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 98. 1885; HoweU, Fl. Northwest Am. 518. 1901, in part. M. atropurpureus Kell. in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 59. 1873. Eunanus subuniflorus Greene, Manual Bay Region, 275. 1894. M, subuniflorus Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 404. 1901, and ed. 2, 377. 1911 ; Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 508. 1906. Short-caulescent plants, 2-6 cm. high; stems erect, viscid or glandular-pubescent; leaves rhombic-ovate or oblong, 1,5-3 cm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, 3-5-veined, hirsute, tapering to a short broad petiole; flowers on short thick pedicels, often longer than the stem; calyx 1-1.4 cm. long, tubular, constricted at the throat, teeth triangular, obtuse, short, ciliate, tube sparingly hirsute; corolla 4-5.5 cm. long, sparsely puberulent on the outer surface, tube white or yellow, slender, 2-3 times the length of the calyx, expanding abruptly to a broad, oblong, urn-shaped throat, rose- purple above and closely streaked with darker rose-purple below, lobes rose-purple, upper lip erect, 7-8 mm. long, lower lip very short, middle lobe 2 mm. long with two yellow patches near the "largm, lateral lobes obsolete or nearly so ; longer pair of stamens ^th puberulent filaments; stigma-lips unequal, the upper lip oblong, acuminate, ciliate, the lower triangular, scale-like; capsule ovate, tardily dehiscent down the inner suture; seeds oval, apiculate, scurfy-muriculate. Distribution : foothills of southern Oregon, southward to central Calif Specimens examined: Oregon: Roseburg, Umpqua Valley, April, 1887, Howell 124^ (M and Ore.); Waldo, April, 1892, Howell 1466 (R. Mt. and Calif.); Merlin, 14 May, 1887, Henderson 753 (Ore. and Stan- ford); Corvallis, 14 May, 1887, Getty (Ore.); Grant's Pass, 15 April, 1915, Canhy 35 (Ore.); Wimer, 9 April, 1889, Hammond (G). California: Mendocino Co., 1866, Bolander 4796 (M); gravelly soil where wet in spring, Dinsmore's ranch opposite Buck Mt., Humboldt Co.. 2500 ft. alt.. 19 June, 1913, Traxni 4^08 (Calif.); omia 322 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 near Clear Creek, Butte Co., 175 ft. alt., 1-15 April, 1897, Brown 148 (M); Chico, 25 Dec, 1882, Parry (M); mesa east of Chico, Feb., 1896, Austin 221 (M) ; Chico, 1879, Bi^wdX (G); Eldorado Co., April, 1884, Curran (Phil, and Stanford); Sweetwater, April, 1884, Curran (G); Auburn, 1878, Ames (G); Agricultural Station, Amador Co., 2000 ft. alt., April, 1891, Hansen 108 (M and Stanford); Amador Co., April, 1889, Brandegee (M and Stanford); Table Mt. above Rawhide, Tuolumne Co., 2000 ft. alt., 11-16 April, 1919, Ferns Wl (Stanford) ; in heavy soil, French Flat, Tuolumne Co., 1400 ft. alt., 11-16 April, 1919, Ferris 1550 (Stanford); Columbia, Tuolimine Co., 31 May, 1915, Jepson 6335 (Cornell and Calif.) ; western side of Mariposa Valley, 12 April, 1903, Cmg- don (M); Mariposa, 24 March, 1895, Congdon (M); near Milo, Tulare Co., 24 April, 1919, Goetz 4a (M); Live Oaks, San Joaquin Co., 15 March, 1886, Rattan (Stanford); Live Oaks, March, 1883, Rattan (Stanford) ; near West Point Inn, Mt. Tamalpais, 12 AprU, 1918, A. L. Grant 1207 (CorneU, M, and Calif.) ; southern slopes of Walker Canon, near Pine Peak, Vaca Mts., 11 March, 1890, Jepson 61m (Calif.); Lake- port, Lake Co., 16 May, 1917, Bentley (Stanford); top of dry hills, Marin Co., 1860-62, Brewer 953 (G) ; bare hill above Mud Lakes, San Mateo Co., 31 March, 1918, Ferris 758 (Stanford) by cross roads, between Woodside and Crystal Springs Lake San Mateo Co., 23 March, 1915, Abrams 5566 (Stanford) foothills near San Mateo, 12 April, 1903, C. F. Baker 515 (Pomona) ; Hernandez, San Benito Co., 18 April, 1903, Lathrop (Stanford); Monte Bello, Santa Clara Co., 2 April, 1904, A brams (Stanford) ; summit of the first ridge west of Los Gatos 25 March, 1904, Heller 7273 (M and Stanford) ; open hillsides, head of Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Co., 2 AprU, 1904, (Stan- ford) ; Loma Prieta, Santa Clara Co., 4 April, 1894, Ban ^^ (Calif.); Mt. HamUton, April, 1903, Elmer 5049 (Stanford; , Santa Lucia Mts., April, 1898, Plashett 76 (G); California, Coulter 636 (G and Phil.); California, Dmglas (G and N. i-. type collection), ,. The urn-shaped corolla-tube and the nearly obsolete ^^f'^ ,? of the corolla distinguish this species from all of the other Mimw - I ; I 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMTJLUS 323 J 104. M. Traskiae Grant in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 5: 226. 1923. Stem glandular-pubescent, 10-14 cm. high, simple; leaves few, broadly ovate, 3-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, entire, nearly gla- brous, the lowermost tapering to a short petiole, the upper nearly sessile; pedicels slender, 3-4 mm. long; caljTc narrowly oblong, 1.7-2 cm. long, glandular-pubescent, tube membranous, throat spreading, teeth long-ovatfe, the upper incurved and at least twice the length of the others; corolla 2-2.7 cm. long, reddish- purple and white, tube slender, slightly longer than the upper- most calyx-tooth and 6-8 times as long as the short funnelform throat, lips unequal, the lower reddish-purple with very short rounded lobes, the upper white with broad erect lobes; style slightly exserted, it and the upper pair of stamens villous, stigma- lips unequal, the upper ovate, acute, the lower triangular and less than half as long; capsule 8 mm. long, tardily dehiscent; seeds not seen. Distribution : known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: Calif orn ia : in shade, Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, March, 1901, B. Trask (M, no. 99805, type, N. Y., U. S., and Greene). Section 8. Pseudoenoe Grant § 8. Pseudoenoe Grant, new section § Mimulastrum Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: Suppl. 446. 1886, as to M. picius. Eunanus § Mimulastrum Greene m Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 105. 1885, as to M. pidus. Desert annuals ; calyx cylindrical, teeth broad, short, unequal ; coroUa salverform, tube very short, throat mcluded, cylindrical, gibbous at the base and somewhat contracted at the apex, limb rotately spreading, the lobes reticulately vemed with red, un- equal; stamens and style included, style glandular-pubescent; stigma-Ups unequal, the lower one nearly obsolete; capsule cori- aceous or woody, narrowly cylindrical, mucronate, gibbous at the base, readUy dehiscent part way along the inner suture and for a short distance along the outer, usually rupturing the closely [Vol. 11 324 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN ^ invested calyx ; placentae separating to the base and adherent to each valve. Sp. 105. 105. M. pictus (Curran) Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2': Suppl. 446. 1886. Eunanus pictus Curran, in herb., ex Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 106. 1885. Stem more or less 4-angled, simple or branched from the base, 10-25 cm. high, viscid-pubescent with some glandular hairs; leaves thin, few, obovate to oblong, 1.3-2.3 cm. long, 3-9 nun. broad, obtuse, sessile, entire or often irregularly toothed; flowers few, pedicels stout, 2-3 mm. long; calyx cylindrical, accrescent, 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, not constricted at the throat, membranous, reticulately veined, more or less viscid-villous with some glandular hairs, weakly angled, teeth short, broadly tri- angular, obtuse, the upper not much longer than the others; corolla 10-12 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the calyx, deep reddish-purple, tube 2-3 mm. long, constricted at the top, throat cylindrical, gibbous at the base and with a patch of long hairs on the lower side, orifice slightly constricted, limb rotately spreading, lobes deep reddish-purple at the base, unequal, the lower one larger and hairy, margins white, reticulately veined with red; stamens glabrous, often not approximate in pairs; stigma-lobes unequal, upper oblong, lower almost obsolete; capsule slightly shorter than the calyx ; seeds oblong, about twice as long as broad, apiculate at both ends, reticulate. Distribution : known only from Central California. Mrs. K. Brandegee says that it has the strong tobacco-like odor common in some of the species of the section Eunanus. Specimens examined : California: Keene Station, June, 1884, Curran (Calif., type, and Stanford) ; Tehachapi, June, 1884, Curran (G, Calif., and Stan- ford); Lindsay, 19 April, 1921, Ferns (Calif. Acad.); Portei' viUe, 12 April, 1922, J, Kelley (Calif. Acad.). Section 9. Tropanthus Grant § 9. Tropanthus Grant, new section Glabrous shrubs; leaves pinnately veined, coriaceous, s^i^J^ covered with sessile glands ; calyx cylindrical, coriaceous, gland- 1924] GRA.NT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 325 ular, spirally twisted over the capsule in fruit, teeth equal ; corolla bilabiate, tube elongated, ampliate, lobes unequal; anthers gla- brous; style pubescent; capsule coriaceous, tardily dehiscent to the base along both sutures, placentae separating completely. Sp. 106. M. Treleasei Grant PL 3, fig. 1 Stem woody, terete, mahogany-colored, glabrous; leaves ob- ovate or elliptical, 2-3 cm, long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, acute, denti- culate along upper half, with mucronate teeth, thick, almost coriaceous, glabrous, shining, covered with sessile glands, tapering to a short, narrow petiole, smaller leaves fascicled in the axils; pedicels stout, shorter than the leaves; calyx cylindrical, 1.4-1.5 cm, long, leathery, covered with sessile glands, becoming spirally twisted over the capsule in* fruit, teeth ciliate, truncate, tipped with a slender almost subulate point; corolla tubular, 4,2-4,4 cm. long, throat ampliate, tube at least twice as long as the calyx, pubescent externally, lobes short, rounded, slightly erose, ciliate, 8-10 nmi. long, lobes of the upper lip longer and broader than those of the lower lip and strongly reflexed, lower lip more or less spreading; stamens exserted, filaments thin, flattened, pubescent, anthers glabrous ; style sparingly pubescent, stigma lobes oblong, equal; capsule included, about half as long as the caljTC, slightly stipitate, thick, coriaceous, broadly oblong, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, compressed, tardily dehiscent to the base along both sutures; placentae separating completely; seeds oblong, longitudinally wrinkled. Distribution: known only from the type locality. Specimens examined : Puebla: Tehuacan, 2 June, 1905, Trelease 68 (M, type). ^' Treleasei is a peculiar species, combining the calyx char- acters of Eumimulus with the shrubbiness, the pubescent style, . ' Mimulus Treleasei Grant, sp. nov., caules lignoai, glabri; foliis obovatis ellipti j*ye, acutis, denticulatis, dentibus mucronatis, petiolis brevibus, crassis, conaceia ^«cidi8, cum glandibus sessiUbus ; pediculis crassis, foliis bre vioribus ; caly ce 1 .4-1.5 «n. longo, coriaceo, intorto super capsulam in fructu, dentibus ciliatis, truncatis jaucronatis; corolla " brevibus, rotundis Ua tubulata, 4.2-4.4 cm. longa, tubo calyce dupio longiore, lobia b, ciliatis; staminibus exsertis, antheris glabris; stylo vix pubes- ^t«; capsula coriacea, tarda dehiscente.— CoUected at Tehuacan, Mexico, 2 June, 1905, Wm, Trelease 68 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. 112585, type). 326 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 and the separated placentae of Diplacus. The capsule is short and broad and apparently does not split the calyx when mature. The spiral twisting of the upper part of the calyx over the mature capsule is unlike that of any other species in the genus. The type sheet contains only two short branches of this unusual plant, and as this is the only material known it has been impossible to tell anything about the size of the plant nor can the color of the flowers be determined. Section 10. Diplacus Gray § 10. Diplacus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 97. 1876; Syn. M. N. Am. 2^: 275. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 442. 1886; Bot. Calif. 1: 565. 1876; Benth. & Hopk. Gen. PL 2:. 947. 1876; Wetts. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4'"» : 71. 1891. Diplacus Nutt. in Taylor's Ann. Nat. Hist. I. 1: 137. 1838; Nutt. ex Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mkg. II. 12: under pi S655. 1838; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846, excl. D. rugosus; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 94. 1885; Pittonia 2: 151. 1890; Manual Bay Region, 274. 1894; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 402. 1901, and ed. 2, 375. 1911; Howell, Fl. Northwest Am. 517. 1901 ; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 363. 1904, and ed. 2, 334. 1917. Shrubs 6-18 dm. high; leaves thick, firm, usually dark green, mostly revolute in the bud and with compound sessile glands on one or both surfaces ; calyx narrow-prismatic or tubular, generally closely adhering to the capsule and ruptured by it m dehiscence, throat oblique, teeth short, unequal; corolla funnelform, yellow, orange, red, or salmon color, mostly distinctly bilabiate wit wide open throat and more or less spreading uregular lobes, stamens glabrous, approximate in pairs, unequally inserted, e longer pair inflated at the point of attachment, anthers conniven at apex, glabrous; style glandular-pubescent along the uppe half, often thickened at the base when mature; stigma-lips equ^ or subequal; capsule linear-oblong, firm, coriaceous, commonly dehiscent down the inner suture and held open along *^^^^, one, occasionally dehiscent down both sutures, the broad p centae borne on the valves. Sp. 107-114. s 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 327 Key TO THE Species - A. Plants glandular-villous, not glutinous; corolla-lobes nearly equal, margins entire • -iO?, M. Clevelandii B. Plants glutinous, with sessile compound glands; corolla bilabiate, lobes unequal, margins erose, irregukrly notched or lobed. a. Upper part of stem and calyx more or less white-woolly or villous 108. M. hngijUrr'M b. Uf)per part of stem and calyx glabrous or pubescent. a. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces. I. Corolla 4.5-6.5 cm. long, yellow- 1. Calyx 2-3 cm. long; stems straw color or gray 109. M. leptanthus 2. Calyx 3-3.5 cm. long; stems yellow HO. M. aridus II. Corolla 2.5-4 cm. long, red 114- M. parvifiorus p. Leaves more or less pubescent on the lower surface, I. Leaves densely orange-pubescent beneath; corolla puberulent. 11 1^ M. stellaiVrS II. Leaves pale yellowish or brownish-pubescent beneath; corolla mostly glabrous. 1. Corolla yellow; leaves mostly densely pubescent beneath ' 112. M. atwantiacua 2. CoroUa red ; leaves mostly sparsely pubescent below. ...IIS.M. puniceua 107. M. Clevelandii Brandg. in Garden and Forest 8: 134, fig. 20. 1895. Diplacus Clevelandii Greene in Erythea 4: 22. 1896. Suffrutescent. freelv branched at the base, 3-6 dm. high; stems 5 cm villous-pubescent with numerous glandular hairs but nc tmous; leaves oblong or lanceolate, 2.5-10.5 cm. long, 1-2 broad, acute, tapering to a broad sessile base, enth-e or usually serrate along upper half, hispid, margins sometimes revolute; pedicels slender, 2 mm. long, flowers few, confined to the upper part of the stem and branches; calyx campanulate, 2.5-2.7 cm. long, glandular-pubescent externally, pubescent on the inner surface, tube narrow and constricted above the ovary, upper ^^ spreading to an ampliate oblique throat, teeth unequal, lanceolate, obtuse, about one-third the length of the calyx; corolla 3.6^ cm. long, golden-yellow, tube pubescent, mcluded, expandmg gradually to a broad f unnelf orm throat, lobes rounded, entire, little spreading, nearly equal; stamens included, maments puberulent at the base, attached to the lower part of the tube; style included, densely puberulent, sUghtly swollen at the base; stigma peltate-f unnelf orm with rounded nearly equal hps; {Vou 11 328 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN capsule 1 cm. long, ovate-oblong, tapering slightly to the tip; seeds elliptical, apiculate at each end, muriculate. Distribution: collected only in southern California. Specimens examined : California : frequent along trail on high ridge, Glen Ivy to San- tiago Peak, Riverside Co., 4000 ft. alt., 14 June, 1923, Mum 7062 (Pomona) ; south side of Cuyamaca Peak, San Diego Co., 6000 ft. alt., 7 July, 1894, T. S. Brandegee (G, U. S., Calif., TYPE, Stanford, and Pomona); Cuyamaca Mts., June, 1895, T. S. Brandegee (N. Y.); High Mt., near Descanso, San Diego Co., 24 May, 1906, T. S. Brandegee (F); Descanso Grade, San Diego Co., June, 1906, K. Brandegee (Pomona). An unusual species combining characters of the sections Diplacus and Eunanus. T. S. Brandegee says that it grows in patches, spreading by underground roots. 108. M. longiflorus (Nutt.) Grant in Gentes Herb. 1: 136. 1923 PI. 10, fig Diplacus longiflorus Nutt. in Taylor^s Ann. Nat. Hist. 1. 1 : 139. 1838, by error published as D. longiflora; Nutt. ex Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 12: under pi 3655. 1838; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846; Greene, Pittonia 2: 156. 1890, not Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 96. 1885; Davy in Card. Chron. HI- 16: 20. 1894; Abrams, PI. Los Angeles, 364. 1904, and ed. % 334. 1917. M. glutinosus var. hrachypus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 9' • 1876; Bot. Calif. 1 : 566. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2» : 276. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 442. 1886. Diplacus arachnoideus Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 210. 1885. Diplacus spedosus Davy in Erythea 2: 101. 1894; Davy m Gard. Chron. III. 16: 20. 1894. A profusely branched shrub, 3-9 dm. high ; stem and branches densely pubescent with short scattered glandular hairs; leaves lanceolate to Imear-lanceolate or oblong, 3-8 cm. long, .5-1-5 cm. broad, obtuse, entke or occasionally toothed along the upper half, tapering to a sessile base, yeUowish-green, nearly g^^^^^ above, usually pubescent beneath with branched or unbranchea 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 329 hairs, the pubescence more or less deciduous, smaller leaves fre- quently fascicled in the axils, lower leaves sometimes petiolate; pedicels 3-10 mm. long, and, as well as the younger parts of the stem, branches^ and calyces, usually densely villous and glandular- pubescent; calyx 2.5-3.5 cm. long, slender below, constricted near the middle and then expanding abruptly to a long wide throat, teeth narrow, obtuse, ciliate, the longest 7-10 mm. long; corolla 4.5-7 cm. long, cream-color to sahnon-yellow, tube usually narrow and distinctly exserted, throat broad, gibbous at the base, funnelform, lobes .8-1.5 cm. long, broadly rounded or truncate, irregularly cut, erose or wavy, upper lip nearly erect, lower spread- ing and somewhat longer; stamens included, attached near the top of the tube; style slightly exserted, slender and usually eiJarged at the base when mature ; stigma-lips subequal, broadly ovate, ciliate, densely pubescent on the inner surface; capsule linear-oblong; seeds oblong, apiculate at both ends, miuiculate. Distribution: common in the foothills throughout the coast region of southern California and southward into Lower Cali- fornia. Specimens examined: California: dry rocky places, Palo Santo, San Luis Obispo Co., Brewer 686 (G) ; Blochman's Ranch, Santa Maria, 17 June, 1906, Eastwood 461 (Calif. Acad.) ; Sisquoc River, Santa Bar- bara Co., July, 1895, M. S. Baker (Stanford) ; near lake, Zaca Lake Forest Reserve, Santa Barbara Co., 19 June, 1906, Eastwood 643 (Calif. Acad.); state highway between Santa Inez Mission and Gaviota Pass, Santa Barbara Co., 10 June, 1917, Ahrams 6529 (Stanford); Gaviota Pass, Santa Barbara Co., 19 July, 1913, Ahrams 6033 (M, Stanford, and Pomona); La Cumbre Trail, Santa Inez Mts., 28 Aug., 1909, Ahrams 4321 (Stanford) ; Santa Cruz Island, 16-17 July, 1917, Eastwood 6388 (Calif. Acad.) ; Santa Cruz Island, 6 June, 1918, Miller (Calif. Acad.) ; San Ysidro ranch, Aug., 1913, Newell (Calif. Acad.); Santa Barbara, 25 April, 1913, G. B. Grant (Stanford); Santa Barbara hills, 400 ft. alt., 14 May, 1907, H. M. Hall ^7'5P (M); Mission Canon, Santa Barbara, 21 April, 1908, Eastwood 19 (M); Santa Barbara, 13 July, 1880, Earh (M); Santa Barbara, May, 1902, Elmer 3969 (M and Stanford) ; [Vol. 11 330 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Santa Barbara, May, 1889, K. Brandegee (M); at junction of Rattlesnake Canon Road, Santa Barbara, 23 May, 1911, Nichols 905 (Stanford) ; Eucalyptus Drive, Santa Barbara, 23 May, 1911, Nichols 907 (Stanford); Sycamore Canon, Santa Barbara, 23 May, 1911, Nichols 908 (Stanford) ; Santa Barbara, 1885, Gray (G) ; Casitas Pass, Ventura Co., 500 ft. alt., 6-8 May, 1902, H. M. Hall 3160 (Stanford and Pomona); La Casitas, 24 July, 1911, Nichols 1013, 1014, 1016, 1017 (Stan- ford); dry rocks, Ojai VaUey, 8 April, 1888, Batchelder (G); Nordhoff, Ventura Co., 12 April, 1916, Eastwood 4960 (Calif. Acad.); Saticoy, 17 April, 1916, Eastwood 5051 (Calif. Acad.); Conejo Grade, Ventura Co., 10 July, 1923, Wilkinson 1 (Cor- nell) ; Sulphur Mt. Spring, Ventura Co., 1000-2000 ft. alt., 12 June, 1908, Abrams & McGregor 55 (Stanford and Pomona); Mt. Lowe, 19 July, 1915, Drushel (Drushel); Mt. Wilson, 19 July, 1915, Drushel (M and Drushel); Wilson's Peak, 1 Aug-., 1890, /. M. Johnston (Pomona) ; mts. near Claremont, 15 May, 1909, C. F. Baker 5320 (Stanford and Pomona); Topango Canon, Santa Monica Mts., 3 June, 1916, Fta« (M and Pomona) ; Santa Monica Forestry Station, summer of 1897, Barher 298 (M) ; Santa Monica Mts., 1000 ft. alt., 15 May, 1920, Mum & Harwood 401 (M and Pomona) ; Sepul- veda Canon, Santa Monica Mts., 15 June, 1902, Ahrams 25Jt3 (M and Stanford) ; La Crescenta, Wislizenus 1291, m part (M); canons, Los Angeles, June, 1888, Hasse (M) ; stony hillsides, Lone Hill, Glendora, 11 AprU, 1918, Munz 2033 (Pomona); Altadena, 24 May, 1904, G. B. Grant 286 (M); RusseU's Lake, Los Angeles Co., 18 July, 1913, Abrams 5020 (Stanford and Pomona); Lone Hill near San Dimas, Los Angeles Co., 19 April, 1919, Parish 19264 (M); dry ground under pines. North Fork San Antonio Canon, 7500 ft. alt., 28 July, 1917, L^- Johnston 1607 (Stanford and Pomona) ; on a rock slide, San Antonio Mts., 5500 ft. alt., 16 June, 1918, Parish 11987 {m Canon Diablo, San Bernardino Mts., 2000 ft. alt., 8 June 1917, Parish 11346 (M and Pomona); Johnson's Pastures 15 May, 1916, RoUnson (Pomona); Arrowhead Springs, ban Bernardino Mts., 13 May, 1891, Fritchey 6 (M); Arrowhea Hot Springs, 21-28 May, 1906, G. B. Grant (Stanford) ; vicuuty ; t } 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 331 of San Bernardino, 1000-2500 ft. alt., 26 June, 1897, Parish U68 (G, M, and Calif.) ; foothills, San Bernardino Co., May, 1888, Parish (M); vicinity of San Bernardino, 1000-2500 ft. alt., 18 May, 1901, Parish 4792 (Stanford); southern Cali- fornia, 1876, Parry & Lemmon 311 (M). Mexico : Lower California : Santa Tomas hills, northern Lower California, 17 May, 1886, Orcutt (M) ; near San Rafael, northern Lower California, 11 July, 1885, Orcutt 1295 (G and M); All Saints Bay, 16 May, 1885, Greene (G and Stanford). 108a. Var. calycinus (Eastw.) Grant, comb. nov. Diplacus calycinus Eastw. in Bot. Gaz. 41 : 287. 1908. Stems numerous, irregularly branched, light brown or straw- colored, upper part densely woolly; leaves obovate or oblong, obtuse, 2-6 cm. long, 3-23 mm. wide; pedicels and calyces densely viscid-woolly with long white, mostly unbranched hairs, tube constricted near the center, often breaking at or near the constriction; capsule about half as long as the calyx. Distribution: southern part of the Sierra Nevada Mts., Cali- fornia. Specimens examined; California: rocks near Sprmgfield, 1000-2000 ft. alt., April- Sept., 1897, Purpus 5621 (G and M) ; rocks. Granite Basm, Kern River Region, 16 July, 1895, DudUy 750 (Stanford); South Fork of Kaweah River, Tulare Co., 6000 ft. alt., 22 'July, 1904, Culhertson U07, distributed by C. F. Baker (G, M, Calif. Acad., type, and Pomona); Kern River Road between Bakersfield and Bodfish, Digger Pine Belt, 29 July, 1915, Abrams 5350 (Stanford) ; cafion sides from Lemon Cove to Three Rivers, about 1000 ft. alt., Jepson 593 (Calif Tehipite Valley, Fresno Co., 4000 ft. alt., 6-10 July, iiall & ChandUr 511 (N. Y. and M); South Fork Kaweah, Olough Cave Ford, 19 June, 1902, DudUy (Stanford) ;Rowen, Tehachapi Mts., 14 April, 1916, Jepson 67^1 (Calif.); Teha- chapi, May, 1889, K. Brandegee (G, M, and Stanford) ; Erekin Creek, 2000-3000 ft. alt., 1897, Purpus 6338 W; ^^^ Canyon, Kern Co., 26 April, 1905, HelUr 7771 (G, Phil., M, 1900 332 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (Vol. 11 and Stanford) ; Simpson Meadow, Middle Fork King's River, July, 1913, Eliot (Calif.) ; Middle Tule River, 2500 ft. alt., 26 June, 1912, Jepson 4862 (Cornell and CaUf.). Much confusion has been caused by the large number of inter- mediates between M. longiflorus and M. 'puniceus. That the plants hybridize has been demonstrated by experimental work already discussed. These intermediates can easily be separated into four groups, of which the following two agree closely with known hybrids. > 108b. M. longiflorus x M. puniceus Stems densely glandular-pubescent ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent below; calyx 2-2.5 cm. long, puberulent, often viscid-villous at the base, the upper part not widely inflated corolla 3.5-5 cm. long, dark red, lobes .5-1 cm. long, truncate, crenate. Distribution : southern California from Los Angeles Co. to San Diego Co. Specimens examined: California: Butte, west of Lakeview, 8 May, 1920, /. M. Johnston , 2295 (M and Pomona); Puddington Canon, 5 April, 1919, Mum, Street & Williams 2U7 (Pomona); near Murietta, Santa Ana Mts., 1500 ft. alt., 29 March, 1920, Robinson & Crocker (Pomona) ; vicinity of Riverside, 21 Apnl» 1902, H. M. Hall 2928 (M and Pomona); rocky hill near Moreno, Riverside Co., 17 Jan., 1920, Barrus & Reed 115 (Cornell); mountain side at Rainbow, San Di^o Co., 21 March, 1920, Barrus & Whetzel 209a (Cornell); Botanica Garden, University of California, 1 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1618 {Cornell and M). The corolla of this hybrid is similar to that of M. puniceus, except that it is longer and has a broader limb. The upper hall of the calyx is inflated, resembling that of M. longiflorus. 108c. M. longiflorus x M. puniceus. , Calyx glandular-pubescent, more or less viscid-villous on lower part, not expanded above the middle; corolla 4-5.5 cm- long, salmon color, limb 2.5-3 cm. wide. 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 333 Distribution : southern California from Los Angeles Co. to San Diego Co. Specimens examined: California: San Jose Hills, 3 miles west of Pomona, 1000 ft. alt., 13 March, 1920, Munz & Harwood 3356, 3339 (M and Pomona) ; Butte, due west of Lakeview, 2000 ft. alt., 8 May, 1920, /. M. Johnston 2280, 2281 , 2283, 228 Jt, 2289, 2292, 2293, 2297 (M and Pomona) ; hills near Ysidora, San Diego Co., 22 April, 1903, Ahrams 3286 (G and M); San Diego, 1874, Cleveland (M); Pala Mission, San Diego Co., 12 April, 1920, Jepson 8493 (Calif.) ; Botanical Garden, University of California, 1 June, 1918, A. L. Grant 1619 (G, Cornell, M, and Pomona). The flowers of this hybrid seem to be intermediate between the two parents. The calyx is of the general shape of that of M. puniceus whereas the corolla is similar to that of M. longifiarus, except in regard to color. The amount of hairiness varies, but in general it is intermediate between the two parents. It is probable that the plants of the two other groups are also of hybrid origin, but further experimental work will have to be done to determine their exact status. Utitil such studies are made, it seems advisable to give the members of these two groups varietal names. 108d. Var. rutilus Grant ^ Stem, branches, calyces, and the short pedicels densely glandu- lar-villous ; leaves numerous, narrowly oblong to broadly lance- olate, obtuse, dentate, dark green, villous at the base, pubescent on the lower surface; corolla 4.5-5.5 cm. long, dark velvety-red, varying to sahnon-red, tube as long as the calyx, throat ventn- cose, lobes .8-1.5 cm. long, broad, truncate, irregularly cut; stamens short, included in the lower part of the throat ; style included; stigma-lips subequal, the longer ovate-obtuse, the ■ ' Mimulus longiflorus var. rutflus Grant, var. nov., caulis, rami, calyces et breves Pediculis dense glanduloso-vUlosi ; corolla rutila; staminibus breyftus, inc uas. rtylo incluso.-CoUected at Santa Susanna Pass, Ventura Co, 10 /^f' J»f"' ^f^le Lewis Grant 1650 (Gray Herb., U. S. Nat. Herb., Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci- Hert,. N- Y. Bet. Card. Herb., Cornell Univ. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb no. 894182, ^PE. Rocky Mt. Herb., Calif. Acad. Sci! Herb., Univ. Calif. Herb.. Stanford Umv. Herb., and Pomona Coll. Herb.). [Vol. 11 334 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN shorter deltoid ; capsule almost as long as the calyx and with no tubercular enlargement at the apex. Distribution: foothills in Ventura Co. and Los Angeles Co., California. Specimens examined : California: Santa Susanna Pass, Ventura Co., 10 June, 1920, A. L. Grant 1650 (G, U. S., Phil., N. Y., Cornell, M, type, R. Mt., Calif. Acad., Calif., Stanford, and Pomona) ; Santa Susanna Mts., Feb., 1861, Brewer 208 (G and U. S.); hills near Chatsworth Park, 3 April, 1917, F. Gnnnell,Jr. (Pomona); Lone Hill near San Dimas Canon, 1100 ft. alt., 17 March, 1920, Mum 3362 (M and Pomona) ; Lone HUl near San Dimas, Los Angeles Co., 19 April, 1919, Pansh 19266 (M); Griffith Park, 11 June, 1902, Braunton m (U. S.) ; San Antonio Canon, Claremont, 23 May, 1909, C. F. Baker 5354 (Pomona). 108e. Var. linearis (Benth.) Grant, comb. nov. M. Uneans Benth. Scroph. Ind. 27. 1835; Walp. Rep. 3: 274. 1844-45. Diplacus linearis Greene, Pittonia 2: 156. 1890. M. glutinosus var. linearis Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. ^^'^ ' 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 275. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl 442. 1886. Diplacus leptanthus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846, not Nuttall. , Calyx 2.5-2.8 cm. long, glandular-puberulent, not widened much in the upper part, more or less glandular-villous below, especiaUy when in bud; corolla 4-5.5 cm. long with a wide limD, similar to that of M. longifiorus. (. Distribution: southern California from Ventura Co. to & Diego Co. Specimens examined : M ch California : canyon near Murietta, Santa Ana Mts., 29 ^^l ' 1916, RoUnson & Crocker (M) ; Butte, due west of ^^"^J 2000 ft. alt., 8 May, 1920, /. M. Johnston 2282, 2285, ^^' .2291, 2294, 2296 (M) ; Whittier, 18 March, 1920, C.O. ^ 208 (Cornell); San Diego Co., May, 1889, K. Brandegee (.i ^ Laguna, between Campbell's and Cameron's ranclies, 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 335 June, 1894, Mearns 3659 (G); near Alpine, San Diego Co., 10 July, 1912, Abrams 4900 (G); hills near Ysidora, San Diego Co., 23 April, 1903, Ahrams S287 (M); hills between Campo and Potrero, San Diego Co., 3 June, 1903, Ahrams 3716 (M); San Pasqual Grade, San Diego Co., 12 April, 1920, Jepson 8504 (Calif.) ; California, without date, Douglas (G and N. Y., probably part of the type). 109. M. leptanthus (Nutt.) Grant in Gentes Herb. 1: 136. 1923. Diplacus leptanthus Nutt. in Taylor*s Ann. Nat. Hist. 1. 1 : 138. 1838, by error published as D. leptantha; Nutt. ex Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 12: under pi 3655. 1838. Diplacus grandifl&rus Gr6nl. in Paris Rev. Hort. IV. 6: 402, fig- 136. 1857; Planchon in Fl. des Serres 9: pi. 883. 1853-54; Greene, Pittonia 2 : 156. 1890. Diplacus glutinosus var. grandifiarus Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. 3:pZ. 92. 1851-53. Diplacus longiflorus Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 96. 1885, mainly, not Nuttall. Stem and branches slender, puberulent; leaves numerous, oblong to spatulate, 2.5-5 cm. long, .7-1.4 cm. broad, rounded at apex or merely obtuse, tapering to a slender, sessile base, glabrous, shining as though varnished but not glandular, entire or slightly toothed, frequently revolute, smaller leaves often fascicled in the axils, lower leaves occasionally petioled; pedicels slender, puberulent, .6-1.5 cm. long; calyx tubular, 2-3 cm. long, slender, nearly glabrous, teeth triangular, acute, about one-fourth as long as the calyx, ciliate; corolla 4.5-6.5 cm. long, yellow, tube very slender, exserted, expanding abruptly to a long wide throat, lobes deeply cut, broad, emarginate, often with a spread of 3 cm. ; stamens included; style slender, somewhat exserted, sometimes ^th a slight enlargement at the base; stigma-lips equal, ovate, rounded; capsule short; seeds oblong, apiculate at both ends, papillate. Distribution : foothills of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range ^ts,, California. Specimens examined : 336 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 California: Belden, Plumas Co., 18 June, 1910, Jepson 4150 (Calif.); American River Mills, Plumas Co., May, 1874, Ames (G) ; Emigrant Gap, July, 1916, Herbrand (Cornell and Calif.); Emigrant Gap, 28 June, 1882, Jones S288 (M, Pomona, and Calif. Acad.); De Sabla, 6 June, 1917, Edwards (Stanford); American River, May, 1912, von Geldern (Calif. Acad.); Bear Valley above Towles, July, 1894, Brier (Calif.) ; rocks by South Yuba River, Nevada Co., 14 June, 1893, Dudley (Stanford); Nevada City, May, 1902, Kitts (G and U. S.) ; between Chico and Forest Ranch, 18 May, 1914, Heller 11407 (G, Cornell, M, Stanford, and Calif.); Butte Co., June, 1897, Austin (G); hills east of Chico, May, 1896, Austin (M) ; Sierra's, without date, Bolander & Kellogg (Stanford); Upper Sacramento, Stillman (G); Placer Co., 1893, Hardy (U. S.); Tassajara Hot Springs, Monterey Co., Jime, 1901, Elmer S367 (M and Stan- ford); Tassajara Springs, Santa Lucia Mts., June, 1901, Dudley (Stanford) ; Big Sur River, Monterey Co., July, 1897, Bolton (Pomona); Fremont's Expedition to California, 1846, Fremont 610 (G and M) ; Saw Mill to Nacimiento River, 14-20 June, 1901, Jepson 1691 (Calif.); Nacimiento River, Santa Lucia Mts., Monterey Co., 1-12 May, 1897, Eastwood (G); Nacimiento Creek, Monterey Co., 3 April, 1901, Dudky (Stanford) ; Carmel Camp near Carmel River, Monterey Co., 25 June, 1905, Dudley (Stanford) ; San Antonio Creek above the Mission, Santa Lucia Mts., 13 May, 1895, Dudley (Stan- ford) ; States Hot Springs, Monterey Co., July, 1918, R^V^l^ (Calif. Acad.); near Bentley's Orchard, Santa Lucia " ^\ 3000 ft. alt., Aug., 1914, MacDougal (Stanford); Santa Lucia Mts., April, 1898, Plaskett 122 (G and Greene). Mts., 110. M. aridus (Abramis) Grant, comb, no v. , Diplacus aridus Abrams in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32 : 540. l^o- A low glabrous glutinous shrub, 2-4 dm. high; leaves o^lanc^ olate, obovate or oblong, 2-4 cm. long, 4-10 mm. broad, ®^^^^^^ irregularly dentate, numerous, crowded together on the s o^^ yellow stem and branches, short-petioled or sessile, pale y^. . green, smaller leaves usually revolute; flowers numerous; pe c ^ stout, 5-6 mm. long; calyx 3-3.5 cm. long, funnelform wi 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 337 narrow tube and a wide spreading throat, teeth short, broadly triangular, subulate, unequal, the longest tooth 7-8 mm. long; corolla 4.5-5.5 cm. long, pale buff to yellow, tube glabrous, little exserted, expanding abruptly to an open throat, almost as wide as long, lobes short, rounded and slightly notched; stamens ex- serted; style slightly puberulent, exserted, not swollen at the base, stigma-lips ovate, acute, nearly equal, ciliate; capsule 1.5 cm. long; seeds oval, apiculate at both ends, muriculate. Distribution: known only from the southwestern part of San Diego Co., California. Specimens examined : California: dry ridges, Jacumba, 31 May, 1903, Ahrams 3656 (N. Y., TYPE, G, M, Stanford, and Pomona); El Cajon, San Diego Co., Aug., 1889, Oraatt (M). 111. M. stellatus (Kell.) Grant, comb. nov. Diplacus stellatus Kell. in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 18. 1863, and 2 : 210. 1885 ; Greene in BuU. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 95. 1885. 155. 1890. glutinosus var. stellatus (Kell.) Greene A scraggly freely branching shrub, the young stem and branches densely covered with deep-yellow tomentum; leaves numerous, ovate-lanceolate to linear, 2-4.5 cm. long, .3-1.2 cm. wide, obtuse, entire or occasionally denticulate, tapering to a broad sessile base, revolute, thick, glabrous and shining above, densely orange- pubescent below with branched hairs; pedicels stout, 6-7 mm. long; calyx narrow, tubular, 2-2.2 cm. long, glabrous or sometimes puberulent, very glutinous, little or not inflated above, teeth linear, obtuse, ciliate, the longest 5-6 mm. long; corolla 3.5-3.8 mm. long, yellow, puberulent externally, tube slender, included, throat funnelform, lobes narrow, 3-5 mm. long, rounded, not erose ; stamens unequally inserted near the top of the tube, longer pair exserted ; style exserted, swollen at the base; capsule included; seeds oblong, apiculate at each end, faintly reticulate. Distribution : known only from Cedros Island, off the coast of Lower California. Specimens examined : Lower California: Cedros Island, May, 1885, Greene (G, M, and tVoi. 11 338 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Stanford); Cedros Island, May, 1881, Belding (G); Cedros Island, 18-20 March, 1889, Edw. Palmer 728 (G) ; Cedros Island, July-Oct., 1896, Anthony 47 (G and Stanford); Cedros Island, 1 AprH, 1897, T. S. Brandegee (U. S. and M) ; Cedros Island, without date, Veatch (G, type collection). Dr. Kellogg and Dr. Greene were much confused regarding this species ; Dr. Kellogg gave it its specific name because of certain stellate hairs which were foimd on the pedicels and on the lower surface of the leaves. Later, it was found that these hairs belonged to another plant which grew near the Mimulus. D. stellatus was accordingly reduced to synonymy under Mimulus by Dr. Gray and to a variety of Diplacus glutinosus by Dr. Greene. The dense orange-yellow pubescence, though, is char- acteristic of the plant and differentiates it from the other members of the section. This and its small corolla with an unusually narrow funnelform throat and short lobes seem to warrant its being retained as a valid species. 112. M. aurantiacus Curt, in Bot. Mag. I. 10: pi. 364- 1796. M. glutinosus Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 51. 1798; Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3 : pi S64. 1798; WiUd. Sp. PL 3 : 361. 1800; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voyage. 154. 1841 ; Gray in Bot. Calif. 1 : 565. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am, 2^:275. 1878, ed. 2, and Suppl. 442. 1886. PL 10, figs. 5, 14. M. viscosus Moench, Meth., Suppl. 168. 1802. Diplacus glutinosus Nutt. in Taylor's Ann. Nat. Hist. 1. 1 : 138. 1838, by error published as D. glutinosa; Nutt. ex Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 12: under pi. 3655. 1838; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 95. 1885; Pittonia 2: 154. 1890; Manual Bay Region, 274. 1894; HoweU, FL Northwest Am. 518. 1901; Jepson, FL W. Mid. CaUf. 402. 1901, and ed. 2, 376. 1911. Diplacus aurantius Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 516. 1839. Diplacus latifolius Nutt. in Taylor's Ann. Nat. Hist. 1. 1 s ^^°' 1838, by error published as D. latifolia; Nutt. ex Hooker in CurtiS; Bot. Mag. II. 12: under pi. 3655. 1838; Greene in Bull. CaW. Acad. Sci. 1 : 95. 1885. _, Diplacus glutinosus var. aurantiacus (Curt.) Lmdl. in Paxt. 1924] GRANTS— A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULITS 339 Gard. 3: under pi 92, 1851-53; Planchon in Fl. des Serres 9: under pi 883. 1853-54. Diplacus glutinosus var. latifolius Greene, Pittonia 2: 155. 1890. A profusely branched scraggly shrub, 6-12 dm. high; upper part of stem yellowish, puberulent or pubescent, often with some short glandular hairs; leaves sessile, oblong to lanceolate or linear, 2.5-5 cm. long, 4-14 mm. broad, entire, few-toothed or some- times serrate, revolute, dark green, glabrous and shining above, covered with numerous small compound sessile glands, paler and usually with a dense branched pubescence beneath, smaller leaves often fascicled in the axils; pedicels mostly shorter than the calyx, .4-1 cm. long, glandular-pubescent; calyx narrow, 2-2.8 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, tubular, not constricted at the center and little or not at all inflated at the orifice, glabrous or sometimes puberulent, rarely pubescent, sometimes hispid at the sinuses, teeth triangular, obtuse, 2-5 mm. long, covered with sessile glands ; corolla 3.5-4 cm. long, yellow, tube mostly included, some- times slightly puberulent externally, enlarging gradually to a wide funnelform throat, lobes spreading, unequal, mostly truncate, sometimes emargmate or erose; stamens slightly exserted; style- base enlarged in maturity, stigma-lips rounded, eiliate, usually exserted ; capsule about as long as the calyx ; seeds long-oblong, apiculate at both ends, papillose. Distribution : common in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and Uast Range Mts., from southern Oregon to Santa Barbara Co., v^alif Specimens examined omia Oregon : Brookings, Curry Co., May, 1915, Thompson 116 (Stan- ford); open bluff above beach, Brookings, 11 July, 1919, Peck 8786 (M) . California: Fort Bragg, Mendocmo Co., 8-16 Aug., 1912, East- ^od 1676 (Calif.); Fort Bragg, 1914, Mathews 30 (Calif.); ^ig River, Mendocino Co., June, 1903, McMurphy 294 (Stan- J^rd); Mendocino, May, 1896, H. E. Brown, 703, 834 (M); Urlotta, Humboldt Co., June, 1915, Hawver (Calif. Acad.); A^rinidad, Humboldt Co., 21 April, 1907, Eastwood 6 (Calif, ^cad.) ; Eureka, 28 April, 1918, Pauls&n (Stanford); Trinidad, 340 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 18 July, 1916, Ahrams 6I4I (Stanford) ; Fortuna, Humboldt Co., 18 July, 1916, Abrams 6072 (Stanford); Bartlett Springs, McCallum (Calif. Acad.); banks of Smith River, 21 April, 1892, Howell I454 (M); Smith River, Del Norte Co., June, 1884, Howell (G) ; near American Lower Bridge at Folsom, 7 April, 1916, Heller 12305 (M, Stanford, and Calif. Acad.); 4 miles above Folsom, 14 April, 1918, Hannibal (Stanford); between Folsom and Auburn, 27 April, 1918, Hannibal (Stan- ford) ; Petaluma, 14 June, 1895, Tidestrom (Pomona) ; Lakeport, Lake Co., 28 March, 1917, Bentley (Stanford) ; Gates Canyon, near Vacaville, 27 April, 1902, Heller & Brown 5388 (Cornell, M, Stanford, and Pomona) ; Vaca Valley, 1877, Rattan (Stan- ford) ; near St. Helena Sanitarium, 2 July, 1916, Abrams 6769 (Stanford) ; Petrified Forest, Sonoma Co., 3 July, 1916, Abrams 5780 (Stanford) ;Bodega Bay, Sonoma Co., 11 April, 1902, Heller & Brown 5258 (M) ; vicinity of lone, Amador Co., 200-500 ft. alt., July, 1904, Braunton 1U6 (M); Comanche, 300 ft. alt., April, 1895, Hansen 1052 (M) ; White Bar, 1000 ft. alt., April, 1895, Hansen 1051 (M) ; Plymouth, Amador Co., 1 June, 1903, Gross 79 (Stanford) ; Mokelumne HHl, 1300 ft. alt., May, 1895, Blaisdell (Calif. Acad.); near Rawhide, Tuolumne Co., 13 Aug., 1915, Stinchjield 81 (Stanford) ; Kentfield, Marin Co., 20 May, 1912, Eastwood 66 (Calif. Acad.); Sausalito, 12 Aug., 1872, Redjkld 6093 (M) ; Lone Mt., San Francisco, 1877, Rattan (Stanford); Sunnyside, San Francisco, 1892, Cannon (Calif. Acad.); San Francisco, Bolander 0/4 (M); sand dunes, San Francisco, 5 June, 1893, Davy 196 (M) ; San Mateo, 21 AprU, 1894, Burnham (Pomona); East Oakland hills, July, 1899, Carruth (Calif. Acad.); Berkeley, 1891, Greene (Stanford); Cedar Mt., Alameda Co., May, 1903, Elmer 4S55 (M) ; Sunoi Valley, Alameda Co., 29 June, 1916, Abrams 5682 (Stanford^ Mocho Creek, Alameda Co., May, 1903, Elmer 4S55 (Stanfora Calif. Acad., and Pomona) ; Mt. Diablo, near lake, 30 June, 1916, Abrams 5704 (Stanford); Mt. Diablo, 30 May, l^J^' Eastwood 4455 (Calif. Acad.); San Leandro, 21 ^^^\/:\ jl Eastwood 4737 (Calif. Acad.); Belmont, 6 May, 1911, Nicn^ ) } 1006 1001, (Stanford); Templeton, 1 July, 1911, Thompson i^ Sfanf^^^^.n ^„„c^.: — , 00 Ar^«1 1 Q1 \ . Nichols °^ ^ 1002 (Stanford); Congress Springs, 29 April, 1911, 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 341 (Stanford) ; Stanford University, 17 April, 1902, Abrams 2346 (Stanford and M); Page Mill Road, foothills near Stanford University, 23 April, 1904, Anthony (Stanford) ; Stanford University, May, 1902, Dudley (Stanford); foothills near Stanford University, 2 March, 1902, C. F. Baker 280 (M and Pomona); foothills west of Los Gatos, 25 May, 1904, Heller 7I^It9 (M and Stanford); Saratoga, Big Basin Road, 23 June, 1915, Abrams 5257 (Stanford); King's Mt., Santa Cruz Mts., 20 May, 1906, McMurphy 25 (M) ; Santa Cruz, 16 June, 1903, Thompson (M) ; Glenwood, Santa Cruz Co., 1914, Davis (Calif. Acad.); Pt. Pinos, Monterey, 30 May, 1912, Eastwood 185 (Calif. Acad.); Pacific Grove, 17 June, 1916, McGregor 66 (Stanford); hard road bed, Pacific Grove, 5 Nov., 1911, Nichols 1008 (Stanford); in pine woods, Huckleberry Hill, near Pacific Grove, 30 Sept., 1905, Dudley (Stanford); woods near Pacific Grove, 12 June, 1907, Patterson & Wiltz (Stanford) ; open pine forest, Pacific Grove, Aug., 1917, Parish 11502 (M) ; in pine woods, Pacific Grove, 14 April, 1903, Heller 6580 (M, Stanford, and Pomona) ; Pacific Grove, June, 1903, Elmer 1,377 (M, Stanford, and Pomona); Carmel Valley, 25 June, 1905, Dudley (Stanford); on north side of Carmel Valley, 1 June, 1916, Abrams 5631 (Stanford); Coast Trail, Monterey Co., 17 Aug., \^{iZ, Dudley (Stanford); Santa Margarita Mts., on road to San Luis Obispo, 3 April, 1903, Dudley (Stanford); Cuesta Grade, San Luis Obispo Co., 20 July, 1913, Abrams 5042 (Stanford) ; Haynes Ranch, San Luis Obispo Co., July, 1912, Ingalls (Calif. Acad.); San Luis Obispo Hot Springs, 10 June, 1917, Abrams 6509 (Stanford); Pismo, San Luis Obispo Co., 1 April, 1911, Dice (Stanford) ; Suey Creek, Santa Maria, 15 June, 1916, Eastwood 433 (Calif. Acad.); Gaviota Pass, Santa Barbara Co., 11 June, 1917, Abrams 6540 (Stanford); Fremont's Expedition to California, 1846, Fremont 509 (M). M. aurantiacus, being the earliest published name, has un- doubted priority and therefore must be substituted for the well- laiown name of M. glutinosus. This species is found north of the northern part of Santa Barbara Co., whereas M. longiflorus to ^hich it is closely related, is mostly confined to the southern part of the state. A few specimens seem to suggest an intermediate o4J ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN condition, and it is possible that they hybridize where they meet. Diplacus latifolius Nutt. is a broad-leaved form of M. aurantiacus, A pubescent form has been collected by Ahrams 6467, 6468, 6469, and 6470 and by Dudley on the road between Jolon and King's City in central California. In these specimens, the stem, branches, pedicels, and calyces are densely pubescent. 113. M. puniceus (Nutt.) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, pt. 2, 150. 1841; Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2, 2': Suppl. 442. 1886. PL 10, fig. 11. Diplacus puniceus Nutt. in Taylor's Ann. Nat. Hist. 1. 1 : 137. Apr., 1838, by error published as D. punicea; Nutt. ex Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mag. II. 12: imder pi. 3655. May, 1838; Maund's Botanist 4: pi 169. 1840; P. N. Don in Bonn's Hort. 'Cantab. ed. 13, 402. 1845; Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1 : 96. 1885; Pittonia 2: 157. 1890; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 364. 1904, anded. 2, 334. 1917. Diplacus glutinosus var. puniceus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846. M. glutinosus var. puniceus Gray in Bot. Calif. 1 : 566. 1876; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2^: 275. 1878, and ed. 2, 1886. A freely branched glutinous shrub, 5-18 dm. high; stem and branches terete, glabrous or puberulent; leaves thick, linear or narrowly lanceolate, occasionally oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, 3-1 1 mm. broad, mostly obtuse, usually sessile and partly clasping the stem, entire or sometimes denticulate, generally revolute, dark green and glabrous above, paler and with scattered branched hairs on the lower surface, smaller leaves often fascicled in the axils; pedicels 6-12 nam. long; calyx narrow, tubular, 1.8-2.5 cm. long, glabrous, throat scarcely dilated, teeth triangular, obtuse or acute, often ciliate, unequal, upper tooth 5-7 mm. long; corolla 3.5-4 cm. long, dark red to brick-red, tube included, throat ample, funnelform, lobes narrow, truncate, emarginate or the lateral lobes irregularly notched; stamens inserted on the upper part of the tube, longer pair sometimes puberulent, usually slightly exserted ; style exserted, puberulent above, slightly thickened at the base at maturity; stigma-lQ)s equal; capsule cyUndrical, obtuse, nearly as long as the calyx; seeds elliptical, acute at both ends, papillate. 19241 GRANT — ^A. MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 343 Distribution: common on dry hillsides from Los Angeles Co. to northern Lower California. Specimens examined : Calif ornia : Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, 13 June, 1915, Carlson (G) ; Santa Catalina Island, 22 April, 1904, G. B. Grant 285 (M and Deam); Santa Catalina Island, 20-25 July, 1917, Eastwood 6502 (Calif. Acad.) ; Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, Aug., 1896, Trask (M) ; Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, 8 April, 1901, G. B. Grant 3753 (Stanford) ; Catalina Island, 23 July, 1915, Drushel (M and Drushel) ; Encinitas, May, 1894, Angier S4 (M) ; moist hillsides, Laguna Canon, 26 July, 1916, Crawford (M and Pomona) ; La Crescenta, Wislizenus 1291 , in part (M) ; dry hillsides, Temecula, 27 April, 1918, Munz 2145 (Pomona); Butte, west of Lakeview, 2000 ft. alt., 8 May, 1920, /. M. Johnston 2284, 2298 (M and Pomona) ; Miller's Canyon, Muri- etta, 28 March, 1916, Robinson (Pomona); Sierra Canyon, Santa Ana Mts., 1200 ft. alt., 24 April, 1920, Munz & Harwood S758 (M and Pomona) ; Mission Hills, San Diego, 9 May, 1903, Ahrams 3440 (M and Stanford); near Fallbrook, San Diego Co., 750 ft. alt., 17 May, 1920, Munz & Harwood 3853, 3854 (M and Pomona) ; along north hillsides, San Diego, 10 June, 1902, T. S. Brandegee 1640, distributed as C. F. Baker 1640 (M and Pomona); Elsinore, 4 April, 1904, C. F. Baker 4152 (M, Stanford, Calif. Acad., and Pomona); dry hillsides, San Luis Valley, 5 May, 1917, Street (Pomona) ; hills near Ysidora, San Diego Co., 23 April, 1903, Abrams 3285 (M and Stanford); chaparral, Howard Canyon, La Jolla, 7 Mar., 1914, dements & Clements 122 (M); Del Mar, 9 June, 1901, Jepson 1604a (Calif.) ; near San Diego, May, 1889, T. S. Brandegee (G and M); San Diego, 1850, Parry (M); San Diego, 1875, Edw. Palmer 283 (M); San Diego, 1879, Orcutt 131 (M); in canyons near San Diego, 400 ft. alt., 11 June, 1920, Spencer 1617 (Pomona); Sweetwater Dam, 20 April, 1895, Fntehey (M); Geological Survey of California, 1860-1861, Cooper (G and ^- S-) ; San Clemente Island, June, 1903, Trask 267 (U. S., a *tin and broad-leaved form) ; San Clemente Island, 10 April, 1923, Munz 6707 (Pomona, similar to the above); San Diego, without date, Nuttall (G, type). [Vol. 11 344 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Mexico : Lower California: northern Lower California, 23 June, 1885, Orcutt 1295 (Gray Herb.). 114. M. parviflorus (Greene) Grant, comb. nov. Diplacus parviflorus Greene, Pittonia 1 : 36. 1887; ibid. 2: 157. 1890; Davy in Gard. Chron. IIL 16 : 20. 1894. A very leafy shrub, glabrous or nearly so, 1.5-6 dm. high; leaves obovate or rhombic-ovate, 2-4.5 cm. long, .5-2 cm. broad, obtuse, narrowed to a slender sessile base, entire or ir- regularly dentate, occasionally revolute, paler green on lower surface and often shining as though varnished ; flowers numerous, pedicels mostly as long as the calyx, slender; calyx tubular, 1.7- 2.2 cm. long, slightly spreading at the throat, covered with sessile glands, these giving it a shiny appearance, teeth short, triangular, obtuse, upper one 4-6 mm. long; corolla 2.5-4 cm. long, brick-red, tinged with yellow on lower lip and down the throat, tube slender, included, expanding abruptly to the long, somewhat tubular throat, lobes short, truncate, little spreading, scarcely erose upper lip 5-6 mm. long, lower lip shorter, limb 1-1.5 cm. in diameter; stamens exserted, upper pair often as long as the corolla; style and stigma reddish-yellow, exserted, sometimes with a shght Wbercular enlargement at the base ; stigma-lips ciliate, sometimes fimbriate; capsule 1.5-2 cm. long; seeds oval, apiculate at each end, reticulate. Distribution : common on Santa Cruz Island off the coast of Santa Barbara, California. Specimens examined : California: Island of Santa Cruz, July and August, 1886, Greme i f f (M, Phil., and Stanford); Santa Cruz Island, AprU, 1888 T. S. Brandegee (G); East End Mt., Santa Cruz Island, July 1901, Snodgrass (Stanford) ; Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Is ana 3 Sept., 1903, J. Grinnell 7 (Stanford); Santa Cruz Islan^ 16-17 July, 1917, Eastwood 6397 (G and Calif. Acad.) ',^^^ Cruz Island, 24 May, 1918, Miller (Calif, ^cad.); Vai Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, Aug., 1923, A. L. Grant mo l and Calif.). ^ ^ Dr. Greene reports that these plants ' ' flower profusely » height of only three or four inches." 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULTJS 345 An interesting plant, closely related to M. parviflorus, has been collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mrs. C. E. Miller and A. L. Grant 1703 and 1704. A single specimen first came to the author's notice in a collection of Mimulus borrowed from the California Academy of Science. In July, 1923, there was an opportunity to go to Santa Cruz Island to look for this plant. It was found to be fairly common on the open hillsides near Friar's Harbor and Valdez, occurring, however, only where M. parviflorus and M. longiflorus grew near each other. The color varied from the deep red of M, parviflorus to the clear yellow of M. longiflorus. The shape and size of the caljrx and corolla and the leaf characters exhibited all possible combinations of the characters of the two above-mentioned species, so it seemed probable that the plants under consideration were natural hybrids. Typical material of M . parviflorus was found to be abundant in the canyons, whereas typical M. longiflorus occurred only on the open hillsides Crosses are being made between these several plants, and it is hoped to obtain experimental proof of the parentage of the apparent hybrid. DOTJBTFTJL AND LiTTLE-KnOWN SpECIES M. albus Dougl. Jour. 150. 1914. Stem 10-15 cm. high; leaves sessile, Imear-lanceolate, minutely dentate; flowers small, white, tube yellow. Collected by Douglas on the shores of the Columbia River. This probably is an albino form of M. hreviflorus or of one of the species closely allied to it. M. glandulosus Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 7. 1830; Linnaea 6: Litt. 11. 1831; Walp. Rep. 3: 276. 1844r45. A glandular-pubescent annual with procumbent stems ; leaves broadly ovate, dentate, pale green; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; flowers small. Indigenous to North America. It evidently is closely related to M. glahratus and may be a pubescent form of that species. M. lanatus Dougl. Jour. 122. 1914; Loudon in Hort. Brit. 251. 1839, not Pursh (inadequately described). 346 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 A woolly perennial with creeping roots; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate; flowers large, yellow. Collected by Douglas on moist rocks on the Multnomah and Columbia Rivers at the falls of both. M. orizabae Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10 : 372. 1846. Pubescent ; leaves subcordate-ovate, about 2.5 cm. long, serrate, sparsely hirtellous, petiolate; pedicels longer than the leaves; calyx-teeth broadly lanceolate, the upper larger; corolla twice as long as the calyx. Collected on Mt. Orizaba in Mexico. ^ - _ M. pteropus Raf. Fl. Ludov. 44. 1817. The brief description corresponds closely with some of the short-petioled specimens of M. alatus. Rafinesque says, how- ever, that it ' * is not the M. alatus which has winged stems and sessile flowers." M. Pissisi Phil, in Anal. Univ. Chile 18: 57. 1861; Linnaea 33:212. 1864-65. M. depressus var. Pissisi (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. ChUe 6^ : 62. 1911. Glabrous; stems creeping, very short, stolonif erous ; leaves crowded, sessile, triangular-ovate, 1 5 cm. long, 1.2 cm. broad, coarsely and doubly dentate, sometimes dotted with red; ^^^^ subsessile; calyx-teeth broad; corolla 2.6 cm. long, not spotted; style as long as the corolla. Four specunens of this species were collected by Volkmann at Huanta in the Province of Coquimbo, Chile, at 4000 ft. alt. It may be conspecific with M. luteus. M. punctatus Miers ex Bert, in Merc. Chile, 700. 1829; Am. Jour. Sci. 23: 254. 1833. . A species imperfectly described and possibly a synonym o one of the varieties of M, luteus. It has large yellow flowers wit red spots. M. Neubertii Hge. & Schm. ex Wettst. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4'"*: 72. 1891, nomen nudum. Mimulus quinqtievuhierus is the French florist's name or M. luteus, fide Morren in Bele. Hort. 20 : 177. 1870. 1024] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 347 Hybrids Mimulus was very popular in horticulture during the middle part of the nineteenth century. The ease with which hybrids could be obtained and the great variety of color-forms which resulted tfiade it a desirable group for experimental purposes. The most common parents were M. luteus and its varieties rivularis and variegatus of the section Simiolus, M. cardinalis and M. Lewisii of the sections Erythranthe and Paradanthus, and M. glutinosus and M. puniceus of the section Diplacus. Numer- ous hybrids were produced and these were crossed and recrossed, so that it is impossible to tell the parentage of most of the present garden forms. It is interesting to note that no hybrids were re- corded from crosses made between members of the section Dip- lacus and any other section. The following is a list of the more coimnon hybrids which have been described and pictured in various floral magazines. Many of them are still being culti- vated. M. comation Rivoire in Rev. Hort. 93 : 355. 1921. Corolla velvety-red, throat yellow. Derived from M. cupreus. M. Bartonianus Rivoire in Rev. Hort. 93 : 356. 1921. Flowers rose-red, throat yellow spotted with brownish-red. Hybrid between M. cardinalis and M. Lewisii. M. duplex Hort. ex Wettst. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4*: 72. 1891. M. Elphinstonea m Fl. Mag. 4: 144. 1836. The colored plate shows the plant to have yellow corollas, each lobe of which is deeply edged with crimson. Parentage not given . M. Forsythiana in Fl. Mag. 3 : 216. 1835. Flowers pale-sulphur with rosy-crimson spots. This hybrid ^as raised by J. Forsyth, of Anlaby, near Hull. Parentage not given. M. Harrisonia Paxt. m Paxton's Mag. Bot. 4: 173. 1838. Corolla reddish-pink with Imes of reddish-brown spots down :^® throat below each lobe, lobes not reflexed. This is a hybrid tetw ^^ M. cardinalis and M. roseus. 348 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 M. hybridus Hort. ex Wettst. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. 4* : 72. 1891. M. luteus var. calycanthemus Morr. in Belg. Hort. 20: 177. pi 9. 1870. This is a double form with the calyx similar to the corolla. Flowers yellow streaked and spotted with red. According to Morren it appeared spontaneously on a plant which was the result of a cross between M. cupreus and M. trigridioides . M. luteus var. pardinus Morr. in Belg. Hort. 17: 77. 1867. This is another one of the forms with double flowers. It was received by Benary at Erfurt and was called by hun M. tigrinns var. dupUcis. It is descended from seed of M. maculoms which was the result of a cross between M. cupreus and a hybrifl of M. luteus under the name of "Gaiety." M. luteus var. WUsoni D. Don in Brit. Fl. Gard. pi ^fi6. 1838; Paxt. Mag. Bot. 4: 260. 1838. Corolla yellow with numerous dark fulvous-red spots. This is said to have been raised by Miss Wilson from seeds of M. luteus. M. Maclainianus (Hook.) Paxt. m Mag. Bot. 9 : pi U7. l^^^. M. roseus var. Maclainianus Hook, in Bot. Mag. pi 3^^^- 1842; Paxt. Mag. Bot. 9 : 46. 1842. Resembles M. cardinalis closely in the shape of the flower Corolla deep crimson with a deep blood-red center, hybrid between M. roseus and M. cardinalis. M. maculatus Paxt. in Paxt. Mag. Bot. 4: 119. 1838. Corolla yeUow with spots of delicate pink color. Parentage not given. M. maculosus in Gartenfl. 13: 153. 1846. u vi be- CoroUa large and variously spotted and lined. Hybn tween M. luteus or some of its hybrids and M. cupreus. M. rubiginosus Morr. in Belg. Hort. 10: 268. I860. ^^^^ Said to be similar to M. quinquevulnerus , which was the florist's name for M. luteus. m M. sanguineus Paxt. m Paxt. Mag. Bot. 4: 119. 1838. Corolla red. Parentage not given. This 1924J GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 349 M. Seymouriana Paxt. in Paxt. Mag. Bot. 9; 118. 1842. Corolla large, the lobes marked with blotches or bands of brown around a yellow center, the^ bands being stained or clouded with a darker color. Parentage not given. M. Smithii Paxt. in Paxt. Mag. Bot. 1 : pi 64. 1834; Bot. Reg. pi 1674. 1835. Leaves large, covered with white glandular hairs; pedicels about three times as long as the calyx ; corolla yellow with a single large reddish-brown spot near the tip of each petal, throat dotted . with red. This is a cross between M. luteus var. rivularis and M. variegatus. M. tigridioides Hort. This is a garden name for many of the niunerous color forms resulting from various crosses, mostly between M. luteus or its varieties and M. cwpreus. ~ M M. Youngii Hort. Angl. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 150. 1841. Diplacus Godroni Versch. ex Morr. in Belg. Hort. 13 : 4. 1863. Z). glutinosus var. Godroni Lem. in L'lUust. Hort. 10 : yl 359, fig. 1. 1863. Flowers large, corolla dark red, throat and base of lobes yellow, lobes fringed. This is the result of a cross between D. aurah- tiacus and puniceus with D. glutinosus, according to the authors. Diplacus splendidus Versch. ex Morr. in Belg. Hort. 13: 5. 1863. -D. glutinosus var. splendidus Lem. L'lUust. Hort. 10 : pi 359, 3. 1863. Flowers large, corolla dark red, throat and tube yellow, lobes ^k red, emarginate. This is the result of the same cross as the above. Diplacus Verschafifeltii Versch. ex Morr. in Belg. Hort. 13 : 5. 1863. ^- glutinosus var. Verschaffeltii Lem. in L'lUust. Hort. 10: V^' ^59, fig, 2. 1863. Flowers smaller than in either of the above, corolla deeper red, tube yellow, throat yellow with two white ridges below the middle [Voull 360 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN lobe, lobes more narrow, margin irregular but not incised fringed. This is the result of the same cross as the above. Fossil Species M. saxorum Cockerell in Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 24: 107. pi 10, fig, 47. 1908. Pedicels 6.5 mm. long ; calyx 18 mm. long, teeth sharply pomted, upper and lower teeth 6 mm. long, lateral teeth 5 mm. long. This is a well-preserved specimen from the Tertiary and was discovered in Colorado. Cockerell says that it has a calyx formed "approximately as in M. guttatus." In that species, however, the teeth are broadly rounded and the upper one is two to three times as long as the others. The fossil calyx seems to be more nearly related to Tropanthus or to Eumimulus. Excluded Species Mimulus Alecterolophus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 1 : 435. 1772 Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Mimulus Crista-galli Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 434. 1772 Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Mimulus exilis Dur. & Hilg. m Pac. Rail. Rept. 5 : 12. pi 1^- 1855 =Mimetanthe pilosa (Benth.) Greene. Mimulus Ursutus Blume, Bijdr. 756. 1825-26 = Torenia FLAVA Buch.-Ham. Mimulus javanicus Blume, Cat. Hort. Buitenz. 83. 1823 Vandellia CRUSTACEA Beuth. Mimulus perfoliatus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 371. 1817 Leucocarpus alatus D. Don. Mimulus pilosus Wats, in Bot. King's Exp. 225. 1871 = Mi- metanthe pilosa (Benth.) Greene. Mimulus radicans Hook, f., Fl. N. Zeal. 1: 188. 1853-55 Mazus radicans (Hook, f.) Cheesm. Mimulus violaceus Blanco in Fl. Filip. ed. 2, 357. 1845 = Van- delma mollis Benth. Diplacus rugosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10 : 368. 1846 - Bb- RENDTiA RUGOSA (Benth.) Gray. 1924] GRANT MONOGRAPH OP THE GENTJS 351 List of Exsiccatab numbers are printed in italics. Unnumbered indicated by a dash, this monograph. number in parentheses is the speciea number Abrams, L. R. 813, 144£, 2^2, S877 M, guttatus (14); 1279, 3531, 3597 M. brevipes (70); 1379, 3596 M. Fremontii (77); 1873, 2611, 4380, 4627 M. jBoribundus (44); 1892, Anderson M. Bolanderi var. brachydontus (71a); — , 73 M. monti- oides (65). Anderson, J. P. — M. ringens (1); M. guttatus (14). 504^, Andrews, D. M. 8 M. Tilingi 5257, 5631, 6682, 5704, 6780, 6072, Angier, B. S. 33 M. brevipes (70); 34 6141, 6509, 6540 M. aurantiacus (112); 2370 M. guttatus (Ue); 2543, 4321,5020,1 (108) (108a), 3286 hybrid (108c), 3287, Anthony M. pumceus (113); 1. (14). Anthony, A. W. 39 M, 47 M. stellatus (111). 4900 var. linearis M. aurantiacus (112). Applegate, E. I. — M. brevipes (70). S538 M. nasutus (17); S616, 5017, Arimoto, — M. nepalensia (35). (46b), U6i var. mails (6); 2800, 6836, moschatus var. sessilifolius Ars^ne M. glabratus (25), 5310, 9936 var. Fremontii (25a). orua (46a) ; Ashcrof t 4571 M. primuloides (54): 544O, Atkinson, W M, alatus (2). M. aurantiacus (112). ^^^5 M. pumceus (113); M. aridus (110); U85 M. laciniatus (18); Ji584, 4694 M. Layneae (82); 4695 M. ^„_^ .--.. ^ mephiticus (88); 47S6 M. Bolanderi (99); 147, —, 395 M. moschatus var. Austin, Mrs. R. M. Jtf M. Austinae (84); 85, 1543 M. guttatus var. de- angustatus 4932 ionis iubsecundus var. viscidus (78a) ; 4550 cens (15); 160, Lewisii (103); 6901 M. tricolor (98). Abrams, L. R., & McGregor, E. A. 65 M. longiflorus (108); 99 M. Fre- M. primuloides , 5666 M.Doviglg^n (54); 16S M. Torreyi (81); 163 M. bicolor (55); 164 M. latidens (31); Douglas M. lep tan- thus (109). niontii (77); 464 M. Bigelovii (74); Austin, Mrs, R. M., & Bruce, Mrs. C 648 M. moschatus Parishii florus ^ . Aguiel, Bro. ^1025^ Fremontii (25a). Aiton, C. Babcock Lewisu nngens moschatus Tilingi var. caespito- Anae; (99); ^6 M. Lewisii (52). , 18 M. guttatus '(14); 19 atus var. longiflorus (46a). M. angustatus M. bicolor (55); — M. (103);/SM.KelIoggii(102); Pulsiferae Bacon, Mrs. G. D. — M. nasutus (17). Baer, H. — M. diffusus (61). Bailey, W. W, — M. alatus (2). Baker, C F. SO, 200, 554, HU, S448, 4214 M. floribundus (44); 953 M. nibeUus (69); 280 M. aurantiacus {\\2);312, 392, 759, 1060, 1980, SOI 7, 3808, 34150, 4J4S, 4^59, 4^92 M. gut- tatus (14), 687 var. puberulus (14a), 1058 var. depauperatus (14b), 688 var. HaUii (14c); 615 M. Dougksii ria^^: 1010. 1375 M. stamineua (90): 352 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 1023 M. montioides (65); 1024 M Belding Suksdorfii (68): Bendire M. stellatus (111). M. nanus (83). 124S Bentley, G. — M. KeUoggii (102); loides (54), S830 var. linearifolius M. Douglasii (103); M. aurantiaciu (54a); 1336, 3.^57, ^291 M. cardinalis (6); 1510 M. Breweri (67); 16^0, ^152 M. puniceus (113); 2608, in part, M. nasutus (17), 881 var. micranthus (112). Tilingi Berg, N. K. 10 M. naoschatus var. ses silifolius (46b). (17b); 2923 M. tricolor (98); 3851 M. Bergman, H. F. 2290 M. glabratus var. Layneae (82); 4^10 M. mephi ;icvis Fremontii (25a). (88); Ull M, coccineus (89); 45U M. Bergman, T. S. — M. alatus (2). Tilingi (13); 5320 iflorus Berlandier, J. L. 781 M. glabratus (25). (108), U07, 5354 var. calycinus (108 brevipes (76). 437 variegatus (10b). 1148 Baker, C. F., Earle, F. S., & Tracy, S. Beyrich, H. K. — M. ringens (1). Bid well, J. — M. tricolor (98); M. 181, 451, 819 M. guttatus (14). Baker, H. B. 30 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a). Baker, M. S. — M. guttatus (14); M. Pulsiferae (40) ; 280 M. floribundus M. Douglasii (103). Bioletti, F. T. msisrnis M. nasutus var. M . Bioletti (56) ; (100) 545 florus M. Breweri (67); Bischoff, F. — M. guttatus (14). Bixby, S. P. M. KeUoggii (102); — M, longiflorus Blaisdell, F. E. M. Fremontii (77). M. aurantiacus (112). (108). Baker, M- S., & Nutting, F. — M. mos- chatus var. longiflorus (46a); — M. nanus (84); — M. densas (87); 4056 M. mephiticus (88). BaUard, C. A. — M. ringens (1), Blanchard, F. — M. ringens (1). lankinship, J. W. — M- ringens (D; S89 M. guttatus (14) ; — M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a);— M. moschatuB f4fi^: S90 M. Lewisii (52). — M. dentatus (38); W Bancroft, F. W. arvensis (14e), Barber M. guttatus var, M. brevipes (70); M. Lewisii (52). lun cardinalis M. Fremontii (77); 298 M. longi- florus (108). Barber, M. A. 11 M. guttatus var. depauperatus (14b), (14d); var. decorus M. moschatus (46), 179 var. sessilifolius (46b); 222 M. Lewisii (62). Barrett, Mrs. depauperatus (14b) ; ingtonensis (41); (40). Barms, M. F. 71 I Barrus, M. F., & (108b). Barrus, M. F., & hybrid (108b). M. guttatus var. M . wash- M. Pulsiferae •ettcher, F. L. J. 245 M. rmge°s i • blander, H. N. 96 M. cardinally (b , M.bicolor(5o);0/4M.ai^antiacj^ (112); 4521 M. KeUoggii (102): ^^ M. angustatus (98); 4796 M. Doug- lasu (103); - M. lept*"^^^'J,/j^' 4872 M. primuloides (54); 6016^ leptaleus (91); 6311 M -^Brew^Jj/T) 6314 M. Suksdorfii Bol'anderi (71); eSt6 M Bolander, H. itus (14). Pulsiferae ( 115 hybrid Bolton, A. L. M. M. leptanthus (109)- Whetzel Barss, H. Batchelde M. ringens (1). orus Boorman, J. L. - M- f «^ "",/ M. Bowman, A. 2 M. t^for (98),^ ^^ Douglasii (103); 219 M- B^^^ var. brachydontus (71a). Brandegee, K. - M. guttatus 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 353 J M. nudatus (16); — M. nasutus (17); Britton, N. L., & Rusby, H, H. 1014 M. M. glabratus var. Fremontii glabratus (25). (25a) ; M, latidens (31); — M. Broadheadj G. C. — M. guttatus var. depauperatus (14b). 1A8 8A2 Grayi (33); — M. floribundus var. geniculatus (44a); — M. moschatiis var. sessilifolius (46b); — M. subse- cundus var. viscidus (78a) ; — M. tricolor (98); 198 M, Kelloggii (102); Rattanii (80); — M. Layneae (82); 303 M. Layneae (82); 322 M. Pul- M. densus (87); — M. mephiticus siferae (40); 405, 669 M, moschatus (88); M. mohavensis (94); — , 168 M. tricolor (98); M . modestus (101); M. Clevelandii (107); var. longinorus (46a); 603 M. primu- loides (54); 70S, 834 M. aurantiacus (112); 865 M. cardinalis (6). lorus (108a), aurantiacus (112). var. linearis (108e); var. calycinus Brown M. guttatus M. nudatus (16); — M, nasutus (17); — M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a); 206 M. breviflorus (30); ~ M. inconspicuus (34); — M. latidens (31); — , 206a, 815 M. floribundus (102) Tilingi var. caespitosus (13a); 662 M. moschatus (46). Brown, V. S., & Wieslander, A. E. M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a), Bruce, Mrs. C. C. 4^3 M. leptaleus (91); 847 M. densus (87); 859 M. cardinalis (6); 2102 M. Kelloggii W M. latifolius (95). Buchtien, 0. — M. Bridgesii (39). (44), —var. geniculatus (44a); ;g^5 M. Lewiau (52); — M. bicolor (54); M. diffusus (61) ; — M. purpureus var. pauxiUus (62a); — M. discolor (64); M. Fremontii (77); — M. latifolius Buckley, S. B. — M. ringens (1). Buck, M , luteus var. rivularis (10a). (95) ; M. angustatus (99); — M. Buffum Kelloggii (102); — M. Clevelandii 704.M. guttatus (14). 702 M. Lewisii (52); (107); M, stellatus (111); — , 1640 Burnham puniceus (114). M. parviflorus M. guttatus (14), M. cardinalis (6); var. arvensis (14e) ; M. arenarius (43); M. lorua floribundus rutilua (108d); 11/^6 M. aurantiacus M. Breweri (67); — M. Bolanderi (112). Brendel, P. montii (25a). var. brachydontus (71a); M. glabratus var. Fre- secundus var. viscidus aurantiacus (112). M. sub- M. Breninger, E. F. — M. verbenaceus (8). Bush, B. F. A05, 722, 921, 2911, 528S M. Brewer, W. H. 586 M. longiflorus (108), alatus (2); 1047, 5S20, 821,6 M. ring- *0S var. rutUus (108d); 780 M. sub- ens (1). secundus (78); 953 M. Douglasii Butler, G. D. 24 M. glabratus var. insigms (17a); 1161 M. latidens (31); 1755 M. Primuloides 21U (67); 2785 U. Whitneyi (93); "2785 ^th" M. montioides (65). Pulsifei Brier, M. 200 M. cupreus (11). Cameron A Lenaicker, Fremontu (25a); 14^3 M. guttatus (14); 1511, 1685 M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a); 1585 M. Layneae (82); 1699 M. primuloides (54), 1770 var. linearifolius (54a) ; 1 7SS M. Breweri (67). Loschatus M. leptanthus (109) 8gS. Mrs. F v. var. sessilifolius (46b). ^ioides (45). M. jungerman- Campbell modestus W. W. So M. Douglasii 354 (Vot. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Canby, W. W., & Hamznondi H. i M. Douglasii (103), Cannon, — M, aurantiacus (112). Carleton, M. A. — M. alatus (2). Carlson, J. L — M. punicexis (IIJ Carpenter, A. M. J;8 M. Tilingi gracilipe; M. Bolandcri (71), var. brachydontus (71a); — M. Layneae (82); M.stamineus caespitoBUfi primiiloides (54); 53 M. Breweri (67). Carruth, W. W (112)- Carter, Carver. G. W M. aurantiacus Cook, Coope subsecundus M. Torrey M. cocc: (90); — M. Congdonii (96); - M, tricolor (98); — M. pulchellus (100); M. Douglasii (103). M. brevipes (70). nngens primuloides puniceus M . Bige- M. ringens (1). M . ^ M . guttatus £08 M. Layneae 1199 M. dentatus (38); — , 1480 lovu (74). Cooper, W. S. 61y M. nanus (83); 404 M. guttatus (14). Copeland, E. B. 3017, 3808 M. guttatus Kelloggii (102); 1694 M, guttatus (14); 5i77 M. glaucescens (15); 3850 (14). Chase, A. — M. ringens (1), tlmstonii guttatus ChUds, L J, ChurchiU, J. R. depauperatus (14b). Cipperly, E. M. — M. ringens (1). aarke, C. B. 496 M. gracilis (3); ISl M- nepalensis var. japonica (35a). linearifolius 3851 M. Layneae (82), Cotton, J. S, 394 M. guttatus (14). Coues, E., & Palmer E. 103 M. guttatus (14); 596 M. verbenaceus (8). Couthouy, J. P. Douglasii M. glabratus (25). Funston S90 nanus Mrs floribundus (44) Lewisii rubellus 1457 primuloides (54); 1625, i7P5M. strnj neus (90): 1768 M. Suksdorfii "'^ Clements, F, E. 2786 M. ringens (1); 179S M. densus (87); 1855 M. cardi- 2969 M. glabratus var. Fremontii nalis (25a). brevipe pumceus nasutus (17). Cleveland, D. M. guttatus (14); Cowles, H. C. 362, 1305 M. guttatus (14); 794 M, Tilingi var. caespitosus (13a); 798 M. Lewisii (52). 'dina (70); (108c). brevipe Cratty, R. L Crawford, D. L. orus (108), — hybrid M. g (44); M. ringens (1)-^ M. cardinalis (6); M. floribundus M. puniceus (113) Clute, W. N, 128 M. Eastwoodiae (53) Coghill, G. E. 129 M. guttatus (14) Criddle, N. Cole, K. E. Comstock, berulus (14a) Congdon. J. W. cardinalis (6). I. guttatus var A292 (40); culatus (33) M. cardinalis (6); C71 M. Pulsiferae floribimdus (52); Palmeri moBchatus (46) M. Bioletti (56) latus (44c); M. Lewisii M. fihcaulis (58) M. glabratus var. ire- montii (25a). r v\ Culbertson (distributed as Baker, C^^- mA M. floribundus m^'^f^, M. guttatus (U), ^^\,^^ cardinalis (6); 4407 M.longiflor^J^ calycinus (108a); 44/0 M^-P^^^^^ (88); Uii M. coccmeus (89), -F^^ Tilingi (13) (16); Curran, M. K. — ^^x. lofMenS ~M.laciniatu8(18);-M.bnd«^ (31); - M. floribundus var. ge cui;us(44a);-M.bicolor(55), 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS MIMULUS 355 androsaceus (60) (69); Rattani M. Bolanderi (71); angustatus rubellus Drege, J. — M. gracilis (3). M Drew, E. R. — M. floribundus (44); 111 0; (46b) (102); — M. Doug- lasii (103); — M. pictus (105). Curtis, A. H. — M. alatus (2). Curtis. C. D. 68 M. rinffens Cl^. Drushel Layn guttatus M, brevipes (70); Cusick, W. C. 1262, 1951, 26S0, 2810, ceus (113). 2997, 3009 M. Cusickii ^761: 1627 M. Dudeeon. W M. longiflorus (108); — M. puni- nasutus 1891, 2236 M. cUvicola (85); 2152, 2206 2237 M . floribundus (44) ; 2m, M. Tiling! {IZ)]2649 M. primu- loides (54); 2773, 3116 M. moschatus (46); M. Breweri (67). M. Dale, H. — M. cardinalis (6); moschatus (46). Daniels, F. 25 M. guttatus var. Hallii (14c); 247 M. floribundus (44). Darnell, H. H. 49 M. alatus (2). Davidson, A. 1108, 2697 M. Bigelovii (74); 1975 M. discolor (64); 3279 M. Bubsecundus -i M. Parishii Davidson, C. alsmoides (48). Davis, H. Davis, J. (78b) ; M. ringens (1); M. M. aurantiacus (112). M: alatus (2). 'M aurantiacus ^8 M. Douglasii (103); 9SS M. latidens (31); M. Dudley i (50). ^ay, M. A. 9 M. ringens (1). Dawson, — M. floribundus (^ Deam, C. C. 58 M. ringens 1677 M. alatus (2) . Dewart, F. W Dice, L. R. M. aurantiacus (112). Dickson, J. H. 6396 M. guttatus decorus (14c). ^ — M . mephiticus (88) . ^uglas. D. ~ M. cardinalis (6); M. gracilis (3). udley, W. R. 430, SS40 M. cardinalis (6); — M. subsecundus (78), 566 var. constrictus (78b); 590 M. mephiticus (88): 605, 1887, 2437, 2942, 3087, primuloides earifolius (54a) ; M . longiflorus (108) •, 750 var. calycinus (108a); 687, 921, irus M. moschatus var. var. sessilifolius (46b); 1369, S997 M. Bolanderi (71); 1381 M. bicolor (55); 1382 M. acuti- dens 143a ; 1553, M. 1607 1717 1663 M. leptaleus (91); M. leptaleus (91); 1799, — M. Grayi (33); 2319 M. nasutus (17); 2364, M. Breweri (67); 2488, 2498 M. stamineus (90); 3009 guttatus (14); Pulsiferae M. dentatus (38); M. Palmeri M . Dudleyii (50) ; M. Fremontii (77); M. Torreyi (81); M. ^- guttatus (14); coccineus (89); — M. modestus (101); M. Kelloggii (102); — M. leptan- thus (109). Dudley, W. R., & Lamb, F. H. 4359, 4504 M. Bigelovii (74). Dunn, G. W. — M. brevipes (70). Dwyer, Bishop — M. gracilis (3). Earle, F. S. — M. longiflorus (108). Eastwood, A. 6, 66, 185, 433, 1676, 4456, 47S7 M. aurantiacus (112); 19, 461, 54s, 4960, 6051, 6388 M. Inniriflorus flOS); 1738a M. Bigelovu s (44); Lewis floribundus (74); 461S, 6836 M. Kefloggii (102); M. moschatus (46); M, parviflonis Douglas Dowa,! M. Douglasii (103): longiflorus var, linearis (108e) puniceus tricolor M. alatus (2). M. cardinalis (6). (101); M. latidens (31); M. modestus IS (109), 4^^ Rattam 356 [Vol. 11 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Eby, A. F. — M. ringens (1); alatus (2), Eby, J. H. — M. ringeiis (1). M. Ecklon, C- F. guttatus var. depauperatus (14b) ; 6655 M. Tiling! (13). Essig, E. O. — M. guttatus (14); — M. gracilis Edwards, Helen, — M. M. nasutus (17): M. bicolor Lewisii (52). Evans, H. M. M. primuloid M. Lewisii (52); (55): M. Torreyi (81); KeUoggu (102); (109), M, M. leptanthus Hammond M. Lewisii Eisen, G. — M. acutidens (32). Eisenhower, C. W. — M. ringens (1); Suksdorfii (65 vans, W- H. longiflorus (46a); M. moschatus var. Cusickii M. Torreyi (81). M. alatus (2), EUot cardinalis M longiflorus guttatus calycinus (108a). 'EUis, C. C, 29Jf. M. glabratus var. Fre montii (25a). Evennann, B. W. — M, guttatus (14); M. Lewisii (52). Faurie, P^re, 327 M. sessilifolius (37). Fendler, A. 558 M. guttatus (14); 659 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a). Fenn M. pictus (105). Femald, M. L. 364 M. ringens (1). Elmer, A. D. E. 164, 2683, 3645, 4857 Ferris, R. S. 699 M. guttatus (14); 768,^ M. guttatus (14); 54^, ;^50M.Tilingi ""' ' var. caespitosus (13a); 646, 2572 M. Lewisii (52); 745 M. moschatus (46), 8O74 var. lonciflorus 149U 1560 M. Douglasii (10;5j; im M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a); 1468 M. moschatus var. longiflorus 1459 sessilifolius (46b); 752 M. ampUatus stamineus (90); i^O M. bicolor (55)i 1602, 16Se M. nasutus (17); 17S9 M. Fremontii (77). Ferris, R. S., & Duthie, R. 560 M. Cus- ickii (76). Fiebrig, K. 2077 M. glabratus (25). (42); 764, 3354 M. floribundus (44); 774 M. breviflorus (30); 777 M. nasutus (17); 3366 M. Bolanderi (71); 3359, 4056, 4941 M. cardmalis (6); 3367 M. leptanthus (109); 3371 M. subsecundus (78); 3821 M. nasutus (17); 3859 M. primuloides (54); 3933 Fieldstad, F. L. W M. ringens (!)■ M. brevipes (70); 3959 M. longi- Fitzpatrick, T. J., & Fitzpatnck, m. r. 4356, 4377 L. 4619 M. ringens (1). M. TiKngi var. caespito- 5049 Elmer, Elrod. M, tricolor (98). Fletcher, J- — sus (13a). viptt, J. R. 3A. 161 M. guttatus Lewisii (52). guttatus M var oschatus Tilingi (2). W. H. Jf9, 69. 176. 235 M Engelmann M. Tilint (44b); floribundus M. ringens (1); M. guttatus (14): moschatus M primuloides (54) ; (82). M var. caespitosus (13a). Fowler, J. — M. ringens (1). Freiberg, G. W. - M. guttatus (H), M. moschatus var. ^^^^^)^J^J^ Fremont, m M. KeUoggu {m,^ M.aurantiacus(112);5/^M.I^P^" - M. Fremontu (v^J- . — M. gracilis (3); — *^ (109) Engelmann French, C, Jr. M. glabratus var. Fre- prostratus (28) montii (25a); — M. guttatus (14). Epling, C. 6S78 M. moschatus (46); 55^, 5554. M. dentatus m)\6551 M. 6 longiflo: i(33); subse- 1924] GRANT — A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULTJS 357 cundus (78a); 10 M. modestus (101) ; 25, 86 M. moschatiis var. longiflorus (46a); 39 M. guttatus (14); 69 M. Torreyi (81) ; — M. alatus loides (54); 320, 423, 1513, 1579 M. Tilingi (13), 112, 136, 971, 1081, 1SA2 1561, 1614a var. (2); — M. brevipes (70); puniceus (113). Funston, F. 55 M. guttatus (14). M. M. nepalensis var. Gammie, G. A. procerus (35b). Gardner, N. L. 513, 667 M. guttatus (14); 531 M. cardinalis (6); 636 M. primuloides (54). Garrett, A. 0. 1645 M. Lewisii (52); 1802 M. guttatus (14). Gates, F. G., & Gates, M. T. 10618 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a) ; 10660 M. ringens (1). corallinus (13b); S57 M. stamineus (90); 647 M. tricolor (98); 76^6^, 954, 967, 976, 1232 M. pulcheUus (100); 781 M. subsecimdus var. viscidus (78a); 807, 967, 995 M. Bioletti (56); 809 M. Bolanderi (71), 1005, 1065, 1264 var. brachydontus (71a); 82S, 1344, 1469 M. floribundus (44), 44, 805, 970 var. subulatus (44c); 850, 963, 969, 1300 949, 1006, 1133, nasutus 1002 Gay, C. M. eupreus (11) ; — M. glab- lacmiatus (18); 956, 1270, 1298a M. mephiticus (88); 968, IO4I, 1200, 1296, 1310, 1356, 1458, 1494 M. Layn (42); 1032, 1119, 1309, 1336, lS44a, 1412 M. arenarius (43); 1421 » • 1307 Douglasii ratus var. parviflorus (25b). Geldem, von C. — M. leptanthus (109). Getty, F. — M. Douglasii (103). Geyer, C. A. 119 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (26a). • Ghiesbreght, A. 682 M. glabratus (25). M. luteus var. alpinus (lOe); (6); I48I M. leptaleus (91); 1618 M. abratus var. parviflorus (25b) . longiflorus, hybrid (108b), 1619 hybrid Glatfelter, N. M. 328 M. ringens (1). (108c), 1650 var. rutilus (108d); 1662a Goetz, F. 2 M. modestus (101); 4 M. M. leptaleus (91); 1696 M. parviflorus 1700 GiUies Pahn guttatus Goldman, E. A. 1237 M. Tilin (114). Grant, G. B. 285, 3753 M. puniceus (1 13) ; 286, M. longiflorus (108); 790, 2548 nibellus 4452, 4488, 6668 M. floribundus (44), 790a var. membranaceus (44b); 1409, lis, 305, 769, 946, 982, 1650, 1702, 2292, 2299 M. guttatus (14); ISO M, glabratus var. Fremontii (25a); 135. 739 M. verbenaceus (8); 1956 M. Lewisii (52); — M. primuloides (54). Grant. AT. 1 \if ™ „„: ., ro/w. primuloides (54); 2345 2423 4246 4242 var. longiflorus (46a); 4464 M. cardinalis (6); 6203 M. Fremontii ■ilin 942 6946 948, 969, 1004 1181, lS09b, 1309c, 1378 M. guttatus (14), 15m, 803, 977, 1231 var. depaup- eratus (14b); 15 M. Kelloggii (102); M. Breweri (67). rant, G. B., & Wheeler, W. 6135 M. guttatus (14); 61 4S M. cardinalis (6). £•?, 955, 996, loss, 1178, 13S5 M. Grant, J. M. — M. dentatus (38); 1468. 1514a M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a); 279^ io79, 1309a, 1311 M. leptaleus (91); 29t, 1074, 1177, 1341, 1452, 1611, 1512a, 156S M. primu- M. moschatus (46). Asa, — M. glaucescens (15); moschatus rar. sessilifolius (46 M. bicolor (55); M. Torreyi (81); M. mephiticus (88); M. 358 fVOL. 1 1 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN leptaleus (91); — M. tricolor (98);— 2928 hybrid (108b); 6011 M. Bige- M. longiflonis (108). lovii (74); 7671 M. Parishii (51); Greene, E. L. 10 M. tricolor (98); 224 8897 M. pulchellus (100); 9055 M. M . floribundus (44) ; 73^ M . alsinoides mephiticias (88); 9056 M. Layneae (48); 989, — M. primuloides (54); M. Tilingi (13), — var. caespitosus latidens (31). 9907 (13a), guttat (15); corallinus (14); M. ,, M. aucescens M. nasutus (17); M. Lewisii (52); M. tricolor (98); iorus (46a) M . Breweri (67) ; (108); M. steUatus (111); Iorus M. parvifloms aiirantiacus (112); (114). Greenman, J, M. 1528, 2112 M. ringens (1). Gregg, J. — M. glabratus (25), 195, subsecundus HaU, H. M., & Babcock, E. B. 55S9, S533 M. primuloides (54); 4^54 M. Breweri (67); 6033 M. subsecundus var. viscidus (78a); 6^05 M. mephiti- cus (88). Hall, H. M., & Babcock, H. B. 5050 M. discolor (64); 5107, 5113, SllSb, 5113c, 5155 M. deflexus (66); 5218 M. stamineus (90); 6622 M. mephiticus (88). Hall, H. M., & Chandler, H. P. 4 M. 331, 716, var. Fremontii (25a), Gregory, Mrs. floribundxis purpureus Griffiths rubellus (69); 1,815 (14); M. acutidens (32); 63 M. bicolor (55); M liniatus (18); 169 M. primuloides benaceus (8); — M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a). rinneU, J. 7 M. parvifloms (114); 8 Layneae »rus cardinalis M M Grinnell, cardinalis discolor (64); 352 M. Lewisii : 377 M. Whitneyi (93); m ^^ floribimdus Iorus moschatus leptaleus (91) ; 5J i M . longiflorus var. M. brevipes calycinus (108a); 692 M. Tilingi var. :i08). corallinus (13b); 6790 M. Bigelovu Gross, C. A. 23 M. cardinalis (6); 79 (74); 6817 M. mohavensis (94). aurantiacus (112); 106 M. angus- Hall, H. M., «& Hall, G. C. 83Ifi M. (70); Iorus tatus (99). Hall, E. 37 J^ M. guttatus var. decorus (14d); 376 M. moschatus var. sessili- foUus (46b). Hall, E., & Harbour, J. P. 398 M. guttatus var. Hallii (14c); 399 M. ^glabratus var. Fremontii (25a). , 2m, 7508 M. Tilingi B (13b); 1292, 1523, var. 'allin 8666 M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a); J Si ^, 2349 M. primuloides (54); 1449 M. Palmeri (57); 1468 M. rubel- lus (69); 1543, 2049, 7791 M. 'Fre- montii (77); 1959 M. diffusus (61); 2068 M, brevipes (70); S20£ M. floribundus (44); 2346, 8704 M. SI 60, 7739 irdinalis (6) iorus (108) mephiticus (88). Hammond, E. W. 310 M. cardmalis (»;, 311 M. guttatus (14); 312 M. mos- chatus (46); - M. Douglasu (m. Hanm^al, E. — M. tricolor (98); — *^- aurantiacus (112). .. _,. Hansen, G. 108 M. Douglasu (lOf^' 109, 1291 M. Kelloggii i^^>''',; M. cardinalis (6); 135, 473, I0j3, 1288 M. nasutus (17); ^/^.'^^^ (67); 462, 471 M. Lewisu (5^), >F M. primuloides (54); 463 M. mephiU- cus (88); 466, im, im, nil ^ bicolor 55); 1060, 1801, ^OSS^^ guttatus (14), 1048, nSl var. a^e^ S (14e); 1051, 1062 M^aurant^^*^ (112); 1124, 11^5 M. Torreyi 81 . 1126, 1290 M. inconspicuus {^^' 1024] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 359 1289 M. TJIingi (13) ; 1683 M. angusta- tus (99); 1809 M. Bolanderi (71) ; 1908 M. moschatus (46), 465, 1951 var. longiflorns (46a). Hanson, H. G. 690 M. glabfatus var. Freinontii (25a). Hardy, M. M. Harper, R. 34^ M. ringens var. mint odes (la). Harris, J. A. C16895, CI644O M. can nalis (6); C 16309 M. guttatxis (14). (109) Hartman, C. V. —288 M. dentilobus (21). Hartweg, T. 1898 M. bicolor (55); M. moschatus var. sessilifolius (46b); M. tricolor (98). Harvev. W repens Harwood, R, D. 4S47 M. moschatus var. sessilifohus (46b); 4349 M. purpureus (62). Harz, E. Basse, H. 1 cardinalis guttatus (14). M. alartus (2); M. nasutus (44); M. iorus folius (46b): Basse M. longiflorus (108). M. moschatus var. sessili- M . brevipes (70) ; floribundus var. geniculatus (44a) M. 4^3 nvularis (lOd). Bawver, E. P. — M. aurantiacus (112) Bayden, F, V. — M . guttatus Breweri (67); 6210, 8212, 10889 M. rubellus (69); 6680, 7449, 12306 M. aurantiacus (112); 6870, 10799, — , 11414, 13^1 M. Torreyi (81); 6972, 9786, 11497, 13309 M. primuloides (54); 7067 M. leptaleus (91); 7137, 9969, 12918, 13318 M. Tilingi (13), 7004, 10922, 12639 var. corallinus (13b); 7173 M. densus (87); 7141, 9664, 10203, 12155, 12620 M. Lewisii (52); 7272 M. Douglasii (103); 7508, 7868, 8158, 8591, 10192, 11339 M. nasutus (17), 12344 var. insignis (17a), 7410, 8936, 13256 var. micranthus (17b) 7771 M. orus var. calycinus (108a); 7961, 11806, 13261, 13391 M. Pulsiferae (40) ; 7963, 8194, 11919 M. Layneae (82); 8I42 M. floribundus var. membranaceus (44b) ; 8279, 10890 M. Bigelovii (74), 8194 var. cuspidatus (74a) ; 5755 M . Suks- dorfii (68); 10343 M. angustifolius (86); loiffT M. leptanthus (109); 11314 M. tricolor (98); 11338, 11905 M. bicolor (55); 11340, 11340a, 13191 M. glaucescens (15); 11343 M, latidens (31): 11374 Kellogg (103); 11806 M. angustatus (99); 11927, 11992 M. Bolanderi var. brachydontus (71a); — M. Fremontii 1314s 5. G. 314s moschatus M . glabratus var. Fremontii (25a) ; var. sessilifohus (46b) ; 3320 M . brevi- florus (30); 3324 M. nanus (83); lUatus (42); 3926 M. nanus 407 am caespitosus (13a). Heerman, A. L. — M. Kelloggii (102). ■"eUer, A. A. 6923, 13060 M. moschatus (46), 6947, 6973, 7960, 11511, 11714, 12064, 12166, 12797, 12875 var. Jongiflorus (46a), 12828 var. sessiU- fohus (46b); 6924, 6829, 7163, 7433, 1^1^' *^^^' *^^» ^^7^' s^i'^> ^0420, 10755, 11200, 11492, 11868, 12771, '*«^S, 13147, 13191, 13271, 13284, ^3417 M. guttatus (14), 8323, 13061 ^ar depauperatus (14b), 10569 var. *^*^ (14e), 5687, 7393, 12299 var. arvensis (14e); 6927, 6893, 11495 M. dentatus (38); 3986, 40O6 guttatus (14), decorus (14d). 40O6, var. ^ „. ._., _. Brown, H. E. 61 46, 6282, 5464 M. Kelloggii (102); 5268, 6388 M. aurantiacus (112); 5306, 6603 M. nasutus (17), 6549 var. insignis (17a); 6417, 6664 M. tri- color (98); 6461 M. glaucescens (15); 6493 M. guttatus (14); 6331 var. arvensis (14e); 6546 M. bicolor (55). Heller, A. A., & Halbach, E. G. 633 M. alatus (2). Kennedy, P. B. 867 1 360 [7oi. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Suksdorfi ihin (68) ; 8753 M . Breweri (67) ; primuloides (54); 879 J^. M. (14); 8819 M. Torreyi (81). (103) M. mephiticus (88). Illin, N. i(55 M. glabratus (25). Ingalls, M. P. — M. aiirantiacus (112). Jackson, H. S., & Hammond, E. W. M. nanus (83). 75 J^ M. Lewisii (52); 755 M. primuloi- Jackson, H. S., & Standley, P. des (54); 2264, 4610 M. breviflorus Lewisii (52). (30); 2675, 2675a, 2676 M. ampliatus James, J. F. — M. alatus (2). M. (42); (14d) ; floribundus (44) deconis James, — M. glabratus var. Fremontii M. (25a) . moschatus (46); — M. alsinoides (48). Jenkins, & Street, L. 19S8 M. brevipea sis (35). •U5, 10450 (70); M. nasutus (17); M. floribundus ;DSon. W. L Henry, J. K. 9054 M. moschatus var, Jepson, longiflorus (46a) ; — M . nasutus (17); 687, 1198a, 1812, 2503, 4043, JfW, M. alsinoides (48). haw, H. W. 100 M. diffusus (61); M. brevipes (70); — M. Fremontii 4812, 5569, 6S26, 7853, 7955, SSifi, 8833, 8994, M. guttatus (14), Hm, 3482, 4909, 6429 var. depauperatus (Uh),lm, 10m, 11m, 4628, 6238,6ma, Herbrand, M. — M. leptanthus (109). 8370, 9171, 9285 var. arvensis (14e); Herrick. C. L. SS M. elabratns var. 3m, 6m, 7m, 19m, 66m, 4274a, 9168, (77). orus Fremontii (25a). 9169, 9172, 9173 M. nasutus (17), Hiatt, O. „ ^.„^. _... „ Hieronymus, G., &° Lorentz, P. G. nalis (6) ; Sim, S2m, SSm M. latidm 719 M. glabratus (25). msignis (31); S4m, S5m, 36m, 71m, S0S7a, Hitchcock, A. E. 1256 M. rub.eUus (69). SI4S, 4327, 6169, 6361, 6888, 9000 M- Hitchcock, A. S. — M. ringens (1); Layn^ M. alatus (2); — M. glabratus var. 6398 M. KeUoggii (102); 37m JA. Fremontii (25a). Hitchcock, M. 24 M. cardinalis (6). gracilis 442. 1 floribundus Holzinger, J. M. — M. dentilobus (21). loides (54); 54m, 67m, 740.JJJi ^;^^ Hooker, J. D. — M. repens (26); M 4S73, procerus (35b), japomca Pulsifera Palmeri 4978 Howard, Mrs. C. W. SS M. gracilis Howell, J. — M. stamineus (90). Pulsiferae floribundus alsin 6335 M. Douglasii (103); 62m, 8JS M. tricolor (98); 69m, « 4^55, 8S96 M. Torreyi (81) ; 72m M. Biok^J. (56); 591, 4321 M. Gm\(^^^^'^ 4862, 6741, 8492 M. longrflo^ rybrld (108c), 8504 ^^I'^'^y fl08e): 658, 4274 M. lacnuatus 1» ; 3214a t M. washingtonensis (41); 134£, 1246, 1466 M. Douglasii (103); — 124S M. primuloides (54); 1244 M. guttatus 904, mo, 3355, 8091 uyr^f'^ 1454 (38) Lewisii 4O86, 4334, 4^74 464i, 4 5076, 6479 var. corallinus 431 0, 6489h M. discolor / M. Cusickii (76) ; - M. nanus (85) ; 4957, 5057, 7304 M- stammei^ Hull. W stamineus 4688 > M. guttatus (14). 6106 1924 J GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE 361 1402 M. Parishii diffusus lovii (74), 5054 var. cuspidatus (74a) ; 5349 subsecundus puniceus 6486 M. Tiling! (13); — M. moschatua 666, 793, 1797, 2760, 4869, 7181 var. var. longiflorus (46a); primu vuddus 4314 loides (54) ; — M . Suksdorfii (68) ; M. Torreyi (81). var. brachydontus (71a); 1691, 4150 Jorgensen, P. 980 M. glabratus (25); M. leptanthus (109); 1846, M. angustatus (99); 2797 M. acutidens KeUerman, W 1268 M. lutevis var. alpinus (lOe). M. glabratus var. (32); 3367, 4480, 8111, 8165 M. Lewisii (52); 4112 M. Jepsonii (92); 4272, 7855 M. moschatus (46), 42m, 44m, 46m, 46m, 61m, 680a, 2300, , 44^9, 4640, 4883, 4980, 8342, var. longiflonis (46a), 43m, Fremontii (25a). 9803 Kelley, 11. — M. Palmeri (57). Kellogg, A., A Branner, J. M. moschatua var. longiflorus (46a). KeUogg, A., & Harford, W. G. W. M. alsinoides (48), M. 8m, 49m, 50m var. sessilifolius Kellogg, J. H. 133 M. alatus (2). 4968, 5068, 6068 M. deflexus Kennedy, P. B. /50, ,^^5 M. Lewisii (66); 5070, 7262 M. Suksdorfii (68); 6825 M. mohavensis (31); 6862, 5911, 6956, 8580, 8797, 8945 M. Bigelovii (74), 6888 var. cuspidatus (74a); 577 M. guttatus (14), 1^56 var. Hallii (14c); 598 M. nanus (83); 1487 M. Bigelovii var. cuspidatus (74a); 1886 M. Tilingi var. corallinus (13b); 4P91, 6SU, 6371 M. inconspicuus (34); 4401 M. densus (87). 7305 M. densus (87). Kennedy W guttatus Fremontii (77); 1959 M. diffusus (61). depauperatus (14b); 121 M. Breweri Johnso Johnst M. tricolor (98). (67). King, M. A. cardinalis M. floribundus Johnst (44b) brevipes (70). Kirk, T. 124, — M. repens (26). M. brevipes Kirkwood, J. E. 28, 29 M. Lewisii (52); Johnstonii I486, 51 M. Tilingi (13). W. — M. leptanthus (109). cardinaUs (6); — , 1607 M.. longiflorus Kofoid, C. A. — M. glabratus var. Fre- (108), 2286, 2288, 2295 hybrid (108b), montii (25a). i^SO 2281, 2283, 2284, 2289, 2292, Komarov, V. — M. nepalensis (35). f29S, 2297 hybrid (108c), 2282, 2285, Kuntze, O. 9290, 2291, 2294, 2296 var. linearis (108e); 2307 M. nasutus (17); 2312 2900 M (14); M. gracilis (3); rivularis , W. R. Lewisii ( M. guttatus M. Bigelovii (74); 5590 Lamb. F. H. 1065 (44); floribundus, M. primuloides (54); S284, puniceus 9 «« Jones, M. E. 212 M. glabratus var. Layboum, W Langille, H. D. — M. Lewisii (52). Lathrop, L. — M. Lewisii (52); — M. tricolor r98): — M. Dougksu """' "emontu (25a); 1655 M. Parryi (72); 2396 M. leptaleus (91); 2459 M. Jepsonii (92) ■,3188,~U. Fremontu C^; 3288 M. leptanthus (109); 3439 M. puniceus (113); —, 3860 M. Bige- Fremontii (25a). Leiberg, J. B. 348, 2018, 2076 M. Suksdorfii (68); 583, 1168 M. moscha- tus 491, 1167 Pulsiferae guttat Hk 362 [Vol, 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 1446 M. McDonald, F. E. — M. ringens (1). 14^4 M- Lewisii Lcmnii Leibergii MacDougal, D. T. 15 M. rubellus (69); 244 M M. verbena- onis Suksdorfii cardinalis M. (44); Lewisii ceus (8); — M* leptanthua (109). McGregor, E- A. 32 M. floribundus (44); 40 M. Lewisii (52); 66 M. auran- tiacus (112); 105 M. brevipes (70); var. brachydontus (71a) ; Fremontii (77); M. Bolanderi 191 M. leptaleus (91); 223 M. alatus M. mohavensis (2); 837 M. Bigelovii (74); 954 M. Fremontii (94); M. Jepsonii (92). guttatus Letterman, G. W. 80 M. Lewisii 116, tus M. nanus (83); moscha M. guttatus (14). MacKenzie, K. K. 289, 298, 296 M. alatus (2); 352 M. guttatus (14); 2837 M. rineens (1). Lister, — M, nepalensis var. japonica McMurphy, J. 25, 294 M. aurantiacua (35a) . Lindheimer M 438 M. glabratus (25); 440 Lloyd, F. E. — M. dentatus (38). nn lUnni (14d); moschatus (46) M. alsinoides (48). Lyall, T. — M. madagascariensis (4); iiuin Lyon, M. W., Jr. 58 M. moschatus (46); 59 M. guttatus var. decorus (14d). Macbride, J. F. 59, 402 M. nanus (83); 170 M. nasutus (17); 261, 4S1, 569 M. moschatus (46); JfiS, 808, 2541 M. guttatus (14), 143 var. depauperatus (14b); 404 M. Breweri (67); 414, 571 M. Lewisii f52'): 865 M. nrimnlmflps breviflorus 900 Macbride, J. F.y & Payson, E. B. 750 M. cardinalis (6) ; 759 M. brevipes (70) ; 765 M. floribundus (44); 29S0, 3049 M. nanus (83); 3093 M. breviflorus (30); 3419, 3752 M. Tilingi var. caespitosus (13a) ; 3627 M. primuloides (54); 3703 M. Breweri (67); 3731 M. Lewisii (52). McCalla, W. C. 457 M. ringens (1). McCallum, Mrs. A. (112). McClatchie, A. J. 96 M. diffusua M. aurantiacus McCormick M. cardinalis (6). MacDaniels. L. H. 137 M. ringens ardinalis (f sessilifolius Layn Macoun, J. M. 702, 54480, 87665 M guttatus (14); 70S, 5448S 87669 M alsinoides (48); 5448S. 76792 M decorus Lewisii (52); 67855 M. Breweri (67) M. Tilingi (13), 76795, 76796 var caespitosus (13a) ; 76789 M. moscha tus (46), — , 5U74, var. longiflom (46a), 87657 var. sessilifolius (46b) 80935 M. ringens (1); 8766S M nasutus (17); — M. floribundus (44 Maiden, J. H. — M. prostratus (28) Mains, G. B. D-70 M. Lewisu (52). A/To,.oK n n 1/.165 M. Lewisu {o^J M. nepalensis (35) Mathews, W. C. SO M. aurantiacti (112); 135 M. moschatus var. ses silifoUus (46b); i77 M. cardmahs W Meams. E. A. 3507 M. brevipes (70j 3659 M. longiflorus var. hneani (108e); 3948, 4030 M. cardmalis W Meehan, T. — M. guttatus (If); T;/" laciniatus (18); -M. Lewisu (52),- M. bicolor (55); - M. subsecundus Matsumura ringens (78). MeU, C. D. Mell, C. D., & Knopf, var. Fremontii (25a) ; M . glabratus bundus var. geniculatus (4*a;. errill, E. D., & Wflcox, E^N. 5i. guttatus (14); 5^7 M. floribundus membranaceus (44b); 971, 107& Lewisii (52). 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 363 Mertens, Dr flonis parvi 6707 M. puniceus (113); 7005 primu 706S Metcalfe, O.B.;25,;?05M.glabratusvar. ... Fremontii (25a); 28, in part, 16S7 M. Munz, P. A., & Harwood, R. D. 4OIO rubellus Michcner, & Bioletti, F. — M. cardinalis (6); M. nasutus (17), var. M. longiflorus (108), 3356, 3359 hybrid (108c); 3758, 3853, S854 M. puniceus (113) ; A006 M. brevipes (70). insignia (17a); — M. moschatus var. Munz, P. A., & Johnston, I. M. 2850 lorus Miller, Mrs. C. E. S06 M. Lewisii (52). — M. longiflorus (108); M. parviflorus (114). M. Breweri (67); 2856 M. Palmeri (55); 2858 M. moschatus var. longi- florus (46a); 5202, 5215 M. Parishii (51); 5217 M. rubellus (69); 5378 M. Miller, Mrs. C. E., & Grant, Mrs. A. L. latidens (31); 5^67 M. diffusus (61). i 70S, J 704 M. parviflorus (114) "' - • -- • - >- . "._ Mizo-hoduki^ japonica (35a). M • nepalensis var. W Monks Munz, P. A., Johnston, I. M., & Har- wood, R. D. iOSly in part, mA M. guttatus (14); j^OSI^ in part, M. nasutus (17) • Williams Moore, Mrs. S. H. — M. guttatus (14). Morong, T. 66 M, ringens (1); 1213 M. glabratus var. parviflorus (25b)* Moseley, E, L. — M. ringens (1); — M. alatus (2). G. 2J^7 M. longiflorus unz, P. A,, Williams, I G. 2915 M. Lewisii (52). ajarre florus M, glabratus var. parvi- subsecimdus constrictus (78b). Mueller, P. von — M. gracilis (3); M. repens (26); (28): SMS, 83Uf 9545 W M . prostratus (29). var. Fremontii (25a); 688, in part, 1670, 2372, 3573, 9394 M. guttatus (14); 688, in part, M. Tilingi var. corallinus (13b); 1287 M. Suksdorfii (68); 1672, 3531, 6276, 8523 M. tatus (14); 964 M. moschatus (46); Lewisu (52); 7440, 9076 M. flori- Lewisii Mulford, I. 353, __. ^ 1152 M. glabratus var. Fremontii '"' ' "' M. guttatus (25a) ; Lewis: M. tricolor (98). Munson & Honkir (6). moschattis M. nanus (83); M. cardinalis bimdus 8951 var. membranaceus (44b). elson, A., & Macbride, J. F. 1032 M. Cusicku (76); 1227 M. nanus (83); 1278, 1844, 184^ M. guttatus (14), 1908 var. Hallii (14c) ; 1959 M. nasutus var. micranthus (17b); 2235 M. flori- bimdus var. geniculatus (44a). W«n2, P. A. 137 M. glabratus var. Nelson, A., & Nelson, E. J>^4 FremontU (25a); 328 M. ringens (1); nanus (83); 5748, 5841 M. guttatus Ji45, lti9, 2266, 3100, 3159 M. 1207 M. cardinalis *0S» M. longiflorus (108), 3362 var. 'atflus (108d); 2145 M. puniceus pl3); t780 M. nasutus (17); 3028 peratus 6371 M. Breweri (67). Nelson. E. W. 797 M. nanus (83) Nelsonu (9); 6027 M. guttatus (14). Tilingi (13); S61S M. BiRelovii Nelson, J. C. 120 M. dentatus (38); m2 M. moschatus var. sessilifolius moschatus var. ses- siltfoKus (46b); 6136 M. diffusus ^i M. purpurexis (46b); 1136 M. alsinoides (48) Nevin Parishii Suksdorfii (68); 6911 M. rubeUua Newberry Torreyi 364 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Newell, G. orus (54); 176 M. deflexus (66); 233 M. Newlon, L. M. Im M. mephiticus (88). nasutus (17); S78 M. brevipes (70); _ _ ^ 1006. 1008 acus (112); 901, 905, 907, 908, WIS, 1014, iOie, 1017 M. longiflorus (108). Nordyke, A. — M. guttatus (14). Norton, J. B. 379 M. glabratus var. (69); 7^S M. stellatus (111); 2^05 M. 283 M. puniceus (113); S2iy2 M. Palmeri (57); 322 M. subsecundua (78); 328, Ui M. verbenaceua (8); 383 M. Parry i (72); 632 M. rubellus Fremontii (25a). Nuttall, T. — M. dentatus (38); alsinoides (48). Officer, E. — M. prostratus (28). M Layneae (82) . 420 )44, 4663, 6488, 89 J^ 1481 Oleson, O. M. 14 M. nanus (83); 15, 22 (1); 11793 M. glabratus (25), ims guttatus var. Fremontii (25a). (113); iSS M. brevipes (70); 134, M. guttatus (14); 4S2 var. longiflorus (46a); 591, puniceus Palmer 14s M. ringens (1). M. Pammel, L. H., & Blackwood, R. E. floribundus (44); 845 M. diffusus 3706 M. guttatus (14); 3784 M. (61); 1094 M. Fremontii (77); 1179, moschatus; 3813 M. Lewisii (52). M. latidens (31); 1198 M. exiguus Parish, S. B. 117, 4755, 5620, 11226, (63); ISO4 M. nasutus (17); — M. cardinalis (6); — M. Parishii (51); M. Bigelovii (74); lOrus (108); M. aridus (110). dinalis Osterhout, G. 2716, 5253 M. glabratus 11958 M. brevipes (70); 119, 4189, 44, 11980 M. cardinalis (6); 465, 6. 4791, 4904, 5094, 5619, 11225, M. Fremontii (77); 6S1, M. Palmeri (57); 1217, M. Bigelovii (74); Suks rubellus Ottley, A. M. 621 M. brevipes (70); 4 900 tatus (14); 786 M. leptaleus (91); 1448 124£ 11912, 5800, 1982, 10119, 9242, 10039, — var. cuspidatus (74a); 1378 M. rubeUus (69); 1460, 1495, 10537 M. Parishii (51); U^S, 10952 M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a), 10951 var. sessilifoUus (46b); 1719, 2962 M. Breweri (67); 1851, — M. Suksdorfii (68) :1852U. exiguus (63), M. nasutus (17); 1356 M. acutidens (32) ; 1405 M . subsecundus var. viscidus (78a); I431 M. bicolor (55); 1437 M. angustatus (99); 1455 M. discolor (64); i486 M. moschatus var. lonei- 4903 M. pvtrpureus 3077 primuloides (54); U^S, 4792, 11346, 11987, 19264 M- Jo^JJ; florus (108). 19226 var. rutHus (lU»a , florus sessilifolius (46b); 1487 M. mephiticus (88). Overacker, — M. ringens (1). Overholts, L. O. 10161 M. Tilingi var. corallmus (13b); — M. alatus (2). Painter, J. H. 760, 816 M. alatus (2). Pahner, Edw. 16, 17, I45, 289 M. guttatus (14); 55, 87 M. pallens (20); 58,839 M. latifolius (95); 62, 323 M. floribtmdus (44); 104, 124, 164, 179 M. glabratus (25), 162, 235, 366 var. Fremontii (25a); 161 M. primuloides 5063 M. Tilingi (13), 36Ub var. .---^ Iinus(13b);57^4ni70,-M.nasutufl (17); 9242, 10039, - M. LayB^« (82); 9243 M. mohavensis K^h 10606, 11172, 11961 M. flo"bundus (44), 5405 var. membranaceus {Vivh 11191, 11311, 11567 M. gutatu- (14); 11502 M. ^urantiacus (U-^^^ xrrv.C.C.i47M.Parryi(72),^55M guttatus (14); 555 M cardmab.j^ — M. glaucescens (15); "~ __ |^ (55); — M. Suksdorfii (68); ; decurtatus(79);-M.Rattam(80). 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 365 (103); Layneae M. Douglasii Price, S. — M. alatiis (2). pmucens W. W M. cardinalis (6); Parry, C. C, & Lemmon, J. G. 308 M. Palmeri (55); S09 M. Fremontii (77); SIOM. brevipes (70); Sll M. longi- florus (108); 312 M. Breweri (67). Patterson, H. N. 251 M. floribundus var. membranaceus (44b); 29i M. guttatus Var. Hallii (14c). W M. flori- M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a); M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a) ; M. Lewisii (52). Pringle, C. G. 889 M. guttatus (14); 1347, — M. nasutus (17); 83^8 M. rupestris (7); 13149 M. glabratus (25); M. rubellus (69); — M. brevipes (70). bundus (44); — M.aurantiacus (112). Purpus, C. A. S27 M. glabratus (25), Patzky. M. verbenaceus (8). 2805 var. Fremontii (25a); 1372 M. Paulson, M. — M. aurantiacus (112). deflexus (66); 1383, 1389 M. mephiti- Payson, E. B. /^, iiOM. guttatus (14); cus (88); 6011 M. modestus (101); SSI M. rubellus (69). 6048 M . Palmeri Payson, E. B., & Payson, L. B. 1754 subsecimdus (78b) ; M. nasutus (17); 1755, 2226 M. floribundus (44); 1791, 2018 M. gut- tatus (14). Peck, M. E. 5623 M. alsinoides (48) 5243 M. Tiling! {\Z);6311 M. discolor orus 5348 79S5 Pulsiferae (40); 8625 M guttatus (14), 5606 var. depauperatui (14b); 8786 M. aurantiacus (112) S810M. dentatus (38) ; 9677, 9628 M nanus (83); 9580 M. primuloides (54) Peckinpah, Mrs. R. var. geniculatus (44a) M. Layneae (S2); 6602 M. floribundus (44); 6619 M. moschatus var. longi- florus (46a); 6786, 6304, 6304a M. Bigelovii var. cuspidatus (74a); 7015 M. pachystylus (49); 7069 M. rubellus (69). floribundus Raber, H. — M. tricolor (98). Ramaley, F. 115 M. guttatus var. mihfiriilns (Ua.'). 707 var. Hallii (14c). Pennell, F. W. 2194, ^279, 2533 M. ^ glabratus (25), 10444 var. Fremontu Randall, A. 50 M. aurantiacus (112) (25a). Perry w M. ringens (1). Rattan, V. M. dentatus (38); 217 M. inconspicuus (34); — M. cardinalis (6); M. Pulsiferae (40); M. ^S"? M. nasutus (17); iS5 M. guttatus floribundus (44); — M. moschatus (14); 199 M. Parishii (51); — M. •liffusus (61). ri'sby, H. A. — M. verbenaceus (8). ^eo, A. J. — M. alsinoides (48). ^>P«r, C. V. 1657 M. ciivicola (85); var. sessilifolius (46b); oides (48); — M. LewLsii (52); bicolor (55); M. alsin- M. floribund breviflorus M. Bolanderi (71), — var. brachydontus (71a); — M. subsecundus var. viscidi M. Rattani (80); — M. Torreyi (81); (17); — M. guttatus (14). ^iaakett, R. a. 76 M. Douglasii (103); «« M. leptanthus (109). ^iatt, R. H. — M. Torrevi (81). ^oUard, C. L. 1323 M. alatus (2). bollock, W. M. - M. ringens (1) ; - M. alatus (2). ^ond, R. H. 1082 M. ringens (1), ^ar. minthodes (la). Lay (98) ; igustatus M. tricolor M. KeUoggii (102) ; — M . Douglasii (1 03) ; M. aurantiacus (112). Raw, E. A. -47 M. alatus (2). Redfield, J. R. 240 M. guttatus (14); 247 M. Torreyi (81) ; 6093 M. aurantia- cus (112); 6103 M. cardinalis (6); 6107 M. floribundus (44); 6121, 6128 M. ringens (1); 6121a M. moschatus (46). 366 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. U Reid, M. Bridgesii (39). Reverchon, J. 1341 M. glabratus (25), Reynolds (109). (25 M. leptanthus Rhoads, — M, cardinalis (6). var, Fremontii (25a); 5^50 M. rubellua (69). Sampson, A. W., & Pearson, J. A. tSt M. Lewisii (52). Sandberg, J. H. 376 M. glabratus var. Fremontii f25a). W floribundus (44); Sandberg (46a) . M. moschatus var* longiflonis M. nasutus (17); 115 M. breviflorua lingens Robbins, W* W. 1616 M. guttatus (1 1599 var, HalUi (14c); S1S8 M. fit bimdus var. membranaceus (44b) n, O. W. . pxmiceus n, 0. W. oms. hvl orus linearis (108 Crocker (108b), M. var. guttatus (1 M, Lewisii 13074 floribimdua (44) *95 M, moschatus sessilifolius guttatus guttatus 401 M. cardinalis stamineus moschatus guttatus Royle, J. F. — M. nepalensis (35). Rusby, H. H, 321 M. guttatus (14); 764 M. rubellus (69); (1); M. alatus (2). M. dentatus (38) 106, 669 M. ringens M. ringens M Rydberg, P. A., & Bessey, E. A. 494S moschatus (46); 494s M. (14), Rydberg, P. A.. & Carlton. E guttatus moschatus bundus [46); 7269 M. flori embranaceua (44b) guttatus ^^^ — ^ — — J ^ Rydberg, P. A., & Garrett, A. O. 9883 Eastwoodia Rydberg glabratus (30); 362 M. moschatus (46); 557, M. Lewisii (52); 618 M. guttatus (14). Sandberg, J. H., MacDougal, D. T., & HeUer, A. A. 347 M. breviflorus (30); 444 M. moschatus floribundus Savage, T. E., Cameron, J. E., & Len- acker, F. E. — M. moschatus var. ses- (46b) M. Lewisii (52). • » Scherer, C. M. — M. tricolor (98). Schneider, C. 1771, 1863 M. Bodin 2). (36). RusseU. Schoenfeldt. F. S3A7, SA80 M. breupea (70); 3416 M. Fremontii (77); 3761 3835 M. cardinalis (6). Schomburgh M. repens (26). Rosendahl, C. O., & Brand, E. J. 6 M. Schrenk Schoper, M. 17 M. guttatus var. depauperatus (14b). M. ringens (1); M. guttatus Scovell, J. T., ringens (1). Scouler Scribner, F. L. 189 M. Lewisii (52). Seymour, 100S4: I 13006 10880 m". moschatus (46); 8806^. Lewisii (62); 11863 aisinoidea (48); 12959 M. dentatus (38). aw, C. H. 434. 984 M. Lewtu ««7- 77/?. 857. 1113 M. guttatus t moschatus Tiling! W iiLy, 84,' in ^- ^^^ ianun M. /erbenaceus (8). ^^„a« Shufeldt, M. A. 116 M. madagascanensis ShuU^ G. H. 103 M. ringens (1); «^ ^• alatus (2). 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 367 rubelliis Skeels, H. C. montii (25a). Small, J. 103 M. ringens us floribundus (44) Layn Smith, C. L. 406a M Smith, C. O. 208 "S linearis (108e). Smith. E. C. pitosus (13a); — M. moschatus Lewisii sessilifolius (46b); Smith, H. H. S791 M. dentatus Smith, J. D. 2127 M. glabratus Smith, L. B. U, 116 M. KeUogg Smith, L. S. 750 M. primuloic linearifolius (54a). Smith, R. J. — M. Fremontii Snodgrass, R. E. (114). parviflorus Sonne, C. F. U M. angastifoUus (85); 262, — M. Lewisu (52); 263, — M. nasutufl (17); 266, 266a M. TlKngi (13); 267 M. guttatus (14); 268 M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a) ; «7/ M. Torreyi (81); — M. Breweri (67). Spencer, M. F. IDS M. brevipes (70); S62 M. diffusus (61); 1288 M. mos- chatus var. longiflorus (46a); 1617 M. puniceus (113); 1709 M. guttatus (14), 1671 var. depauperatxis (14b); — M. Fremontii (77). Spreadborough, W. B. — M. lilingi var. caespitosus (13a); — M. guttatus (14). g>nice, R. 5168 M. glabratus (25). Standley, P. C. mO M. guttatus var. puberulus (14a). Starz, E. — M . moschatus (46) ; Lewisii (52). Steele, E. S. — M. alatus (2). Steimnetz, F. J. — M. cardinalis M, Lewisii (52); — M. nanus (83). otevena, G. W. 63 M. glabratus (25), SSO, 782. SOW var. Fremontu M. Stinchfield. R. lA. 117 M. cardinalis 138 Bolanderi (71). Stokes, S. G. M. guttatus (44); longifl cardinalis var. M. floribundus IS (46), A. Lewisii (52); M. rubellus (69); — M. brevipes (70); M. Tilingi var. caes- Stone, R. M. Fremontii (77). M. cardinalis (6). & Winterbottom. M. gracilis (3). Street, L. — M. brevipes puniceus (113). M. (102). Styles, Dr. — M. luteus (10). Sturtevant rmgens uksdorf, W. N. 61, 204, 560 M. wash' ingtonensis (41); 203, 485, 4472 breviflonis (30); 205, 2185, M. floribundus (44); 420, 687 M. alsin- oides (48); 473, 474, 478, 2136 M. guttattJS (14), 2321, 2773 var. de- pauperatus (14b), 2774 var. decorua (14d); 476, 480, 792, 5016 M. nasutus (17); 479, — M. Tilingi var. caespi- tosus (13a). 470, 472 var. corallinua 486, Pulsiferae (40) 487, 893 M. Suksdorfii (68); 1470 M. jungermannioides (45); 2320, — M. moschatus var. longiflorus (46a); 6673 M. dentatus (38); 5779 M. Lewisii (52); — Sullivan, C, & Gray, A. — M. laciniatus (18). Thacher, O, 55 M. brevipes (70); 56 M. M. Breweri (67). cardinalis Thompson, < M. guttatus (14); floribundus (44) . sessilifolius (461 moschatus [ . aurantia- cus (112). 1001, 1002 M. auran tiacus Thompson, J. H. 26, 209 M. cardinalis (6); 116 M. aurantiacus (112); 140 M. alsinoides (48); 178 M. dentatus (38) .(25a) ; S003}i M . alatus Btilhnan, J. D. B. — M. grandiflorus Thompson, Rev (109). Stinchfield M. Torreyi (81). iling cardinalis cacspitoeus Thomson, T. gracilis Layneae Thomber, J. J. 378 M. rubellus 368 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 379 M. nasutus (17); (1). ringens Veatch, stellatus Tidestrom, I. rubellus (69; aurantiacus Vesey, X. de. 65 M. cardinalis (6). Vogel, J. guttatus M. Lewisii TUden, J. 726 M. repens (26) Titus, A. — M. tricolor (98). Volz, M. alatus (2). Tokubuchi, E. M. nepalensis (35); subsecundus sessilifolius Torrey M. I Vorhies, C. T. 119 M. Eastwoodiae (53). Vortriede, W. Wagner, W. W. 300 loneiflorus f46a): M. nanus (83). (76); S7S M. Breweri Waldron, L. R. 142 M. Lewisii Suksdorfii verbenace\is Tourney, J. W. Townsend, C. H. T., & Baiber, C. M. S8 M. guttatus (14); 324 M. pallens (20). Walker, E. P. lit Fremontii (25a). Walker, E. P., & IV guttatus (14). Walker. H. A. 383 J Townsend nngens arvensis Tracy, J. P. 833 M . dentatus (38) ; chatus var. sessilifolius (46b) ; S05 M. 1636, 1620 M. angustatus (99); 1544, S44S, 4320 M. Layneae (82); 1747 M. Bolanderi (71); 2634 M. alsinoides (48) ; 3688 M . nasutus var. micranthus floribundus (44). M. gracilis (3); M. 4208 ala Tracy, S. M., & Earle, F. S. 220 M. glabratus (25). Trask, B. 267, S41, 343 (6): M. puniceus M . floribundus (44) Walter. repens (26). Ward, L. F. 90 M. guttatus (14). Watson, S. 309, 794, — M. floribundus (44) ; 7P0 M . montioides (65) ; 797 M. rubellus Suksdor Webber Lewisii M. Traskiae (104). cardinalis tricolor W 507 (106) nngens M Trelease, W., & Saunders, D. 4893, 4894, 4895, 4896, 4897 M. guttatus (14) ; 4890 M. Suksdorfii (68). Tufte, E. T. 227 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a). Turesson, G. W. 27 M. guttatus (14), 26 var. depauperatus (14b); 28 M. M. ringens (1); — M. glabratus var. Fremontii (2oa). Wheeleri H.N. 312, 372 M. Tilingi Kv^u 313 M. guttatus var. Hallu (14c). White, M. 81 M. glabratus var. ire- montii (25a). White, P. J. 6, 149 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a); 80 M. nngff ,^^/; Whited, H. N. -^ M. nanus (83); m^ M. alatus (2). Wiegand, K. M. Wiegand, M. C, ringens verbenaceus Ktr; chatus (46) Wilcox. T. E. 119 M. verbenaceus Tweedy, F. 577 M. Suksdorfii (68); Wilkerson, E. 10 U. Lewisu I Wilkinson, M. 1 M. longiflorus 876 M. rubellus 3422. 6740 M. guttatus (14); 6202 M. floribundus (44), 3423 var. membrana- ceus (44b). Umbach, L. M, 796 M. Lewisu (52). Van Dyke, E. C. 27, 146, 245, 321 M. guttatus (14). Vasey, G. R. 396 M. floribundus (44); 468 M. diffusus (QVs. WiUiams, R. S. 5^ M. ^^^"^^^^ membranaceus (44b); . ,. ^" chatus (46); - M. Lewisu (62). William nngens guttatus labratus Fremontii (25a) . WilUts. V. 201 M. guttatus Lewisii 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 369 Wikon, E. H. ISOS M. nepalensis (35). Woods, F. F, — M. ringena (1). Wflson, N. C. M. Cusicku (76). Woolls, — M. gracilis (3). Wislizenus, F. 265 M. ringens (1); S66 Wooton, E. O. 28^ in part, M. nasutus M. alatus (2); 561 M. glabratus var. Fremontii (25a) ; 761 M. guttatus (17); M. guttatus (14); M. rubellus (69). (14); 1291, in part, M. longiflorus Wright, C. 1482, — M. glabratus (25); (108); 1291 M. puniceus (113). 1483 M. rubellus (69). Wolfe, J. Sll M. floribundus (44); S13 Zeller, S. M. — M. guttatus (14); M. guttatus (14). Wood, C. B. minimus (48a). Wood, J. M. 1606, 9193 M. gracUis (3). M. moschatus var. sessilifolius (46b), M. alsinoides var. Zeller, S. M., & F. B. 946 M. guttatus (14), 947 var. depauperatus (14b); 12021 M. moschatus (46). * Woods, C. N. — M. guttatus (14): 42a Zundel, G. L. 192 M. guttatus (14). M. nanus (83). Index to Species New subgenera, sections, species, varieties, combinations, and new names are printed in ordinary type. ■ Cynorrhynchium 124 {Diplacus 326 synonyms in italics, and previously published names X Verschaffeltii 349 §Erythranthe 137 124 ^Picw^ 124 Erythranthe arachnoideus , 328 cardinaiis 138 (^ridus 336 §Eumimulus 126 aurantius 338 Eumimtdua 137 calycinus 33I §Eunanus 268 cardinaiis 138 Eunanits. 124 Chvehmdu 327 gliUinostis 338 glutinosus var. aurantiacus 338 gluiinosus var. Godrani 349 angustatiis 315 angustifolins 298 Austinae 296 bicolor 307 gltdinoms var. grandiflorus 335 Bigehvii 277 glvii'msus var. laUfolius 339 Bolanderi 273 Qlnliru>sus var. puniceus 342 brevipes 270 gluiinosus var. splendidus 349 Breweri 261 glyiinosv^ var. sfeUatus 337 clitncola 297 glutinosus var. Verschaffeltii 349 Congdonii 311 XGodroni 349 CouUeri 313 Srandiflorus 335 Cusickii 282 l^ifolius 338 Douglasii 319, 321 ^ptanthiLs linearis . . 334, 335 334 ^^^Mus 328,335 P^^^Jbrus 344 puniceus 342 Tugosus 350 Douglasii var. parviflorus 311 Fremontii 283, 289 KeUoggii 318 Kelloggii var. parviflorus 311 latifolius 310 291 *pecio5us 328 Xsplendidus 349 ^Uat}is, 337 Layneae leptaleus 304 300 mephiticus mohavensis 308 [Vol, 11 370 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN nantts 295 Parryi 276 pictus 324 pulchellus 316 Rattanii 289 evbsecundus 285 svbuniflortts 321 Tolmei 294 Torreyi,.. 289 tricolor 313 §Mim\ilastnun 308 ^Mimulastrum 323 Mimulns 124 acaulis 161 acutangulus 127 acutidens 202 acaiidens 186, 2a3 alatus 131 w alatus f . alhiflorus 132 , albus , . . , 345 AUcterolophus 350 alpintLS 154 alsinoides 232 alsinoides var. minimus 233 alsinoides ^ paniculatus 232 ampliatus * 214 andicotus , . 188 androsaceus 253 angustatus 315 angxisiatus 316 angustif olius 298 angiLstifolius 135 arenarius 216 aridus 336 r arvensis 174 assamicus 206 atropuTjmreus 321 aurantiacus 338 aurantiacus 146 Austinae 296 Bakeri, , . . . , 177 harhatus 260 XBartonianus 347 bicolor 247 Bigelovii • 277 Bigelovii var. cuspidatus 279 Bigelovii var. ovatits 282 Bioletti, ^ \ 249 Bodinieri 208 Bolanderi ......,» 273 Bolanderi var. brachydontus . . , 275 brevifloms 200 brevipes 270 hrevipes 273 Breweri 261 Bridgesii 210 Bridgesii var. integrifolia 211 Bridgesii var. stolonifera. 211 caespitosus ." 154 cardinalis 138 cardinalis 242 cardinalis var. exsul 138 cardinalis var. ffriseus 138 cardinalis var. rigens 138 ClarUi 315 clementinus 1^^ Clevelandii • • - ^27 clivicola ^97 coccineus 302 Colensoi ^^J Congdonii 311 Congdonii ^^ coraUiniLS •• ]^ 177 cordatus * Xcornation Coulteri var. angustatus 3lo crinitus g^ Crista^galli • cupreiia ^- Cusickii -- cuspidatus - ^i CynorrhyncMum ' - debilis nog decurtatus. * - - • ggo deflexus » 215 deltaidetis gog densus oQd dentatus 226 dentatv^ var. gracilis ^^ dentilobus jgg depressus jgj depressus var. acaulis ^^^ depressus var. nanus ^ depressus var. Pissisi ^ diffusus • 257 discolor 313 Douglasii 32O Douglasii 235 Dttdleyi '[ 347 Xduplex 1924] GRANT— A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 371 Eastwoodiae ,.•.•,.. 242 Eisenii 183 XElphinstonea. 347 «qa%nu8 159 erosui 177 exiguus 266 eitZw ,. 350 filicaulis 251 floribundus 216 floribundiis var, geniculatus 220 floribundus var. membranaceus. 221 floribundus ^ minor 216 floribundus var. subtslatus 222 formosana 206 XForsythiana 347 Premontii 283 gmiculatus 220 Geyeri 190 glabratus 188 ghbratus var, ascendens 158 glabratus var. Fremontii ... 190 glabratus var. parvifloms 194 glabratus var. Jamesii 191 glandulosus 345 glareosus 177 glaucescens 175 gltUinosus , 338 glutinoms var. brachypus 328 glulinosus var. linearis 334 glviinostcs var. puniceus 342 gracilipes 252 gracilis 134 grandis I59 9randijUyrus 159 graiioloides 266 *^*yi .!]..... 203 guttatus 157 IPdkius __ 148 guttatus var. arvensis 174 guttatus var. decorus 173 Suttatus var. depauperattts 170 fl^^**^^ ^TBx. grandis 158 guttatus var. Hallu 172 ^^*^^ var. i/i^^i^ 181 guttatus var. puberulus 170 l^'-: 172 Xflamsonia. . . . 347 tTl^- .".'.'.'.'.'.■.*.* .'.'."159, 350 -^^ybndus 348 *'^P^^=^ .\\\\\\\\'.'i51,155 implicatus 151 inamoenus 191 inconspicuus 204 inconspicuus var. acutidens 202 inconspicuus var. latidens 201 inodorus 230 Jamesii 190 Jamesii var. Fremontii 190 Jamesii var. texensis 188 javanicus 350 Jepsomi 306 Johnstonii 280 jungermannioides 222 Kelloggii, 318 Kingii 194 laciniatus 183 lanatus 345 Langsdorfii 168, 177 Langsdorfii var. alpinus 161 Langsdorfii var. wrgutus 1?8 Langsdorfii var. arvensis 174 Langsdorfii var. calif omicum, ... 159 Langsdorfii var. grandis 159 Langsdorfii var. gvttalus 159 Langsdorfii var. insignis 181 Langsdorfii var. microphyllus 171 Langsdorfii var. minor 151 Langsdorfii var. nasutv^s 177 Langsdorfii var. phiyphyUus l^ Langsdorfii var. Tilingi 155 latifoUus 310 latidens 201 Layneae ^91 LeibergU 231 leptaleus ^04 leptanthus ^35 Lewisii 236 Lewisii var. alba 237 Lewisii var. exsertus 237 Lewisii var. tetonensis 237 Lewisii f- tetonensis 237 linearis ^36 linearis • • 334 linearis var. lutea 137 longiflorus .....••• 328 longiflorus van calycmtts ^1 longiflorus var. linearis 334 longiflorus var. rutiltts • 333 longiflorus X puniceus 332 longipes 211 372 I Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Umguliis • / 171 lucens 155 lugens 142 luteus 146 luteus 158, 177 luteus var, alpinus 149 IvieuB var. alpinits 151, 154 luteus var. aurantiacus 146 X luteus var. calycanthemus 348 ItUeus var. cuprea 150 luteus var. depauperatus 170, 177 luteiLs var. gradlis 158 liUevs subvar. macrophyllu^ 146 luteus var. micranthus 194 luteus var. nummularis 149 Xluteus var. pardinus 348 luteus var. rivularig 148 luteus var. variegatus 148 Xluteus var. Wilsoni 348 luteus var. Youngana 148 lyratus 158 XMacIainianus 348 Xmaculatus 348 Xmaculosus 348 madagascariensis 136 madrensis 191 marmoratus 174 membranaceus 221 mephiticus , , 300 micranthus 182 microphyllus 170 minor 151 minthodes 131 minusctdus 177 modestus 317 mohavensis 308 moniliformis 226 montioides 258 montioides 264 moschatus 223 moschatus 226 moschatus var. longiflorus 226 moschatus var. paUidiflorus 226 moschatus var. sessflifolius 229 nanus 294 nanus 187 nanus var. bicol&r 307 nanus a pluriflorus 294 nanus ^ subuniflorus 321 nasutus 177 nasutus var. insignis 181 nasutus var. micranthus 182 Nelsonii 144 nepalensis ^ 206 nepalensis var. japonica 207 nepalensis f . japonica 207 nepalensis var. procerus 207 Neubertii 346 nevadensis 243 nudatus 176 nummularis 1^9 oceUatus ^^ orbicularis 1^^ orizabae ^ pachystylus 234 pallens ^^^ pallidus 127 Palmeri .•-■•' 250 Palmeri var. androsaceus 253 jmniculatus ^^ Parishii 235 Parishii \ t> • 276 P^^-y^ 344 parviflorus ^^ parvifiorus. parviflorus ^ Bridgesit **" Tx^rvulus -' jg pedunctdaris ^^"^^ perfoliaius ^^4 Pictus jgj Pilingi ^ , « pilosellus .Q- pilosiusctdus .« pOosus ' 2^ Pissisi 247 Prattenii * .gg prionophyUus 242 primuloides ' " n^ primuloides var. linearifoUus . . - ^ primuloides var. pihseUus ^^ propinquus jgg prostratus ^45 pteropus y^Q 177 pubendus ' 216 piAescens ' g jg pulchellus 211 Pulsif erae 345 punctatus 171 puncticalyx • 342 puniceus 1924] GRANT — ^A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 373 purpureus 255 purpureus var. pauziUus 255 pusillxis 199 pusillus 135 pygmaeus 312 quinquevxilnerus 346 radkans 350 Rattani. 288 renij&nnis 191 repens I97 ringens 127 ringens var. congesta 127 ringens var. minthodes 131 riiigens f. Peckii 127 rivvlans 15g RoezK ^ ]^5j Toseua 237 mew var. ghbrior 237 Xroseus var. Madainianiis 348 rubellus 266 ^^^^^ 259,261 mbdlus var. Miflorus 259 Xrubiginosiis 348 ^pestris. 142 Xsanguineus 348 f'OTxxm \V/^[[y.]\'. 350 f"""^ 154,158 ^caukri var. caespUasm 154 serotinus 216 sessilifolius !!!!'.!"' ^ ! ! 208 XSeymouriana 349 XSmithii 349 Smitkii ...,,.. . ] . . , . ' ' 149 spissus !.]... 277 stttnineus 302 steUatas ... 337 *f^^ ;;;;;;;;;::::::: 135 ''Z^^ ■ 134 ^^^enifcfrmis 177 8ubsecui5dus .!.!..!!.. 285 subsecundus var. constrictus . . . 287 subsecundus var. viscidus 286 subuniflorus 321 Suksdorfii. 264 sylvaticus 187 tenellus 171, 206 tener 188 thermalis 171 Xtigridioides 349 Tilingi 151 Tilingi var. caespitosus 154 Tilingi var. corallinus 155 Torreyi 289 Traskiae 323 Trcleasei 325 tricolor 313 tricolor var. angustatvs 315 Uvedaliae 136 variegaius 148 verbenaceus 142 veranidfolius 165 violaceus 350 viscidus 286 viscosus - 338 washingtonensis 213 Whipplei .' - 184 Whitneyi 307 XYoungii 349 Monavia 124 jOenoe 309 5 Paradanthus 195 § Pseudoenoe 323 Schizoplactts jSimiolus 1^5 ^imiolus 195 Synplacoa 126 § Tropanthus ^24 Uvedalia 124 linearis 1^® [Vol. 11,19241 374 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUBI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 3 Fig. 1. Mimvlua Trdeasei Grant. Mexico. From the type specimen, Trelease No. 68, in the Herbariiun of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Fig. 2. Mimvlua nepalemis Benth. var. procerus Grant. India, the type specimen, Gammie, in the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden. CO h3 o a H O PQ ^ i .^^t^ ^ ±1 «f /^4-A v^t+Af^ im^^^-w^^t^ *t1lLt L^WIft siMUir 9>'tWh.h t*»»'>fi" f 7/lt^*.*^*^ ' ' . ti- Am 4.1' irWl4 «IM*f ] 1 ' . #r-« JTr-i #H. CfcW%4MJa /V^ «y Otf ^Mi4M Jfl k f /-. t. y • Eh O K***^! *>im«<*,. Vt* urr WJrln^iJFt i i >> I 1 n « f> ^^4 ■ * H * - OUAVT — A AiO^HXiKAl'll OK TIM (;j:.NL>; .M/.MI /,li> 378 [Vol. 11, 1924 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 5 Fig. 1. Mimvlus diffusus Grant. type specimen Oregon. & HaU No. 1959, in the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Fig. 2. Mimvlus purpureus Grant* California. From the type specunen, Parish & Parish No. 1862, in the Herbarium ftt Stan- ford University. \i2 Ph ^ (M O o O CQ 3 *v ^■/A Attest 1<"« •*"' mh' ,|-r\. tn« r-Atti^P^ *>K4V**4b' • ■ ' ■»f 4h)MirN< M ;k \ rii « >i'* nil-; < ;»;n i s af r\r I'M s tVOL. 11, 1924] 380 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 6 J Fig, !• Mimulits Leibergii Grant. California, From the type specimen, Left>erg No. 5171, in the United States National Herbarium. Fig. 2. Mimvlus Grayi Grant. California. From the type specimen, Congdon, in the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. o > o 5, FL(t«« iif a. w. carfOM'ii . ^ 1 ^ 1 «u, * 't l-n'W me. J . I ,t A^ yWTEO STATE* NATFON*'^ HFllBAft^UM t J -- - - -i ^1 :* 1 ^ MvA43*^. Mi^h^l^d U»LI LKIMH Ckf^Jm^ plawts or cAL»ro«KiA ^jl.^-^Hi-*f^t tt^^r^^' ' , a-/ »/, — ■ .-'?r M*t*lft ■ H *M H W FiOftA or *s««A cauiiTV, miroRifiA, A.. *^ \ ^%- V. JUML« irwp« ■■■•"! I " • I < GKAXT — ^A .Moxor ;i; \T>Tr OK 7'iri; (;f:xrs \frArr*f rs (Vol. 11,19241 382 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 7 Mimului spissus Grant. Nevada. From the type specimen, Goldman No. 2548, in the United States Herbarium. Ann. Mo. Box. Card., Vol. 11, 1924 Platk 7 _^J_ Ir-. ^ y/' *.^(u-^. ^ cVWi^*-^ v^yj^- ^ ADCt^l LEWIS OWMT. i-1 ' UNITCO STITCH NAT^Ort*l l*U«U 1 « PLAnXft Of NEVADA n / ^J r-f GRANT A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS (Vol. 11,1924] 384 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 8 Fig. 1. Mimulus arenaritts Grant; habit collection, X 1- Fig. 2. Mimtdus Lewisii Pxirsh; habit, Fig. 3. Mimulus primtdoides Benth.; hi Fig. 4. Mimulus guUatus DC-: habit, ; del. Dr. L. M. Newlon Ann-. Mo. Bot. Gabd., Vol. 11, 1924 Plate 8 f 3 GRAXT-A MOXOGKAPH OF THE GENL.S MIMILUS [Vol. 11. 19241 386 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 9 Fig. 1. Mimulxis Breweri (Greene) Coville; habit, X 1. Fig. 2, MimiUits Tilingi Kegel var. corallinus (Greene) Grant; Fig. 3. MimvluB moschatus Dougl. var. Umgiflorits Gray; habit Fig. 4. Mimvlus Layneae (Greene) Jepson: habit del. Dr. L. M. Newlon I Mo. BoT. Gakd., Vol. U, 1924 Plate 9 ^Al V GRANT— A MOXOGRAPJl [Vol. 11, 1924] 388 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 10 Fig. 1. Af. nasiUus Greene, matiire capsule, X 1. Fig. 2, M. longiflorm (NuttO Grant, flower, X 1* Fig. 3. M* KeUoggii Curran, opened flower, X 2. Fig. 4. M. bicolor Benth., matiire calyx, showing the corky ribs, X 1- Fig. 5. M. aurantiacus Curt., cross-section of ovary, X 6. Fig. 6- M. KeUoggii Curran, mature capsule, X 2. Fig. 7. Af. guttatu8 DC- var. arvensis (Greene) Grant, mature calyx, X 1- Fig. 8. M. guUatus DC. var, arvensis (Greene) Grant, mature ovary, X *• Fig. 9. M. guttatus DC. var. arvensis (Greene) Grant, cross^ection of ovary, X 6. Fig. 10. M. Pulsiferae Gray, habit sketch showing the mature calyces and pedicels, X 1. Fig. 11. M. puniceus (Nutt.) Steud., flower, X 1. Fig. 12. M, tricolor Lindl., mature capsule, X 2. Fig, 13. Jlf. mohavensis Lemmon, opened flower, X 2, Fig. 14. M. aurantiaciLs Curt., flower, X 1. Fig. 15. Jl/. tricolor Lindl., cross-section of ovary, X 6. Fig. 16. M. Torreyi Gray, cross-section of ovary, X 24. Fig. 17. Jf . avbsecundua Gray, mature calyx, X 1- del. Miss Joyce Saunders * r Axx. Mo. BoT. Card., Vol. U, 1924 Plate 10 4 S 9 9 n yy /6 GRANT— A MOXOGRAPH OF TllK ^UiNTS MlMULFS Volume XI Nair.L . Annals o ilk Missouri Botanical Garden %< ^ >^ * V •2 L^ "^r* ^ T - ' .^' 4H ■-- ^ ^-A^'^ i- -^i^^ ^^t nai ^ :^ t -■^ ■^ ■- r J -I . ia"i Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden A Quarterly Journal contaming S^»entific Contributions from the IVliwouri Botamcal Garden and the Graduate Labora- tory of the Henry Shaw Sehool of Botany of Washington Uni- Tersity *^ affiliation with the IVIissouri Botanical Garden. EdUmmL Committee Moore Ben:^..^ M- Dugaar The Ami ' of th, '^:=^ouri B^bji d ^^w^^n ^^^.u.rs fc- imes dur- ing the --' - -r^r- Febraary April v.^^t^^^^u^^ ^^^ H^^^^oer. Four nmnbea^^) ^^..-.jie Su^..jription Price - - - - $Z/ ^^^ ^^' ^^e Sii^e^c Numbers » , - - ®l.(K>e&cfa The Miowii.^ ar^'^^ ^ . ,^ to . iormmn ^ -^■^'"' lua, W. C „ . E ^' Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 11 NOVEMBER, 1924 No. 4 LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS IN NORTH AMERICA SANFORD M. ZELLER Plant Pathologist, Oregon Agricultural College Formerly Visiting Fellow in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington University AND CARROLL W. DODGE Assistant Professor of Botany, Harvard University Formerly Rufus J. Lackland Fellow in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington University LEUCOGASTER Leucogaster Hesse, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 13: 189-194. 1882; Bot. Centralbl. 40: 1-4, 33-36. 1889; Hypog. Deutschl. 1: 68-71. 1891;Saccardo,SyU. Fung.9:281. 1891,14:249. 1899, 17: 240. 1905; Fischer in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 1** : 311. 1899; Hollos, Magyarorszdg Foldalatti Gombai, 97- 99. 1911 .—Leucophleps Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. 1:257-259. 1899 (in part). The type species of the genus is Leucogaster liosp&rus Hesse. Fructifications globose to irregular, hypogaeous to emergent, fleshy or waxy ; fibrils sometimes present, leading to rhizomorphs ; columella, stipe, and sterile base absent; peridium usually thin and fragile, sometimes rupturing at maturity; cavities frequently polyhedral, usually filled with spores embedded in a gelatinous mass; septa homogeneous, with or without a distinct trama, often gelatinizing at maturity; basidia from subglobose to ovoid and subcylindric, mostly 4-spored, sometimes 3- or 5-spored; spores hyaline or slightly colored, with various surface markings em- bedded in a gelatinous spherical mass. Issued May 22, 1925. Anjt. Mo. Box. Gabd., Vol. II, 1924 (389) dyU ANNALS OF THE MISSOUBI BOTANICAL GAEDEN Leucogaster was placed by its author next to Melanogaster Corda, because the basidia are in less definitely organized layers than in the other genera of the Hymenogastraceae, while Fischer, consid- ering its inseparable peridium and spore characters, placed it between Hydnangium Wallroth and Rhizopogon Fries. In several species the basidia are long-pedicellate, a fact which, in the absence of cystidia or paraphyses, often give them the appearance of being scattered throughout the cavity, especially where the razor tangles the long, thread-hke pedicels. The basidium is usually little more than the slightly enlarged end of a hypha and fre- quently much smaller than one of the spores produced by it. In the development of the sporophore cavities seem to be formed in the outer sterile layer of the gleba when the hyphae cease to elongate and produce basidia at the ends of the hyphae, while the surrounding hyphae elongate rapidly, separating the basidia. A gel, which is either secreted or formed by the disintegration of many of the hyphae in the cavity, fills the cavity and oozes out as a milky liquid when the fructification is cut open. The peri- dium is thin and usually homogeneous with the gleba. It is vari- able in thickness, owing to the manner in which the new cavities are formed. Fischer^ has recently described development in Leucogaster floccosus Hesse. He finds the cavities not lined with a hymenium in the^ youngest stage studied (3.5 X 2.5 mm.) but filled with loose tissue of thin-walled hyphae which show marked but wholly irregular swelling and form a loose pseudoparenchyma. The trama consists of parallel, thin-walled, interwoven hyphae. In a later stage (11 x 4-5 mm. in diameter) the cavity has nearly disappeared m a formless gel and the basidia push out into it from the septa. Fischer evidently studied L. floccosus Hesse, although he was not sure that it might not have been L. fragrans Mattirolo. A study of the type of the latter shows it to be quite distinct from L. floccosus, although it falls into synonymy elsewhere (see p. 403). In the Farlow Herbarium there is a collection of L, floccosus from Hesse, dated 1900, which agrees with the description very weU. » Fischer, E. Mykologische B Leucogaster. Naturf. Gea. Bern Fruchtkorpera 1922. 1924] ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTEE AND LEUCOPHLEBS 391 It contains 3 large and 2 small fructifications, one of the latter 2x3 mm. in diameter, the other 4x5 mm. They have been preserved in alcohol since 1900 and probably are somewhat shrunken. When collected they were probably about the age of those examined by Fischer. In the smaller specimen the cavities are filled with cells, somewhat irregular on account of mutual pressure, which expand to a spherical form when treated with a dilute solution of potassimn hydroxide. A further study shows them to be spores (?) borne acrogenously on short branches of curved or zig-zag hyphae, or sometimes terminally on large hyphae springmg from the trama (see pi. 11, fig. 10). When closely packed together they appear in rows, reminding one of the ap- pearance of aecidiospores of the Uredinales. As the only material available was no longer viable, whether these organs are true spores must remain in doubt for the present. Secondary spore forms have not been reported very frequently in Gasteromycetes. Fischer^ has reported cells which he called genunae in Sphaeroholus , and Eidam^ and Brefeld' found that oidia are produced in poorly nourished cultures of the Nidulari- aceae. In the Hymenomycetes most of the literature has been care- fully reviewed by Lyman/ Zeller^ and Snell, « who show that other spore forms are much more common in these fungi. We^ have aheady noted conidia-like cells produced at the surface of Arc- mgeliella caudata Z & D., although we did not attempt to germi- nate them. The spores of the present fungus resemble the basidio- ' Fischer, E. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Gasteromyceten. Bot. Zeit. 42; 433-443, 449-462, 465-475, 485, 494. pi. 7. 1884. ^ Eidam, E. Die Keimung der Sporen und die Entstehung der Fruchtkdrper bei den Nidularieen. Beitr. z. Biol. d. Pflanzen 2: 221-249. vl- lO. 1876. * Brefeld, O. 1877. Schimmelpilze 3: 1-226. ^ * Lyman, G. R. Culture studies on polymorphism of Hymenomycetes. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 33: 125-209. pi. iS-^^. 1907. . . ' Zeller, S. M. Studies in the physiology of the fungi. II. Lenzites saepiwm Fnes, with special reference to enzyme activity. Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 3: 439-512. (See pp. 443_444)^ ^^_g 1916. . ., 4 t • Snell, W. H. Studies of certain fungi of economic importance m the decay of building timbers with special reference to the factors which favor their develop- °^ent and dissemination. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1053: 1-47. pi. 1-8. 1922. . ' ZeUer, S. M., and Dodge, C. W. ArcangeUella, Gymnomyces, and Macowanite* ^ North America. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 49-^9. 1919. [Vol. U 392 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN spores so closely on account of the thick gelatinous sheath that they may be mistaken for the latter. In Leucophlebs Candida Harkness, one finds that the spore frequently has slipped out of its sheath, reminding one of the germination of the chlamydo- spores of Fisiulina, reported by de Seynes.^ In 1899 Harkness described a new genus, Leucophlebs, based on 5 species, 3 of which are undoubtedly Leucogaster sp. The types of the 2 remaining species are in such a collapsed condition that it is difficult to interpret the structure, but apparently they are the imperfect condition of Leiicogaster. For the present we would leave this genus among the Fungi Imperfecti, analogous to Ceriomyces Corda^ {Ptychogaster Corda), a chlamydosporic stage of Polyporus MicheU ex Fries, in so far as the species have been connected with any perfect stage. The relationships of Leucogaster and Scleroderma in connection with the forms originally described as Phlyctospora offer an oppor- tunity for further investigation by those having access to young material. There seems to be a series of forms from such species as Leucogaster luteomaculatus and L. fioccosus with their duplex peridia, through such forms as L. citrinus to L. hadius, thence to Scleroderma (Phlyctospm-a) fuscum and S. (Euscleroderma f) dictyosporum and S. {Euscleroderma) aurantium, in which there is a gradual thickening of the peridium, a thickening of the gelatin- ous envelope of the spore with a simultaneous increase in the depth of the warts and reticulations, which finds its most complete expression in the subgenus Phlyctosp&ra of Scleroderma, and a sudden idisappearance of the gelatinous sheath in the subgenus Euscleroderma. Observations on the development of Scleroderma hypogaeum Zeller by one of us show that the spores of this species are at first surrounded by a thick gelatinous sheath which, upon maturity and drying, disappears. Further, it will be noted that in the above series of forms, all stages are represented, connecting forms with a well-defined and definitely organized hymenium with those m which the basidia are scattered throughout the ^de Seynea, J. Recherches pour servir k Itistoire naturelle des v^g^taux in- » S^'t> ^* ■^^^ ^^*'^"'^' • v+7lpp.7p?. Paris, 1874. Not Battara. Ceriomyces Battara has been used as a segresate of Boktus Fries American 1910). 1924] ZELLEE & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 393 tissue. The series also illustrates a progression from forms which gelatinize throughout to those which finally become dry and dusty at maturity. Until a morphological study can be made, it seems wise to consider all forms with light-colored and hyaline spores enclosed in a definite, globose, gelatinous sheath as species of Leucogaster, reserving the dark-colored spore groups for the subgenus Phlyciospora of Scleroderma. As in our previous work, we have used as a standard for color descriptions Ridgway, 'Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature,' Washington, D. C, 1912. In citing specimens we have given the data accompanying the specimens. Wherever possible the location of the specimens has also been given. In conclusion we gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness to all who have aided us in this work. We are indebted to the Missouri Botanical Garden for the use of the library and herbarium; to Dr. L. R. Abrams for access to the Dudley Herbarium at Leland Stanford Jr. University, and to Prof. J. McMurphy for assistance in the study of Harkness' spechnens there; to Dr. E. A. Burt for access to his private herbarium and for helpful suggestions; to the late W. G. Farlow for access to the collections from Hesse in the Cryptogamic Herbarium of Harvard University, and, since Dr. Farlow's death, to Dr. R. Thaxter for helpful suggestions and ^or access to his own collections as well as those of the Farlow Herbarium ; to Dr. H. D. House for the privilege of studying the type of Hymenogaster anomalus Peck from the New York State Museum; to Mr. C. G. Lloyd for access to specimens in the Lloyd Museum; to Mr. H. E. Parks for assistance in collecting fresh niaterial; and to Dr. W. A. Setchell and to Dr. N. L. Gardner for access to the University of California Herbarium. Key to the Species of Leucogaster and Leucophlebs 1- Peridium duplex, thin, 60-80 /* thick, white spotted with yellow, becoming reddish on drying, basidia linear-oblong • • • • Leucogaster luteomaculatus (p. 394) 1- Peridium simplex, although sometimes with flocculent patches, then much thicker ; • • ^ 2. Spores over 16 n in diameter ^- «"^"^ ^P- ^°*) 2. Spores under 16 ^l in diameter ^ 3. Peridium of large hyphae (more than 4 m in diameter) * 3- Peridium of slender hyphae 394 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 4. Septa of long hyphae, peridium very thick L. liosporus (p. 402) 4. Septa of pseudoparenchyma, peridium 140-220 {i thick. 5 5- Spores reticulate L. Tozziana (p. 403) 5. Spores aculeate L. Bucholtzii (p. 404) 6. Peridium thin (under 180 /z thick) 7 6. Peridium thick (over 200 p thick) 12 7. Septa thick, 100-150 m thick, gleba becoming bay or darker. L. floccosus (p. 402) 7. Septa medium, 76-100 m thick, gleba white 8 7- Septa thin, 20-50 /x thick , 9 8. Cavities empty, subhymenial layer compact L. odaratiMS (p. 396) 8. Cavities filled, subhjnnenial layer loosely woven.. L. foveolatus (p. 397) 9. Peridium 15-20 /x thick, surface studded with shallow depressions, white Leucophlebs Candida (p. 407) 9. Peridium 120-180 m thick. 10 9. Peridium 15-60 m thick, pseudoparenchymatous, red Leucogaster rubescens (p. 395) 10- Peridium containing pigmented bodies, citron-yellow. .L. citrinus (p. 398) 10. Peridium uniform H 11. Septa of 3 indefinite layers, basidia long-pedicelled, paraphyses none, giving the hymenium an arachnoid appearance, sterigmata short L* araneosiis (p. 399) 11. Septa thinner, homogeneous, spores 13 p in diameter, "sterigmata "long Leucophlebs magnata (p. 406) 12- Septa thin, 60-120 m thick, basidia clavate, 22X8 /x, spores 11-13 /i m diameter, sterigmata short Leucogaster anomalus (p. 399) 12. Septa thick, 150-200 /i thick, basidia pyriform 1^ 13. Basidia 20-24X12 ju, spores 12-16 m in diameter, sterigmata short L. badius (p. 400) 13. Basidia 7-8X5-6 p, pedicellate, spores 8-10 m in diameter, sterigmata long L. fuldmaculosus (p. 40l) 1. Leucogaster luteomaculatus Zeller & Dodge, sp. no v. Fructificationes globosae, 2.5 X 1 cm. metientes, siccatae 1.5 X 0.8 cm., recentes calceae, cum maculis sordide luteis (Thaxteri memoranda), siccatae "ox-blood red vel "garnet-brown'' (Ridgway), superficie inaequali, nitenti; funicuU anastomosantes, hinc indeque Uberi, nigri, nitentes; peridium 60-80 m crassitudine, duplex, strato extero facile ab intero separante pannis relictis, 20-30 m crassitudine, hyphis cra^is» septatis, olivaceis-brunneis sub lente, contexto, strato intero 40-50 /i crassitudme, hyphis tenuibus, badiis, granulatis, dense contexto; gleba lactea recens (Thaxtero teste), siccata "cinnamon" vel "clay-color" (Ridgway); locelli globosi vel angulosi, impleti; septa tenua, 50-60^ crassitudine, hyalina, hyphis paralleUs, crassis, tenuib^ cum parietibus, hyaUnis contexta, scissilia; basidia hyalina, 7 X 12 m, anguste o longa, bispora; sterigmata 2-4 /i longitudine; sporae dilute ohvaceae sub lente, globosae, minute verrucosae in vaginis gelatinosis inclusae, 7-9 m- Habitat sub foliis in fagetis, Carolina boreali. Aestate. Type: in Thaxter Herb. Fructifications globose, 2,5 X 1 cm., drying 1.5 X 0.8 cm., chalk-white with yeUow flecks (Thaxter's field notes), becoming 1924] ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 395 ox-blood red to garnet-brown on drying, surface uneven, shining; fibrils anastomosing, free in places, black, shining; peridium 60- 80 [1 thick, duplex, outer layer readily separating from the inner, leaving patches 20-30 (x thick, of large, septate, olive-brown hyphae; inner layer 40-50 {i. thick, of slender, reddish brown, granular, closely woven hyphae; gleba milk-white when fresh, drjdng cinnamon or clay-color; cavities globose to polyhedral, filled; septa thin, 50-60 [x, hyaline, of large, parallel, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae, scissile; basidia hyaline, 7 X 12 fi, narrowly oblong, 2-spored; sterigmata 2-4 [x long; spores light olivaceous under the microscope, globose, minutely verrucose with a gelatin- ous sheath, 7-9 y^ in diameter. Under leaf mould in beech forests. Europe and North America. Summer. The duplex character of the peridium, the color both when fresh and upon drying, as well as the very thin peridium, should serve to distinguish this species from other members of the genus. Specimens examined : Exsiccati: D. Saccardo, Mycoth. Ital., 1424. Switzerland: E. Butignot (in Lloyd Mus. 025). Italy: Firenze, Vallombrosa, A, Fiori in D. Saccardo, Mycoth. Ital, 1424 (in Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.). North Carolina: Cranberry, R. Thaxter, 3, type (in Thaxter Herb, and in Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.). California : Santa Clara County, H. E. Parks, 908 (immature) and 915 (in Univ. Cal. Herb., and in Dodge Herb. 2104). 2. Leucogaster rubescens Zeller & Dodge, sp. nov. Fructificationes subglobosae vel irregulares, primum albidae vel cameae, deinde "brick-red" vel "Hessian brown" (Ridgway), superficie levi vel inaequali, yiscida; funiculi concolores saturatioresve, innati-appressi ; peridium 15-35 ,x crassitudine (ali- quando 40-60 ^x) pseudoparenchymate gelatinoso, fragUe, "orange rufoas (Ridg- way) siccatum; gleba siccata cremea vel "ivory-yellow" (Ridgway) secata; loceUi circa 0.5 mm., globosi vel angulosi; septa hyalina, 35-55 p crassitudme, hyphia tenuibus scissilescentibus; basidia hyalina, pyriformia, 15-25 X 8-14 ,x, pediceUo 50-125 M longitudine, tetraspora, sterigiatibus 2-A n longitudine; sporae sphaencae oblongaeve, echino-reticulatae, subhyalinae, 11-15 m (cum vagma gelatino.sa, b-lU m sme vagina). Sub foliis in aceretis. Oregon. Veri. Type: in ZeUer Herb., Dodge Herb., and Oregon Agr. Coll. Herb.- 396 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN IVOL. J 1 Fructifications subglobose to irregular, at first whitish to flesh- pink, becoming brick-red to Hessian brown, surface smooth, uneven, viscid when moist; fibrils concolorous or darker, innate- appressed; peridium usually 15-35 [l thick (sometimes 40-60 [>.), composed of gelatinized pseudoparenchyma, drying brittle and orange rufous, lined with the fine, hyaline hyphae of the outer layer of the gleba (showing white in cross-section) ; gleba drying cream-color or ivory-yellow when cut after drying; cavities aver- aging about 2 to the mm., globose to polyhedral, lined with a clear gelatinous mucus, embedding the long-pedicelled basidia and spores; septa hyaline, 35-55 [l thick, of thin-walled hyphae, be- coming scissile ; basidia not in a definite hymenium, hyaline, pyri- form, 15-25 X 8-14 [x, on pedicels 50-125 ^ long, 4-spored; sterig- mata 2-4 ^a long; spores spherical to oblong, echino-reticulate, almost hyaline, 11-15 \j. (including gelatinous sheath), spore alone 6-10 [I.. In leaf mould under maples. Oregon. May. The thin pseudoparenchymatous peridium, which is vivid red, and the echino-reticulate spores separate this species from others of the genus. Specimens examined : Oregon: Corvallis, L. M. Boozer, type (in Oregon Agr. Coll. Herb. 3706, in Zeller Herb. 2322, and in Dodge Herb. 2072). 3. Leucogaster odoratus (Harkness) Zeller & Dodge, comb. nov. Leucophleps odorata Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. 1: 258. 1899; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 252. 1902. Illustrations: Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. 1: ??• 43. f. 9; Rev. Myc. 22 : pi. 201,. f. 12. Type: in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Fructifications oblong or irregularly lobed, large, 3-4 cm. in diameter, light orange, fading in alcohol; fibrils and columella wanting; peridium thin, about 100 ^ thick, of compactly woven, gelatinized hyphae, homogeneous with the septa; gleba white, cavities round, empty; septa about 75 ^ thick, of 3 layers, the middle layer of parallel, gelatinized hyphae, subhymenial layei^ of closely interwoven hyphae, hymenium of long-pedicellea 1924] 4 ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LETJCOPHLEBS 397 basidia, 20 X 5 [x; no paraphyses; sterigmata short; spores hy- aline, reticulate in gelatinous sheath, globose to slightly ellipsoidal, 8-11 [L in diameter. California. June to July. The freshly cut gleba exudes a milky juice, probably a dense definite This with the large, spherical empty cavities and its color, makes it quite easy to recognize in the field. Specimens examined: California: Shasta County, Castle Crag, H. W. Harkness, 251, type (in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ.) ; Santa Clara County, Saratoga, Boys' Outing Farm, H. E. Parks & C. W. Dodge (in Dodge Herb. 1529). 4. Leucogaster foveolatus (Harkness) Zeller & Dodge, comb nov. Leucophleps foveolata Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. 1: 258. 1899; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 252. 1902. Type: m Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Fructifications subglobose, 1 cm. in diameter, white or faintly citron color; fibrils few, small, white; columella wanting; peridium thin, 75-100 [x thick, of very slender, compactly woven hyphae, homogeneous with the septa which show through as reticulations or pits on the surface; gleba white, cavities rounded, filled with hyphae; septa 75-100 ii. thick, of 3 layers, the middle layer of compactly woven, gelatinized hyphae, subhymenial layer of larger, more loosely woven hyphae; basidia clavate, 12 X 7 tx, disappearing, leaving spores sticking to walls of the cavity hyphae ; sterigmata long ; spores hyaline, guttulate, reticulate in a gelatmous sheath, sometimes slipping out at maturity, globose to sHghtly eUipsoidal, 7-12 [x. Moist earth. British Columbia to California. July to Sep- tember. Leucophlehs gibbosum Harkness, herb, nom., is a lighter form, irregular m shape but structurally similar (Harkness 124, without locality data in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Umv.). Specimens examined: QOQ IVOL. 11 tjyS ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GAEDEN British Columbia : south of Beavermouth along Quartz Creek Trail, C. W. Dodge, 1545 (in Dodge Herb.). California : Marin County, Mill Valley, H. W. Harkness, 209, type (in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ.). 5. Leucogaster citrinus (Harkness) Zeller & Dodge, comb, nov Leucophleps dtrina Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. HI 259. 1899; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 252 1902. Illustrations: Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. 1 : pi 43, f. 8; Rev. Myc. 22 : pi. 20 4, f. 10-11. Type: in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Fructifications solitary, subglobose, 2 cm. in diameter, "citron color, imparting a reddish color to alcohol when immersed" (Harkness), becoming dirty vinaceous buff when dry; peridium 140-170 II thick, composed of uniform, small, closely woven hyphae, appearing light chalcedony-yellow, homogeneous except for mcluded sand and globose to irregular pigmented bodies, 12-20 [A in diameter, appearing granular, tawny to buckthorn- brown; gleba ivory-yellow when dry; cavities large, globose, empty; septa 20-30 (x thick between hymenial layers, composed of very slender, closely woven, hyaline hyphae ; basidia narrowly clavate, 16-25 x 2-4 ^i, hyaline, filled with oU globules, 2-4- spored; sterigmata 5-7 {i long, slender; spores brown in mass, sybhyalme under the microscope, pitted or minutely vermcose, 7-1 1 [1 in diameter, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath approxi- mately 1-2 ti thick. Under manzanita and laurel. California. April. Cremogaster hvisporus Mattirolo agrees with this species in all respects except that it is slightly younger material and the spore is scarcely pitted yet. Specimens examined: California: Marin County, Mt. Tamalpais, H. W. Harkness, 168, type (in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. and in Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.) ; Santa Clara County, Saratoga, Boys' Outing Farm, DaU Parks (in Univ. Cal. Herb., under H. E. Parks, 816); CaU of the Wild, H. E. Parks, 37h (in Umv. Cal. Herb.); San Antonio Mts., /. M.Johnston, type of Cremogaster lemsporus Mattirolo (in Lloyd Mus.). 1924J ZELLER & DODGE — rLEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 399 I 6. Leucogaster araneosus Zeller & Dodge, sp. nov. snuff vel "bister" (Ridgway); funiculi magni sed non prominentes, pauci, semi-innati, Bubramosi ; peridium 130-180 jx crassitudine, simplex, hyphis dilute bnmneis tenuis- simis dense contextum; gleba alba, fulvis cum maculis; locelli subglobosi, impleti; septa tenua, 40-50 m crassitudine inter hymenia, compacta, stratis tribus com- posita, strato medio dilute brunneo, stratis caeteris hyalinis ; stratum hymeniale quasi araneosum funde nomen"): paraph vses nuUi: basidia hyalina, granulato-guttulata, mi sporae hyalinae, globosae, alveolato-reticulatae, angulis alveolarum prominentibui velut spinis obtusis, in vaginis gelatinosis inclusae, 8-11 fx in diametro. Habitat in Carolina boreali. Aestate. Type : in Thaxter Herb. Fructifications globose, 0.6 cm. in diameter in preserved ma- terial, snuff-brown to bister ; fibrils large but not prominent, few half-immersed, somewhat branched; peridium 130-180 [i thick simplex, of closely woven, very slender, light brown hyphae gleba w^hite with tawny spots ; cavities subglobose, filled ; septs thin, 40-50 jjl thick between hymenia, compact, of 3 layers, th( middle layer being light brown, the other 2 layers hyaline hymenial layer arachnoid; paraphyses none; basidia hyaline granulate-guttulate, 8-10 X 6-8 {jl, pyriform, on pedicels up tc 300 [JL long, 4-spored; spores hyaline, globose, alveolate-reticulat- angles of alveoli projecting as blunt spines, in a gelatinous sheath 8-1 1 [JL in diameter. North Carolina. Summer. Specimens examined: North Carolina: Cranberry, R. Thaxter, 96 (in Thaxter Herb and Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.). ) 7. Leucogaster anomalus (Peck) Zeller & Dodge, comb. nov. Hymenog aster anomalus Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 116: 31- 32. 1907 (also cited as N. Y. State Ed. Dept. Bull. 404: 31-32. 1907, and as Kept. State Botanist [N. Y.] 1906: 31-32. 1907); Saccardo & Trotter in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21 : 496. 1912. Type: in Coll. N. Y. State and in U. S. Nat. Herb. Fructifications globose ib irregular, 1-2.5 cm. m diameter, cinnamon-buff, clay-color, and tawny oHve to Mikado brown above, Hay's russet and liver-brown below, "glabrous, slightly lacunose. often with a root-like strand of mycelium at the base, 400 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GAEDEN [Vol. 11 . . . sterile base obsolete or nearly so, odor slight, not disagree- able," (Peck) ; peridium 240-520 [i thick, grenadine to English red near the surface to hyaline within, composed of very slender inter- woven hyphae; gleba amber-brown to Sudan brown, sometimes lighter; cavities large, mostly more than 1 mm. in diameter, sub- globose to irregular, empty; septa 60-120 [i, composed of very closely woven, hyaline hyphae, not scissile; cystidia none, para- physes clavate, granularly guttulate; basidia clavate, 22-24 X 8 jx, hyaline, 4-spored; spores almost sessile, dilute cream-colored to hyaline, globose, 11-13 \i in diameter, uninucleate, surface pitted, giving the appearance of hexagonal reticulations, surrounded by a hyaline, gelatinous sheath. Hypogaeous, in woods. District of Columbia. August to September. Specimens examined: District of Columbia: Washington, Rock Creek Park, T. E. .Wilcox, type (in Coll. N. Y. State and U. S. Nat. Herb.)- 8. Leucogaster badius Mattirolo, R. Accad. Sci. Torino, Mem. II. 53 : 356. 1903; Saccardo & Saccardo in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 240. 1905. Illustrations: Mattirolo, R. Accad. Sci. Torino, Mem. II. 53: pi. unnumbered, f. 1-3. Type: probably m Mattirolo Herb, and in CoUezione Beccari, Herb. Cesatiano at the R. 1st. Bot. di Roma, but not seen. Fructifications subglobose, 1 cm. in diameter, raw sienna to raw umber, surface pitted, glabrous; stipe very slender, from a very slight, inconspicuous, sterile base; peridium 200-340 ^ thick, ochraceous-bufF, stupose, composed of very slender hyphae; gleba raw umber; cavities polygonal, filled with spores in a gelatinous mass due to deliquescence, 0.7-1.0 mm. in diameter; septa 160- 200 jx thick, composed of compactly woven, gelatinous, cream- colored hyphae ; cystidia none ; basidia hyaline, pyrif orm, 20-24 X 12 [A, 4-spored, guttulate; spores almost sessile, subglobose, 12 16 ji. in diameter, cream-colored, surface pitted, giving the ap- pearance of hexagonal reticulations, surrounded by a hyaline, gelatinous sheath. On the ground, under leaves. Italy and New York, July and August. 924] ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 401 Specimens examined: New York: East Galway, E, A. Burt (in Burt Herb.). 9. Leucogaster fulvimaculosus Zeller & Dodge, sp. nov. cinnamon buff," "tawny" (Ridgway) maculatae; funiculi non promine peridium 375-425 ^^ crassitudine, simplex, compactum, hyph textima; gleba "warm buff" (Ridgway) vel dilutior; locelli Bemi-impleti; septa 150-180 m crassitudine, hyalina, hyphis texta, non scissilia: basidia hyalina, 7-8 X 5-6 (i, piriformia, i hyalinae brunneae siccatae, sphericae vel ovoideae, verrucosae vel reticulatae, m vagmia gelatinosis inclusae, 8-10 n diametro. Habitat in sQvis udosis. Civ. Noveboracensi. Aestate. Fructifications globose, 2.0-2.5 cm. in diameter, drying cinna- mon-bufl, spotted with tawny; fibrils not prominent, few, con- colorous; peridium 375-425 [l thick, simplex, compact, of closely woven, slender hyphae; gleba warm buff or lighter; cavities globose or polyhedral, half filled; septa 150-180 [l thick, hyaline, of closely woven slender hyphae, not scissile; basidia hyaline, 7-8 X 5-6 [X, pyriform, on pedicels about 90 ix long, 3-spored; sterigmata conical, 2 [x long ; spores hyaline in preserved mBterial, brown in dry material, spherical to ovoid, verrucose to reticulate, leaving a pore where detached from the sterigma, inclosed in a gelatinous sheath, 8-10 [x in diameter. Damp woods. New York. Summer. The peridium of this species appears to be variable in thickness, new cavities seeming to form in the inner layer as the fructification increases in size, with the hyphae next the basidia-bearing hyphae gelatinizing and finally disappearing. A study of young material is very desirable for further interpreting this phenomenon. Specimens examined: New York : Long Island, Cold Spring Harbor, A . F. Blakeslee, type (in Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.). EXTRA-LIMITAL SPECIES The following species of Leucogaster have not yet been noted from North America, but are included in order to assist in refer- ring material to them in case they should be found later, as m- dividual species in this family have wide ranges. [Vol. 11 402 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 1. Leucogaster liosporus Hesse, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 13: 190. 1882; Hypog. Deutschl. 1: 70-71. 1891; Saecardo, Syll Fung. 9: 281. 1891. — Octaviania silesiaca Becker, Die Natur 35: 356. 1886, fide Schroeter in Cohn, Kryptog.-Fl. von Schlesien 3^ : 710- 711. 1889. — Octaviania ? Gautieria ? pityophila Becker, Die Natur 35 : 356. 1886, fide Schroeter in Cohn, Kryptog.-Fl. von Schlesien 3': 710-711. 1889. Illustrations: Hesse, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 13:/. 1-6; Hypog. Deutschl. 1 : pi. 3. /. 14-15. Type: location unknown to us. Fructifications very irregular, variable in size, citron-yellow, odor none; fibrils free, branched, becoming 3 mm. thick at maturity; peridium thick, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick when fresh (teste Hesse), 100-140 [i. when preserved in alcohol, smooth, composed of thick yellowish hyphae; gleba white; cavities polygonal, larger at the center than at the peridium, filled at maturity; septa com- posed of long, thin hjrphae; basidia broadly clavate to subglobose; sterigmata very short; spores 12 (x in diameter, rough, surrounded by a gelatinojLis sheath. In birch woods. Central Europe. A specimen in the von Hoehnel Herbarium, 2605a, agrees with the description of this species, except that the cavities are elon- gated radially from the base, as Hesse has figured in one case for L. floccosus, and are not filled at maturity. The Leucophlebs stage of this specimen shows spores borne terminally on short branches of the cavity hyphae. These spores resemble basidio- spores but have smoother and thinner walls and small germ pores. The sporiferous branch of a cavity hypha usually remains at- tached to the spore. Sp ecimens examined : Austria: Reinberg bei Altenmarkt, Coronnathal, Fr. von Hoehnel, 2605a (in von Hoehnel Herb, at Farlow Herb., Harvard Univ.). 2. Leucogaster floccosus Hesse, Bot. Centralbl. 40 : 1-4, 33-36. 1889; Hypog. Deutschl. 1: 68-70. 1891; Saecardo, SyU. Fung. 9:281. 1891. Illustrations: Hesse, Bot. Centralbl. 40 : pi. 1, 2.f. 1-9; Hj-pog- 1924] ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 403 Deutschl. 1 : pi 3, f. 8-13; pi 5, /. 8; pi 7, f. 1-3; pi 8, f. 1-20; pi 9, f. 1-13. Type : location unknown to us. Fructifications irregular, variable in size, light yellow (Hesse), bay to auburn in alcohol; fibrils loose, round, black or nearly so; peridium with thick, flocculent concolorous patches, 120-150 jx thick, composed of small hyphae, outer ones colored to a depth of 10 [A, inner ones gelatinizing; gleba slightly darker, waxy in pre- served specimens; septa hyaline, 100-150 |x, composed of large, closely woven hyphae; basidia 2-3-spored, 7 X 12 (x; spores echinulate, 4 [i. in diameter, surrounded with a gelatinous sheath, making a total diameter of 7-10 [a. Hypogaeous in birch and oak woods, England and Germany. August and September. Specimens examined: Exsiccati: Rabenhorst, Fung. Eur. 38. England: Batheaston, C. E. Broome (in Rabenhorst, Fung. Eur., 38, under the name Hymenogasier citrinus Vitt., copy in Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.). Germany: Hesse-Nassau, Kirchain, R. Hesse, 1902 (in Farlow Herb, at Harvard Univ.). 3. Leucogaster Tozziana (Cavara & Saccardo) Mattirolo in litt., comb. nov. Endogone Tozziana Cavara & Saccardo, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. II. 7: 296. Jy. 1900; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 816-817. 1902.— Leucogaster sp. Baccarini, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. II. 10: 80. 1903; Thaxter, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., Proc. 57 : 326. 1922.— Leucogaster fragrans Mattirolo, Mal- pighia 14: 267. Dec. 1900; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16 : 249. 1902. Type: in Cavara Herb, and portion in Mattirolo Herb. ^ Fructifications irregular or gibbous, sulcate, 1-2.5 cm. in di- auieter, sulphur-colored, becoming vinaceous buff or darker in alcohol; odor of Tuber Borchii (Mattirolo); fibrils adherent to almost free, concolorous, sometimes surrounding the fructification, sometunes mostly on the under side; peridium 140-220 (x thick, simplex, composed of large, parallel, thin-walled hyphae, 4-7 n I Vol. 11 404 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN in diameter, forming a pseudoparenchyma ; gleba white, becom- ing Sayal brown in alcohol, cavities variable in size, polygonal; septa 40-60 [x thick, composed of pseudoparenchyma much as in the peridium; basidia clavate, 20 X 7 jx, disappearing early; sterigmata 2 [l long; spores globose, 12 \x in diameter, reticulate, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. In pine and fir forests. Italy. Specimens examined: Italy: Vallombrosa, 0. Mattirolo, Nov. 23, 1899, cotype of Leucogaster fragrans (in Mattirolo Herb, and portion in Thaxter Herb.) ; 0. Mattirolo, 1910 and undated specimen (in Lloyd Mus. unmunbered and 064) ; Nocciuolo sopra Vallombrosa, F. Cavara, type (preparation from Mattu'olo in Thaxter Herb.). 4. Leucogaster Bucholtzii Mattirolo, Malpighia 14: 267-268. 1900; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 249. 1902. Type: location unknown to us. Characters of L. Tozziana (Cav. & Sacc.) Matt, with aculeate, instead of reticulate, spores. In fir forests. Vallombrosa, Italy. Summer. There seems to be so httle in the original description to separate this species from L. Tozziana that we are inclined to regard it as a variety of this species, but reserve our decision until authentic material has been studied. It is possible that a careful com- parison of collections referable here would show all the variations between fructifications with reticulate spores and those with aculeate ones. 5. Leucogaster nudus (Hazslinszky) Holl6s, Mus. Nat. Hun- garici, Ann. 6: 319. 1908; Magyarorszag Foldalatti Gombai 98, 208. 1911 (excl. syn.). — Hydnangium nudum Hazslinszky, K. K. Zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, Verhandl. 25: 64-65. 1875; Mag>^ar Tudomdnyos Akad. Termeszettud. Kozl. 13: (9). 1875 (often cited as Magyarhon hasgombai, 9. 1876); Hedwigia 16: 44. 1877; Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 11: 172. 1895. Illustrations: Hazslinszky, K. K. Zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien,, Ver- handl. 25: yl 3; Holl6s, Magyarorszdg Foldalatti Gombai pZ. 5, /• 54, 35, pi 5, f. 33. 1924] ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 405 F Type: in Magyar Nemzeti Museum in Budapest (fide A. de Degen in litt.) not seen. Fructifications globose to irregular by the coalescence of several fructifications, smooth with surface foveolate, 1-5 cm. in diam- eter, yellowish white, becoming fuscous; peridium thin, at first white and glistening, then ochroleucous, gelatinous to waxy; cavities subglobose to polyhedral, larger in the center of the fruc- tification, filled at first, becoming empty; basidia pyriform, 4- spored, not in a distinct layer; spores sessile, spherical, ochraceous, blunt echinulate with thick yellow reticulations, gelatinous sheath smooth, 16-18 tJL in diameter. Under Picea, Bartfeld, Czechoslovakia. August. From a study of Hazslinszky's material, Holl6s thought L. lio- sporus was a synonym of this species. He did not see any of Hesse's material of L. liosporus, and we prefer to recognize both names until we have seen authentic material of both. The above description is a condensation of a translation from Hollos and should be used with caution, as Hollos seems to have conflated a description based on Hazslinszky's material with Hesse's descrip- tion of L. liosporus. From the above description the present species seems more closely related to Leucophlehs Candida Harkn. LEUCOPHLEBS 1 Leucophleps Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. 1 : 257- 259. 1899; Fischer in Engler & Prantl, Die Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 1**: 557. 1900; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 251-252. 1902.~Leucophlebs Roumegu^re, Rev. Myc. 22: 83. 1900. The type species of the genus is considered to be Leucophlehs ^agnata Harkness. Harkness did not definitely designate the type species but he probably had in mind L. magnata, for that species is followed by ''gen. nov. et sp. nov.," while the other species which he included in the genus are followed by ^'sp. nov." only. The international rules do not cover this case, but canons 14 and 15 of the "American" code^ and article 7g of the recom- • Spelling corrected by Roumegu^re, Rev. Myc. 22: 83. 1900, in accordance With international rules. ' Nomenclature Commission of the Botanical Club of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. American code of botanical nomenclature. Torr. Sot. Club Bull. 34: 167-178. 1907 (see p. 172-173). i 4Ub ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN mendations of the Committee on Nomenclature of the Botanical Society of America^ both point to the adoption of this species as the type of this genus. Fructifications globose to irregular, hypogaeous; columella, stipe, or sterile base none; peridium usually thin and fragile, simplex, white; gleba white or slightly yellowish; cavities filled with hyphae bearing spores terminally on short branches; septa thin, homogeneous ; spores echinate or reticulate at maturity, sur- rounded by a gelatinous sheath, globose, resembling those of Leucogaster. From our study of the young stages of Leucogaster floccosus Hesse (p. 390), it seems probable that eventually Leucophlehs will be recognized as the chlamydosporic condition of Leucogaster, or retained as a hypogaeous genus of the Fungi Imperfecti. 1. Leucophlebs magnata Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci, Proc. Bot. III. 1: 257-258. 1899; Roumeguere, Rev. Myc. 22: 83. 1900; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16 : 252. 1902. Illustrations: Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. III. l:pl 4^- /. 7a-7c; Rev. Myc. 22 : pi 204. /. 6-8. Type : cotype in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Fructification 3 cm. in diameter, subglobose or elongate, white, smooth; peridium 120-150 [j, thick, composed of fine, thick-walled, closely woven hyphae, white ; gleba white, the freshly cut surface showing a blue tint which soon vanishes; cavities decreasing in size toward the surface, full of cobwebby hyphae like a capil- litium; septa thin, homogeneous, 60-80 t^. thick, composed of closely woven, hyahne hyphae; spores borne terminally on long slender branches of the cavity hyphae, hyaline, spherical, echin- ate, enclosed m a gelatinous sheath, 13 [jl in diameter. Under A cer and Quercus. Oregon to California. April and May. In Harkness, 100b, crystalline matter is found in the peridium and in Harkness, 154b, the spores become quite thick-walled. The spines on the spores are arranged in rows, giving the appear- ance shown by Harkness {I.e., f. 7c) when not quite in focus. Specimens examined: 1 Committee on Nomenclature of the Botanical Society of America. Report. Bot. Soc. Am. Publ. 73: 70-71. 1919 (see p. 71). 1924] ZELLER & DODGE — LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS 407 Oregon: Corvallis, L. M. Boozer (in Oregon Agr. Coll. Herb. 4831, 4832, and Zeller Herb. 2323, 2324, and in Dodge Herb. 2073, 2074) . California : H, W. Harkness, lOOh, 154b; Napa County, Calistoga, H. W. Harkness, 15 4, cotype (all in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ.). 2. Leucophlebs Candida Harkness, Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. Bot. HI. 1: 258. 1899; Roumeguere, Rev. Myc. 22: 83. 1900; Saccardo & Sydow in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16 : 252. 1902. Type: cotype in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Fructifications 2 cm. in diameter, irregular, white, surface studded with shallow depressions; peridium 15-20 [x thick, homo- geneous with the septa; gleba white, becoming yellowish in al- cohol; cavities filled with branched hyphae which bear spores terminally on the branches; septa thin; spores hyaline, spherical, reticulate at maturity, enclosed in a gelatinous sheath, 8 (x in diameter. California. June. The cotype of this species is so badly parasitized that its struc- ture is very difficult to make out. Specimens examined: California : Marin County, Mill Valley, H. W. Harkness, 207, cotype (in Dudley Herb, at Leland Stanford Jr. Univ.). • 3. Hydnangium liospermum Tulasne, Fung. Hypog. 76. 1851 ; DeToni in Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 176. 1888; Hesse, Hypog. Deutschl. 1 : 84. 1891.— Octowanm Uosperma Lloyd, Myc. Notes 67; 1141. 1923. Illustrations: Tulasne, Fung. Hypog. pi 21. f. 1. Type: location unknown to us. Fructification small (size of a pea), firm, globose, white, with a slight, sterile base, here and there enveloped in a white floccose mycelium separating in places; peridium thick, homogeneous, not separable, white, continuous with the septa; gleba firm, light ochraceous to apricot color; cavities unequal oblong, radiating from the center to the periphery; septa mucous- cartilaginous, gray, hyaline by transmitted light, variable in m size, narrow- [Vol. 11, 1924] 408 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN thickness, some arising from the base much thicker than others, homogeneous, of large, closely woven hyphae; spores borne ter- minally, mostly on 2-celled branches, globose, small, 6.5 (x in diameter, smooth, thick-walled. Under fallen leaves in oak woods, almost epigaeous. Not far from Orleans (Pare de Beau voir near Brivodurum). Autumn. Hesse referred here a specimen in the Danziger Museum col- lected by Bail in Kreis Schwetz near Teufelsstein, October, 1878. From the above description it seems quite likely that this species is to be referred to Leucophlebs, where the small spores, yellow gleba, radiating elongated cavities, and rudimentary columella should serve to distinguish it from other members of this genus. However, we prefer not to make the transfer until we have the opportunity to study authentic material. [Vol. 11. 1924] 410 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Explanation of Plate PLATE 11 Fig. 1. Letccogaster Tuhescens Zeller & Dodge. a. Section of peridium and septa showing pseudoparenchyma of the perid- ium, sections of fibrils on the surface, and the 4-spored basidia. Young material, X 150. b. Young and mature basidium and spores, X 500, c. Basidiospore showing the echino-reticulate character of the surface with gelatinous sheath, X 750. Fig. 2. Leucogaster araneostcs Zeller & Dodge. a. Section of fibrous i)eridium and relation of septa showing the 4-spored basidia. Yoimg material, X 150. b. Basidia, X 500. c. Basidiospore showing the alveolate-reticulate character of the surface, with blunt spines projecting from the angles of the alveoli and gelatinous sheath, X 1000. Fig. 3. Leucogaster luteomaculatus Zeller & Dodge. a. Section showing the duplex character of the peridium (the outer partly sloughed off), the scissile septum and basidia, X 150. b. Basidia, X 500. c. Basidiospore showing the verrucose character of the surface with gelatmous sheath, X 1000. Fig. 4. Leucogaster fulvimaculosus Zeller & Dodge. a. Section showing the thick peridixun, wath portion of fibril on surface, septa, definite layer of basidial stalks embedded in a gelatinous layer within the cavities and the basidiospores lining the cavities, X 150. b. Basidia showing the typical 3-spored tips, X 500. c. Basidiospore showing the simple reticulate surface with gelatinous sheath, X750. Fig. 5. Basidiospore of Leucogaster odaratu^ (Harkn.) Zeller & Dodge, X 750. Fig. 6. Basidiospore of Leucogaster foveolatiis (Harkn.) Zeller & Dodge, X 750. Fig, 7. Basidiospores of Leucogaster citrinus (Harkn.) Zeller & Dodge, a. Mature spore, X 750* b. Young spore, X 750. Fig. 8. Basidiospore of Leucogaster anomalus (Peck) Zeller & Dodge, showing the pitted surface, X 750. Fig. 9. Basidiospore of Leucogaster badius Matt, showing the pitted surface, X 750, Fig. 10. Basidiospore of Leucogaster floccosus Hesse, showing the echinulate- reticulate character of the exospore and thick gelatinous sheath, X 750- Fig. 10a. The conidia from young cavities of Leucogaster floccosus. This conioia* stage cannot be distinguished from Leucophlebs Harkness, X 500. Fig. 11. Basidiospore of Leucogaster Tozziana (Cav. & Sacc.) Matt., X 750. ^^ Fig. 12. Conidium of Leucophlebs magnata Harkn. showing the peculiar mar - ings in median view, X 750. Fig. 12a. Shows the conidia and conidiophores of L. magnata^ X 500. Fig. 13. Conidia and conidiophores of Leucophlebs Candida Harkn., X 500- Ann. Mo. Bot. Gakd., Vol. 11, 1924 Plate 11 ZELLER AND DODGE -LEUCOGASTER AND LEUCOPHLEBS VARIATION AND CORRELATION IN THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA J. ARTHUR HARRIS Minnesota Formerly Botanical Assistant, Missouri Botanical Garden I. Introduction The purpose of this paper, which is one of a series on the general problem of the physiology of fertility in plants, is to present the results of a biometric study of variation and correlation in the inflorescences of Manfreda virginica. This study was planned, the materials collected, and practically all the tabulations made at the Missouri Botanical Garden in 1906 and 1907.1 The calculations were, in large part, carried out in the Biometric Laboratory at University College, London, in 1908. The long delay in completing the manuscript for publication has been in part due to pressure of other work and in part to an effort to secure formulae to deal more effectively with certain phases of the problem. The ooints to be esoeciallv considered are :— 1. The variability and correlation of the same species when growing in different habitats. 2. The correlation between the number of flowers produced and the number of capsules developing, and between the number of flowers and capsules produced and the number of seeds developing. 3. The relationship between position of the flower on the inflor- escence and fruit production. 4. The correlation between position of the flower on the in- florescence and the number of seeds per locule and per fruit. . 5. The correlation between the position of the fruit on the inflorescence and the number of seeds per locule and per fruit. 6. The correlation between the number of seeds in the 3 loc- ules of the fruit. \ The initial stages of the work were aided by a grant from the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gabd., Vol. 11. 1924 (411) 412 I Vol. 11 GARDEN II. Materials The inflorescence of M. virginica is a favorable subject for work on the problem of fertility. Since all the flowers are arranged on a single axis, it is easy to consider the influence of position on the inflorescence upon the chances of development of the fruit and upon the characteristics of the matured fruit. The flowers which fail to produce fruits leave a conspicuous scar, so that the number of flowers produced may be accurately determined. The ripened 4 seeds have a fine black color and are easily counted. Unfor- tunately it is impossible to determine the number of ovules formed. The trimerous nature of the fruit makes possible the consideration of certain problems concerning the interrelationship of numbers of seeds per locule. Collections of material were taken from 2 different localities. The first was the more open woods at Meramec Highlands, near St. Louis. The second was the edge of the limestone cliffs along the Mississippi River, south of Jefferson Barracks, Mo. In the absence of quantitative criteria no attempt will be made to distinguish in any precise way between the conditions for plant growth in these 2 habitats. The general impression conveyed by an examination of the two habitats was that growth at Mera- mec Highlands was much more luxuriant than that on the crests of the cliffs south of Jefferson Barracks. The countings made comprise the following 1. Number of flowers per inflorescence (/). 2. Number of capsules matured per inflorescence (c). 3. The actual position of the capsule on the inflorescence (?)• This is the position of the flower measured from the proximal end of the inflorescence. Thus the position of the first flower is 1, while that of the terminal flower is measured by the number of flowers produced on the inflorescences. 4. Relative position of the capsule (r). This measures the position of the individual capsule in the series produced by an inflorescence. Thus the relative position of the lowermost capsule will be 1, whatever the position of the flower which produced it, while that of the most distal capsule will be the same as the number of capsules produced by the mflorescence in question. ,1924] HARRIS IHE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGTNICA 413 5. Number of seeds per locule (s). The symbols in parentheses are those used to designate the several characters in the formulae. The heavy work of counting the number of seeds per locule was carried out in only 1100 inflorescences or 18774 locules. Number of flowers and number of capsules was determined in a larger number of inflorescences, 3425 in all. For convenience of reference the series of material are desig- nated as follows : — I. Three hundred inflorescences, Meramec Highlands, 1906. Seeds counted. II. Two hundred fifty inflorescences, below Jefferson Bar- racks, 1906. Seeds counted. III. One thousand inflorescences, below Jefferson Barracks, 1906. Flowers and fruits only counted. IV. Three hundred inflorescences, Meramec Highlands, 1907. Seeds counted. V. Three hundred five inflorescences, Meramec Highlands, 1907. Flowers and fruits only counted. VI. Two hundred fifty inflorescences, below Jefferson Bar- racks, 1907. Seeds counted. VII. One thousand twenty inflorescences, below Jefferson Barracks, 1907. Flowers and fruits only counted. In studies involving only the number of flowers and number of fruits per inflorescence series II and III can be treated together; series IV can be combined with series V; and series VI added to series VII for the purpose of securing larger and smoother dis- tributions. In respect to these characters series IV and V and series VI and VII should show only the differences due to random sampling, since practically all the material for each of the pairs was taken at one time and a subsample was drawn at random for the seed countings. The lot of material from the Jefferson Bai*racks locality for 1907 IS not strictly comparable with that for 1906 in one respect. The plants from which the countings of the number of seeds per locule Were made in 1906 were collected all along the bluffs from Jef- ferson Barracks to a point above Cliff Cave. In 1 907 the material from which the countings of seed number were made was taken 414 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN TABLE I FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE WITH TOTAL NUMBER OF FRUITS AND SEEDS PRODUCED BY EACH CLASS OF INFLORESCENCE IN 4 SERIES IN WHICH NUMBER OF SEEDS PER LOCULE WAS DETERMINED Flowers f J 1 J. B. 1906 J. B. 1907 M. H. : 1906 M. H. : L607 ^^k 4> %^ w ■ ^^ ^b ^v« Fruits Seeds f Fruita Seeds f Fruits Seeds f Fruits Seeds 2 1 47 1 1 , 6 1 2 58 1 _ 7 1 4 148 1 1 1 43 8 1 1 — -.« 1 2 73 9 1 X 1 2 67 1 1 2 82 1 1 27 10 1 i 1 7 85 ^-^ 11 2 6 193 1 1 7 66 12 3 8 220 1 1 1 3 154 _■ 13 1 2 56 2 4 138 2 6 163 4 13 291 14 7 1 20 593 1 5 13 452 2 5 147 -.— , — 15 8 21 664 2 6 323 1 4 156 6 21 769 16 9 29 960 6 24 807 2 7 221 7 21 917 17 15 37 1141 11 50 1681 4 14 658 6 21 778 18 12 43 1335 12 39 1511 6 26 1152 10 39 1640 19 17 60 1435 6 26 941 8 35 1505 16 59 2552 20 15 64 1676 11 43 1400 10 40 1452 12 1 47 1557 21 25 104 2764 6 24 686 14 69 2441 1 11 50 2012 22 18 1 79 2291 14 65 2389 10 42 1559 19 79 3279 23 12 51 1196 18 93 2918 7 36 1443 4 15 655 24 8 J 33 1077 14 68 2118 12 65 2612 13 73 2765 25 14 60 2003 15 82 2320 13 75 3071 15 79 2752 26 9 1 53 1469 11 62 2152 15 88 3722 16 86 3413 27 11 45 1654 14 74 2320 18 124 5353 16 83 2799 28 6 23 462 7 33 1067 17 103 4365 14 78 3339 29 7 37 878 5 30 1038 11 57 2399 13 80 2829 30 6 1 30 1234 7 44 1440 13 90 3819 9 60 2175 - — ^ _^^k 31 1 4 147 6 30 1026 18 128 5109 14 94 2942 32 6 37 1570 8 54 1852 6 42 1840 14 84 3419 33 4 22 767 9 61 1890 16 129 5237 7 47 1621 ^-b. .^i^ .^^ J'^^ 34 6 1 44 1628 9 65 2059 12 114 5059 13 92 3932 35 4 _ 1 26 1084 12 77 2640 17 127 4510 10 83 3426 36 6 39 1584 5 28 938 9 73 2859 6 48 1536 37 o 16 462 6 51 1310 7 57 2343 6 47 1854 38 4 27 894 2 18 762 3 20 891 4 33 1292 39 1 7 263 4 28 903 5 41 1556 5 55 2152 40 1 8 345 3 17 607 6 50 2436 5 44 1715 41 1 10 227 3 25 684 3 31 1183 4 32 1134 42 1 11 355 3 25 938 7 70 3027 3 27 906 ^ -^ H n 43 2 17 662 2 31 828 1 9 360 3 28 1113 44 — 3 17 609 2 13 510 4 32 1592 45 1 10 222 3 30 692 5 55 2345 1 8 428 46 — 3 32 1318 3 33 1251 1 13 453 47 1 16 454 1 10 356 1 9 256 — - - ~^ 48 • — . 5 47 2028 1 1 1 ^ ^ ^ 49 . [ 1 7 337 1 — 50 1 12 326 — j^^ 51 ^— . — — • ^■^ ^^^ X,^ 1 2 22 1188 52 __ — - 1 1 ! __ — 63 — , 1 12 388 1 13 465 54 — ■ — ^ 3 41 2150 55 1 — 1 L 1 1 1 2 28 1178 ^— 60 61 1 1 1 — }■ 1 6 - 195 1 2 20 __655_ 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 415 entirely from the vicinity of Cliff Cave. The 1000 stalks taken in 1906 for countings of flowers and fruits only and the entire series of 1270 inflorescences taken in 1907 are therefore directly comparable as samples of the same species from the same locality for 2 years. III. Presentation and Analysis of Data 1. TYPE AND VARIATION IN DIFFERENT HABITATS In this section we have to consider the frequency distributions of number of flowers and fruits per inflorescence, and the number of seeds matured per locule and per fruit. In doing this we shall hope to replace the impression of chaotic disorder which must be the result of mere inspection in the field by a definite mental picture of the orderliness which prevails in the frequencies of the numbers of flowers and fruits, in the position of insertion of the fruits, and in the number of seeds per locule and per fruit. The frequency distribution of number of flowers per inflores- cence in the 4 series in which the number of seeds was determined is shown in table i.^ For the 3 other series, in which flowers and fruits only were counted, the reader must consult table ii. Because of the wide range of variation in number of flowers per inflorescence, very irregular graphs are obtained if the ungrouped frequencies are plotted. Grouping in classes of 3-units range and reducing to percentage frequencies we have the distributions for the two habitats represented in fig. 1 for 1906 and m fig. 2 for 1907. In 1906 the results for Meramec Highlands (N = 300) and Jefferson Barracks (N = 1250) are not in good agreement. The distribution for Meramec Highlands is particularly irregular, but this is doubtless due in large part to the fact that this series comprises only 300 inflorescences— less than one quarter the number from Jefferson Barracks. In 1907 the - distributions represent 605 inflorescences for Meramec Highlands and 1270 for Jefferson Barracks, and are in much closer agreement. ^The frequencies of inflorescences with varying numbers of flowers are alone required here. The total fruits and total seeds which are also given will be used ^or the determination of correlations in a subsequent section. ^ Fig. 1. Percentage frequency distribution of number of flowers per inflorescence in 2 habitats in 1906. Circles = Meramec Highlands, Oi > o o o !25 solid dots Jefferson Barracks. o CO »4^ Fig. 2. Percentage frequency diBtribution of number of flowers per inflorescence in 2 habitats in 1907. Circles = Meramec Highlands, solid dots = Jefferson Barraclcs. OQ O O •=1 ft) :z! n M 418 [Vol. U ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN « TABLF. II FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE AND TOTAL NUMBER OF FRUITS ON EACH CLASS OF INFLORESCENCE IN 3 SERIES IN WHICH FLOWERS AND FRUITS ONLY WERE COUNTED Flowers J. B. 1906 J. B. 1907 M. H. 1907 f Fruits f Fi uits r f Fruits 4 1 2 -J _ 6 1 2 ^^^ 7 2 4 2 5 ^_ -^« 8 1 2 _-* 9 1 1 4 11 1 2 10 1 2 2 2 _«« 11 5 13 4 12 2 6 12 3 8 9 26 2 4 13 11 31 18 60 2 6 14 14 39 19 70 5 15 15 17 49 15 51 6 15 16 42 140 30 116 8 34 17 43 160 22 87 6 20 18 49 190 26 108 15 56 19 53 209 39 167 7 33 20 51 208 39 170 10 47 21 54 239 37 162 12 48 22 59 262 66 340 16 7S 23 54 258 52 246 5 28 24 64 327 43 227 17 86 25 58 312 46 276 14 72 26 58 364 30 , 172 1 18 105 27 78 415 40 248 7 39 2S 36 226 46 285 13 72 29 36 260 43 296 10 51 30 33 219 31 212 10 69 31 1 24 180 36 302 14 94 32 23 156 30 218 10 66 33 17 111 41 290 11 71 34 19 146 25 204 16 106 35 16 117 23 184 6 46 36 15 111 27 236 6 42 37 9 69 23 190 7 48 38 10 99 16 146 10 75 39 9 87 22 196 5 42 40 6 48 11 99 7 69 41 5 48 13 131 6 52 42 4 36 15 137 2 22 43 3 31 10 115 4 35 44 2 9 11 113 2 22 45 3 32 12 131 4 21 46 5 54 9 92 1 18 . 47 — .._ 4 50 2 21 48 2 23 7 100 3 44 49 — 3 43 3 36 50 2 23 3 31 — . ■ — 51 2 32 3 34 , — 52 — .^^ 4 46 . ^^ rf^ 53 — *«- 2 22 1 20 54 1 11 1 1 1 14 — - — 56 - - 1 1 12 - — — 57 1 19 — - — 58 — . — — 59 — • -^ ~1 9 1 1 13 66 - 1 - 1 27 — 1 ___I^ 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE TABLE III STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOR NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE Series N Mean Meramec Highlands 1906 (I) Standard deviation Coefficient of variation 300 29.9467±.3304 Meramec Highlands 1907 ,,(1V) I 300] 27.6100±.3294 Meramec Highlands 1907 (V) Meramec Highlands 1907 CIV) + (V) Jeff ei son Barracks 1906 305 605 250 28.2721 ±.3441 1000 1250 250 1020 27.9438db.2384 23.4760±.3196 (H) Jefferson Barracks 1906 , (HI) Jefferson Barracks 1906 (n) + (IIl) Jefferson Barracks 1907 , (VI) Jefferson Barracks 1907 ,(yii) Jefferson Barracks 1907 (VI) + (VII) Il270l 27.5346zfc.l70S 24.7480it.l502 24.4936±.1365 27.2360±.3519 27.6078±:i943 8.4859±.2337 8.4592 ±.2330 8. 9098 ±.2433 8.6956 ±.1686 7.4929 ±.2260 7.0461 ±.1062 28.3367 ±0.8406 30.6381 ±0.9195 31.5144±0.9422 31.1181 ±0.6592 31.9172±1.0561 28.4716 ±0.4628 7.1558±.0965 29.2148±0.4260 8.2479±.2488 9.2020±.1373 30.2832±0.9935 33.3312±0.5500 9.0234±.1207 32.7711 ±0.4832 Fig. 3. Percentage frequency distribution of number of fruits per inflorescenct 2 habitats in 1906. Circles = Meramec Highlands, solid dots = Jefferson Barracks to Fig. 4, Percentage frequency distribution of number of fruits per inflorescence in 2 habitats in 1907. Circles = Mera- mec Highlands, solid dots = Jeffereon Barracks. en O CO CO O td O :2J > a o 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIEGINICA 421 The fundamental variation constants, means, standard devi- ations and coefficients of variation of number of flowers per inflorescence in the several series of materials appear in table in. These will be discussed in comparison with those for number of fruits per inflorescence. The frequency distribution of number of fruits per inflorescence in the 7 series of materials is shown in table iv. Series I, II + III, IV 4- V, and VI + VII have been reduced to percentage frequencies and are represented graphically in fig. 3 for 1906 and fig. 4 for 1907. With the exception of the Meramec Highlands series for 1906, in which the number of observations is only 300, the frequencies TABLE IV J FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF NUMBER OF FRUITS PER INFLORESCENCE IN 7 SERIES AND TOTAL SEEDS PRODUCED ON EACH CLASS OP INFLO- RESCENCE IN 4 SERIES IN WHICH NUMBER OF SEEDS WAS DETER- MINED J. B . 1906 J. B . 1907 M. H. 1906 M. H. 1907 Series Series Series Fruits m II VI I IV III VII V f ■t Seeds f Seeds f Seeds f Seeds f f f ^-p^» p ^^_ 5 1 14 428 6 171 1 17 7 348 15 10 4 2 68 2427 28 957 20 985 24 991 82 61 15 3 165 5317 111 4367 69 3033 120 5138 145 105 37 4 184 5807 172 5682 144 5941 208 8521 179 149 50 5 155 4834 210 7198 225 9183 180 7399 183 152 46 6 126 4130 210 7128 282 12503 264 9620 129 141 35 7 105 2974 196 6184 183 7565 231 8067 96 96 35 8 96 3282 112 3255 272 10818 200 7229 55 80 22 9 54 1341 90 2525 234 9317 171 6727 44 59 18 10 SO 2060 70 2497 150 6612 100 3616 28 61 8 11 33 991 66 2115 165 6658 44 1505 20 34 12 12 24 666 48 1329 132 4960 108 4239 10 22 5 13 1 1 26 685 65 2605 52 2028 5 22 4 14 14 579 28 1087 28 1126 2 11 3 15 _ 1 1 .—. 15 621 _ — 4 9 16 16 454 16 328 16 641 ^— — • 1 8 — 17 '— -. „„ , 16 781 — 4 1 18 ■ 1, 18 398 — 1 2 19 ^^^m _ - —— 3 1 20 _ _^ _ -1- __ — 1 21 1 1 - 1 — • 22 1 ^^■^^^ - 1 — 23 1 ■ 1 * 1 1 _, 1 24 1 1 1 !■ — — _. — 25 1 1 _ _ — 26 ^ 1 — ^- 1 — 27 y — 1 — 1 — \ 422 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 form very smooth distributions. In all, a conspicuous skewness, a tendency to tail off in the direction of the larger number of fruits, is a characteristic feature. The physical constants for number of fruits per inflorescence are shown for all the series in table v. The first question concerning the statistical constants of both flowers and fruits which requires consideration is that of the dif- ference between the means of the series for the different years in the same habitat and for the different habitats. The comparisons may be based upon the combination series in so far as these are TABLE V STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOR NUMBER OP FRUITS PER INFLORESCENCE Series Meramec Highlands 1906 (I) Meramec Highlands 1907 (IV) Meramec Highlands 1907 (V) Meramec Highlands 1907 (IV)+(V) Jefferson Barracks, 1906 Standard deviation Coefficient of variation (11) Jefferson Barracks 1906 (HI) Jefferson Barracks 1906 (1I) + (III) Jefferson Barracks 1907 (VI) Jefferson Barracks 1907 (VH) Jefferson Barracks 1907 (V1) + (VII) ri270 300 305 605 260 6.7233±.1134 2.9109±.0802 1000 1250 250 1020 5.7900±.1073 6.0623 ±.1297 5.9273 ±.0843 4.4800±.1076 5.3610±.1143 5. 1848 ±.0500 5.5680±.1156 6.4059 ±.0701 6.2409±.0611 2.7554 ±.0759 3.3593±.0917 3.0777±.0596 2.5222 ±.0761 2.6162±.0808 2.6215 ±.0353 2.7095±.0817 3.3237±.0496 43.295S±1.398G 47.5900 ±1.5798 55.4123 ±1.9226 51.9247±1.2490 56.2995 ±2.1704 48.8012 ±0.8941 50.5611 ±0.8378 48.6619 ±1.7815 51. 8852 ±0.9608 3.2293±.0432 1 51.7442 ±0-8579 TABLE VI COMPARISON OP THE STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOR THE 2 DIFFERENT YEARS FOR PLANTS GROWING IN THE SAME HABITAT Difference 1906 less 1907 Meramec Highlands Flowers Fruits Jefferson Barracks Flowers Fruits Mean Standard deviation +2.0029±.4074 +0.7960±.1413 — 0.2097±.2882 —0.1668 ±.0999 .0410±.2186 1.0561=t.0790 — 1.8676±.1545 — 0.6078db.0558 Coefficient of variation 2.7814±1.0682 .6289±1.8747 .5563±0.6442 1.1831±11991 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 423 t available. Thus in comparing the results for the 2 years in the same habitat we may determine the differences between the means for series I and series IV + V for Meramec Highlands and for series II + III and series VI + VII for Jefferson Barracks. The differences for the two years are given in table vi, which shows that the average number of flowers and fruits is slightly, but sig- nificantly, higher at Meramec Highlands in 1906 than in 1907, whereas the reverse is true at Jefferson Barracks. The varia- bilities, both absolute (S. D.) and relative (C. V.) are higher for both flowers and fruits in both habitats in 1907 than in 1906. We now have to consider the difference in the inflorescsence produced in the 2 habitats in the same year. The differences may be taken (Meramec Highlands) less (Jefferson Barracks). The differences in table vii are obtained by comparing the results for series I (Meramec Highlands) and series II + III (Jefferson Barracks) for 1906, and for series IV + V (Meramec Highlands) and series VI + VII (Jefferson Barracks) for 1907. The differences in this table show that in both years the niunber TABLE VII COMPARISON OF THE STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOE PLANTS GROWING IN THE DIFFERENT HABITATS IN THE SAME YEAR Difference 1906 Flowers Fruits. , 1907 Flowers Fruits . Standard deviation +1.3301 ±.2628 +0.2894±.0876 Coefficient of variation 3.8781 ±0.9424 7. 2653 ±1.6298 +C.4092±.2933 — 0.3136±.1041 -0.3278 ±.2074 -0.1516 ±.0736 1.6530±0.8173 +0.1805 ±1.5153 of flowers Meramec Highlands than Jefferson Barracks. The difference in 1907 is, however, insignificant. The number of fruits is slightly higher at Meramec Highlands in 1906 but slightly lower in 1 907 The results of this comparison show that the differences between the 2 habitats either nil or much smaller than would have been anticipated from a mere m- spection of the 2 habitats. We now turn to the question of relative values of the constants for number of flowers and number of fruits per mflorescence [Vol. 11 424 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Comparing the mean number of flowers and fruits as given in tables III and v, we note that the average flower number ranges from 23.5 to 29.9, whereas the mean number of fruits range from 4.5 to 6.7. Thus only about 20 per cent of the flowers develop into fruits. We also require some measure of the relative fruit production of the several series. For this purpose we may naake use of the coefficient of fecundity (Harris, '10), i. e., the ratio c/f.^ The coefficients are given in table viii, which shows that about 22 per cent of the flowers develop into fruits. The probable errors are low, and the differences between the several series are TABLE Vlll COEFFICIENTS OF FECUNDITY IN THE 4 SERIES Series Meramec Highlands 1906 Meramec Highlands 1907 Jefferson Barracks 1906 . . Jefferson Barracks 1907 . . Number of inflorescences 300 605 1250 1270 Coefficient of fecundity .2245 ±.0030 .2121 ±.0021 .2117±.0016 ,2267±.0015 possibly significant in comparison with their probable errors. The actual magnitude of the differences is, however, very small, being .0124 ± .004 for the 2 Meramec Hiehlands 002 for the 2 Jefferson Barracks series. .0128 i .003 for the series from the 2 habitats m 1906, and .0146 ± .003 for the series from the 2 habitats in 1 907. The standard deviations as given in tables iii and v for number of flowers range from 7.0 to 9.2, whereas those for number of fruits vary from 2.5 to 3.4 in the several series. The signifi- cance of the differences between the several lots of material has been discussed above. The absolute variability (standard devi- ation) of number of fruits per inflorescence is much smaller than that for nmnber of flowers per inflorescence. In general the fruits are about one-third the comparable values for the flowers. » The probable error of C. F., the coefficient of fecundity, is given by •67449 Vc Xil-c/f) //. 1924 J HAEEIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 425 The great difference in the mean number of flowers and fruits renders a discussion of the comparison of variability impossible except on the basis of constants involving correction for mean numbers. These constants are afforded by the coefficients of variation which show that the variation for number of fruits per inflorescence is regularly higher than that for number of flowers per inflorescence. The coefiicients of variation for number of r ^^ flowers range from 28.3 to 33.3, whereas those for number of fruits range from 43.3 to 56.3. This result for relative variability in flower and fruit number is substantiated by results for Crinum longifolium and Celastrus scandens, but not for Staphylea trifolia. The actual coefficients are as follows : Flowers Crinum longifolium (Harris, 1912 a) Celastrus scandens (Harris, 1909) . . . Staphylea trifolia (Harris, 1909 a) . . 22.80-24.32 26.80 64.44 Fruits 31.73-33.70 48.58 53.04 In a series of inflorescences of varying numbers of flowers per inflorescence the distribution of the position of the flowers on the inflorescence must be considered in relation to the number of flowers in each position, the ovaries of which might have developed into capsules. Table ix shows the number of flowers formed and the number of capsules matured in the various positions on the mflorescence for 3 of the series of data.^ From these data the percentage fre- quencies of numbers of capsules matured in each position on the inflorescence have been derived and are represented in fig. 5. The higher positions, of course, occur only on the larger inflores- cences. In any sample which it is practicable to secure, the numbers of flowers and fruits in the more distal positions are so small that percentages calculated upon them are very irregular. Only percentages based upon at least 100 flo^v;fers have been in- cluded in the diagram. ' The reader who cares to do so may determine the number of flowers and number of fruits for the 3 series of inflorescences in which number of flowers and number of table IX. determined Fig. 5 Percentage frequencies of flowers which develop into fruits in various positions on the inflorescence. Circles and solid lines to O ^ CO o a! <1 o r eramec 1906 1907. 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 427 The 3 series of countings represented in the diagrams show es- sential agreement in that the relative number of capsules develop- ing in the most proximal position is low. It increases rapidly to a maximum on about the sixth position. It then declines rapidly to about 17 per cent in the twentieth position, after which it remains about the same throughout the remainder of the inflores- cence.^ ^ TABLE IX NUMBER OF FLOWERS AND FRUITS PRODUCED AT VARIOUS POSITIONS ON THE INFLORESCENCE IN 3 SERIES IN WHICH : FLOWERS AND FRUITS ONLY WERE COUNTED P J. B. 1906 J. B. 1907 M. H . 1907 1 1 P 34 J.B. 1906 J.B. 1907 M.H.1907 Fl. 1 1250 Fr. 233 Fl. Fr. 251 Fl. Fr. Fl. 143 Fr. 22 Fl. 308 Fr. 53 Fl. Fr. 1 1270 605 100 155 23 2 1250 297 1270 287 605 108 35 119 12 274 40 126 22 3 1249 340 , 1270 351 605 102 36 99 18 239 31 110 21 4 1 1249 362 1270 356 605 152 37 78 12 207 40 99 13 5 1248 364 1270 379 605 141 38 67 15 178 26 86 15 6 1248 354 1270 422 605 169 39 53 12 160 23 72 13 7 1247 351 1269 409 605 163 40 43 6 134 21 62 12 8 1244 348 1267 395 604 172 41 36 5 120 16 50 10 9 1244 320 1266 378 603 159 42 30 8 104 22 40 10 10 1242 294 1262 339 601 148 43 25 6 86 18 35 7 11 1241 256 1259 361 601 139 44 20 5 74 12 28 9 12 1234 285 1255 321 598 130 45 18 1 60 12 21 5 13 1228 255 1246 297 596 128 46 14 3 44 4 18 5 14 1216 240 1226 288 590 134 47 9 — 33 5 15 ^. 1 2 15 1195 229 1202 259 585 140 48 8 1 28 5 13 3 16 1170 198 1185 223 573 116 49 6 ^^^^^^ 21 2 - 1 10 2 17 1119 197 1149 210 558 122 50 6 18 2 I ' ^ 18 1061 167 1116 189 547 106 51 3 15 2 7 1 19 1000 159 1078 177 522 91 52 1 12 1 5 3 20 930 134 1033 190 499 96 53 1 1 8 . 5 — 21 864 116 985 176 477 92 54 1 6 1 3 22 785 124 939 173 454 80 55 5 3 23 708 116 861 162 419 71 56 5 3 ^ 24 642 115 790 146 410 73 57 . 4 . 3 1 25 570 94 732 128 380 68 58 . 3 ^— 3 1 26 498 82 672 112 351 65 59 . 3 1 ' 3 2 27 431 78 631 114 317 56 60 2 1 2 ■ 28 342 60 577 99 294 68 61 — —^ 29 300 50 524 102 267 60 62 — 4 '■ " ^ 30 257 58 476 78 244 1 48 63 . _r 1 31 218 33 438 85 225 34 64 — 1 ' ■ "*^"^ 32 4^ r^^ 193 33 396 71 197 36 65 • 1 ^^■^^ 33_ 164 23 358 58 173 19 66 — ■ 1 ' There may be a secondary node at about the 29th to the 30th position. Posaibly this is due to the fact that such positions are found only on the larger inflorescences. «! 428 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 TABLE X NUMBERS OF FLOWERS, FRUITS AND SEEDS AT VARIOUS POSITIONS ON THE INFLORESCENCE IN 4 SERIES IN WHICH NUMBER OF SEEDS WAS DETERMINED p J. B. 1906 J . B. 1907 FL 300 .. M. 1906 M :. H. 1907 Fl. Ft. 31 S. Fl. 250 Ft. 39 S. 1416 Fr. 60 S. 2585 Fl. 300 Fr. 58 S. 1 250 1062 2187 2 250 40 1269 250 49 1777 300 75 3032 300 56 2151 3 249 44 1715 250 58 2023 300 87 3660 300 55 2087 4 249 57 2130 250 70 2537 300 93 4044 300 77 3035 5 249 48 1605 250 71 2391 300 86 3483 300 75 2969 6 A|0 249 49 1801 250 73 2487 300 97 4251 300 90 3794 7 248 48 1376 250 68 2466 300 82 3569 300 94 3722 8 247 52 1687 250 85 2708 300 72 2876 299 82 3468 9 247 52 1639 250 85 3051 300 77 3444 298 79 3187 10 246 43 1501 250 63 2049 299 75 2991 297 72 2932 11 246 37 1121 249 70 2173 299 76 3263 297 68 3041 12 244 53 1717 249 60 1795 ^299 62 2733 296 72 2595 13 241 53 1460 249 i 45 1532 298 65 2566 296 59 2301 14 240 _^^K .^^^ ^'■^ 53 1332 247 49 1564 296 66 2886 292 61 2411 15 233 40 1121 242 42 1345 294 67 2937 292 66 2804 16 225 40 1254 240 47 1626 293 71 3064 286 56 2192 17 216 52 1182 234 30 1003 291 65 2532 279 56 2251 18 201 45 1389 223 34 1117 287 55 2590 273 55 1911 19 189 40 1172 211 37 1222 281 62 2691 263 49 1697 20 172 ■ ^^^ 30 808 205 35 1099 273 60 2488 247 43 1558 21 157 22 779 194 28 727 263 40 1569 235 39 1363 22 132 29 925 188 26 728 249 49 1904 224 34 1180 23 114 22 576 174 24 848 239 50 2068 205 35 1276 24 102 23 841 156 22 528 232 45 1643 201 33 1037 25 94 19 573 142 17 482 220 38 1495 188 35 1482 26 80 17 — 477 127 18 508 207 55 2024 173 32 1093 27 71 13 327 116 14 414 192 32 1324 157 30 1136 28 60 1 7 259 102 14 , 384 174 30 1156 141 26 992 29 54 10 224 95 15 489 157 25 1018 127 24 739 30 47 5 114 90 11 332 146 24 920 114 21 760 31 41 6 234 83 17 542 133 34 1288 105 14 418 32 40 8 175 77 13 415 115 14 686 91 10 324 33 34 6 165 69 13 410 109 23 753 77 9 261 34 30 5 131 60 8 257 93 17 685 70 8 273 35 25 2 56 51 4 59 81 11 372 57 12 310 36 21 3 68 39 8 215 64 9 401 47 6 170 37 15 1 5 34 3 52 55 11 430 44 9 298 38 13 3 121 28 3 86 48 9 315 35 4 169 39 9 1 30 26 4 72 45 8 287 31 5 183 40 8 2 63 22 3 44 40 6 203 26 6 159 41 7 2 50 19 3 51 34 6 236 21 3 45 42 6 2 15 16 5 95 31 6 232 17 2 64 43 5 2 29 13 2 92 24 6 204 14 4 151 44 3 2 5 11 3 89 23 5 151 11 3 76 45 3 — 8 2 80 21 1 22 7 2 120 46 2 1 28 5 1 16 16 6 2 60 47 2 2 1 12 13 1 42 5 • — 10 48 1 — ■ 1 12 3 81 5 1 28 49 1 — . 1 7 1 30 5 1 25 50 1 — 1 P ^k ^^r ^tr 5 — 31 51 — — 1 6 2 46 5 ■ 28 52 — — • 1 6 1 50 3 2 — ^ 53 54 55 — — . 1 _. 6 1 64 3 — - ■"^ * __ - 1 1 5 2 1 43 2 2 "■ . — - 56 - 1 mm 2 .— — - 57 ->_ «^^ 1 2 *.— — 58 1 2 1 — - 59 _ 1 SH^H^^b r 2 1 - — 60 ■ ■ 1 — 2 ^SZ^ 1924] HARMS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 429 The investigation of this question has its obvious bearing on the problem of periodicity. Periodicity is the term used by de Vries and other biologists to express the idea that the form or size of the organs produced laterally along an axis is to some extent correlated with their position in such a manner that as one passes from the proximal to the distal region of the axis there is at first an increase to a maximum and then a decrease of the value of the character of the laterally produced organ. TABLE XI FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OP NUMBER OF SEEDS PER LOCULE IN 4 SERIES Seeds per locule J. B. 1906 J. B. 1907 M. H. 1906 M. H, 1907 7 ^.^^ 14 — 10 307 212 104 129 1 117 96 51 SO 2 139 138 91 86 3 172 162 145 130 4 153 173 153 157 5 153 161 189 200 6 164 206 224 207 7 143 225 245 249 8 143 215 278 224 9 173 218 287 253 10 143 214 293 264 11 161 213 280 280 12 124 243 329 315 13 133 219 291 302 14 151 214 300 278 15 128 218 311 255 16 134 159 348 278 17 110 183 292 242 18 105 175 286 219 19 93 111 291 197 20 82 96 218 194 21 77 85 199 106 22 66 77 198 130 23 40 42 169 109 24 40 27 136 82 25 35 34 84 60 26 28 13 79 54 27 15 16 69 36 28 10 9 32 37 29 8 5 27 14 30 6 1 28 12 31 4 .^— 12 8 m0 32 2 11 5 33 1 ^ — 2 4 4 34 2 , 3 1 35 3 jri^ 36 1 2 4 37 .^ 38 ~2 1 1 430 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 The literature bearing on this problem is now fairly extensive, but little has been written concerning the possible relationship between the fertility characters of the fruit and its position on the inflorescence axis. It should be evident that the differences in the proportion of fruits developing at different positions on the inflorescence present a series of problems of morphogenetic and physiological signi- ficance. Unfortunately the systematic collection of data for the solution of such problems has hardly been begun. TABLE XII FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF SEEDS PER FRUIT IN 4 SERIES Seeds per capsule ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 II VI 13 I 1 IV 8 Seeds II 22 VI 24 I 31 IV 32 Seeds 73 II 3 VI 4 I 6 36 47 44 1 17 37 18 29 28 30 74 3 1 8 8 3 3 38 18 34 38 34 75 5 9 16 1 1 39 20 34 41 40 76 1 2 5 15 5 2 1 40 16 18 40 35 77 1 2 4 16 9 2 3 41 19 24 35 41 78 2 3 12 16 11 2 11 42 18 19 34 26 79 1 1 9 13 9 7 8 43 9 23 39 31 80 3 8 16 12 8 7 44 16 21 37 33 81 2 2 8 16 16 13 15 45 13 29 36 33 82 _^« 2 20 19 15 11 46 17 19 44 38 83 1 ... ■ 4 15 20 16 15 47 11 31 36 39 84 1 1 15 16 10 18 48 16 30 31 27 85 3 1 3 20 24 14 15 49 16 26 38 33 86 1 1 2 19 22 25 21 50 14 23 38 23 87 ■ ■ ■ , 3 20 13 16 12 51 17 22 36 24 88 . 21 28 20 15 52 12 15 36 22 89 28 12 31 22 53 8 15 29 23 90 .^^. • 1 28 21 17 25 54 13 12 31 26 91 1 14 30 23 17 55 17 10 34 22 92 1 1 27 29 25 31 56 12 14 36 21 93 3 26 32 31 30 57 8 13 42 20 94 1 1 19 16 34 33 58 10 12 30 24 95 1 ^^h*"^^^* 15 29 50 35 59 6 7 34 12 96 — ■ 1 13 24 29 34 60 13 5 19 16 97 1 — • 16 26 31 26 61 13 10 28 21 98 . — 24 22 24 31 62 6 13 25 17 99 — 2 18 34 33 26 63 7 10 30 22 100 — 13 32 45 37 64 3 8 24 14 101 - — — 31 31 29 34 65 6 8 16 15 102 — 1 17 29 43 38 66 5 9 21 8 103 — . . — 17 23 38 28 67 5 5 21 17 104 . — 15 33 45 35 68 6 5 12 12 105 — - 11 4 M 19 30 28 69 2 6 11 11 106 — . 14 22 40 40 70 6 2 13 11 107 — 12 28 37 34 71 4 2 15 1 108 — — — 14 31 37 43 72 6 1 10 109 1 — - — IV 8 8 5 6 2 3 6 5 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORFSCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 431 Looking at the matter in a wholly superficial way, one is in- clined to suggest, as a basis for the planning of further investiga- tion, that the maturation of the more proximal ovaries is not favored by the conditions of the inflorescence which are most favorable for the development of the terminal portions where the floral parts are being matured for anthesis. The failure of the more distally placed ovaries to develop to maturity in such large numbers as those in the more central region of the inflorescence is possibly attributable to the demands for fruit- and seed-forming substances made by more proximal ovaries already in an advanced stage of development. Fig. 6. P- Meramec number of seeds per Circles Jefferson Lower figure represents 1906, upper 432 IVOL. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN The frequency distribution of number of seeds per locule in the 4 series is shown in table xi, while the distribution of number of seeds per capsule, comprising 3 locules, appears in table xii. The distributions of seeds per locule. reduced to oercentage frequen are represented graphically in fig. 6. These dis tributions require consideration from 2 sides: first, that of the differences between the series collected in different years in the same habitat, or in different habitats in the same year; second, that of their general nature as considered in comparison with biological frequency distribution While neither of these questions can be fully considered independently of the other, the discussion of the difference in the material associated with year or habitat can be made in a preliminary way in simpler terms, and hence will be first taken up. These 4 series have in common a wide range of variation in seed number, giving broad, relatively flat-topped distributions. In all series the distribution is bimodal. There is a conspicuous primary or secondary mode on seeds per locule and another in the general region of 8 to 14 seeds per locule. The agreement between the series from the habitats is in general very good in 1907, but in 1906 the 2 series differ conspicuously. That taken at Jefferson Barracks has a consoicuous mode on no TABLE XIII STATISTICAL COISISTANTS FOR NUMBER OP SEEDS PER LOCULE Series Meramec Highlands 1906 (I) Meramec Highlanda 1907 (IV) Jefferson Barracks 1906 (II) Jefferson Barracks 1907 (VI) Differences between two years (1906—1907) Meramec Highlands Jefferson Barracks Differences between two habitats (M.H.—J.B.) 1906 1907 N 6051 5201 3360 4162 Mean 13.7708±.0588 12.7963±.0623 10.3009 ±.0842 10.9077 ±.0670 +0.9745 -0.6068 .0857 .1076 +3.4699±.1027 + L8886±.0915 Standard deviation 6.7898 ±.0416 6.6698 ±.0440 7.2394 ±.0595 6.4086 ±.0473 +0.1 200 ±.0607 +0.8308 ±.0760 0.4496 ±.0726 +0.2612±.0646 Coefficient of variation 49.3058 ±.3684 52. 1229 ±.4280 70.2793±.S154 58.7530±.5645 2.8171 ±.5647 +11.5263±.9917 20.9735 ±.8948 6.6301 ±-7084 1924J HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF AfANFREDA VIRGINICA 433 seeds matured, and relatively high frequencies on the lower numbers of seeds per locule, whereas that taken at Meramec High- lands shows a relatively low mode on seeds matured with a shift of the mode to a much higher seed number than in the Jefferson Barracks series. To carry these comparisons somewhat further, and to prepare for more detailed consideration of the nature of these frequency distributions, we may consider the simpler statistical constants in table xiii for number of seeds per locule and in table xiv for TABLE XIV STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOE NUMBER OP SEEDS PER FRUIT Series Meramec Highlands 1906 (I) Meramec Highlands 1907 (IV) Jeflferson Barracks 1906 (II) Jefferson Barracks _ 1907 (VI) Differences between two years (1906 — 1907) Meramec High- lands JeffersonBarracks Differences between two habitats (M. H.-J. B.) 1906 1907 N 2017 1729 Mean 41.3123 ±.2748 38.3829 db.2947 1120 30.9027 ±.4063 1379 32.8426 ±.3165 + 2.9294 ±.4029 1.9399±.5150 + 10. 4096 ±.4905 + 5.5403 ±.4325 Standard deviation Coefficient of variation 18.3094 ±.1944 18.1931 ±.2085 44.3195± .5548 47.3991 .6539 20.1417±.2872 65.1777±1.2631 17.4688±.2240 53.1893± .8545 +0.1 163 ±.2851 +2.6729 ±.3642 1.8323 ±.3468 +0.7243 ±.3060 3.0796 ± .8575 +11.9884±1.5250 20.8582 ±1.3796 5. 7902 ±1.0760 number of seeds per fruit. The differences between the constants for the 2 years in the same habitat and between the constants for the 2 habitats in the same year also appear in these tables. The means and standard deviations will be used in calculating the coefficients of correlation set forth in the following paragraphs. The conspicuous feature of the tables is the large size of the coef- ficients of variation. It is unnecessary in this place to bring together the many coefficients of variation for number of seeds per locule or per fruit which have been published in the literature, or to do more than to say that they are generally large. 434 [Vol. H ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Turning to the comparisons between the 2 years in the same habitat, we note that while the difference in means is perhaps statistically significant^ in the 2 cases it is relatively small, being about 5 oer cent in the It is also to be noted that in one habitat it is the 1906 series, whereas in the other it is the 1907 series, which has the higher seed production. The differences between the 2 habitats in the same year show that for both years seed production is materially and sig- nificantly higher in the Meramec Highlands than in the Jefferson Barracks plants. 2. THE EELATIONSHIP BETT^-EEN THE NUMBER OF FLOWERS AND THE Number of capsules matured The relationship between number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of fruits per inflorescence may be computed for table XV CORRELATION BETWEEN NUMBER OF FLOWERS AND FRUITS PER INFLORESCENCE Series Meramec Meramec Meramec Meramec Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Highlands 1906 (1) Highlands 1907 (IV) Highlands 1907 (V) Highlands 1907 (IV) + (V) Barracks 1906 (II) Barracks 1906 (III) Barracks 1906 (II) + (III) Barracks 1907 (VI) Barracks 1907 (VII) Barracks 1907 fVI) + rVTT N 300 300 305 605 250 1000 1250 250 1020 1270 Correlation between niunber of flowers and fruits .6751 ±.0212 .6565 ±.0222 .6047 ±.0245 .6261 ±.0167 .6125 ±.0267 .6416±.0125 .6374±.0113 .5344 ±.0304 .6897 ±.01 11 .6638±.0106 E 31.84 29.57 24.68 37.49 22.94 51.33 56.41 17.58 62.14 62.62 Correlation , flowers per in- inflorescence, and deviation of fruits from their probable value .0278 ±.0389 ..0986±.0386 .0451 ±.0385 .0343±.0274 .0576 ±.0425 .0693 ±.0212 .0771 ±.0190 1035 ±.0422 .0652±.0210 .0407 ±.0189 E 0.71 2.55 L17 1.25 1.36 3.27 4.06 2.45 3.10 2.15 the 4 series in which the seeds were counted from the entries in table the 3 other series in which onlv the number of flowers and fruits were determined the reader must refer to table ii. The relationship between the number of flowers formed and the number matured per inflorescence expressed in dinary formulae have been inteipretation. lam 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 435 terms of correlations in the first correlation column of table xv. These coefficients are remarkably uniform from series to series. They range from 0.534 ± 0.030 to 0.690 ± 0.011. These ex- tremes differ by only 0.156 ± 0.032. In general the be considered to differ significantly in correlation. The relationship between the number of capsules matured and the number of flowers formed is expressed in terms of linear re- table TABLE XVI STRAIGHT LINE EQUATIONS SHOWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OP FRUITS AND FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE Series Regression equation Meramec Highlands 1906 (I) Meramec Highlands 1907 (IV) Meramec Highlands 1907 (V) Meramec Highlands 1907 (IV) + (V Jefferson Barracks 1906 (II) Jefferson Barracks 1906 (HI) Jefferson Barracks 1906 (II) + (III) Barracks Jefferson Barracks 1907 (VII) Jefferson Barracks 1907 (VI) + (VII) I c = — .3002 c = —.2113 + .2316/ c = -.1139 + .2138/ c = — .3S30 + .2280 / c = —.2652 + .2216/ c = _ .3602 + .2062 / c = —.5348 + .2382/ c = -.5346 + .2335/ c = + .7869 + .1755 / c = - .4719 + .2491 / The slopes of these lines range from + .1755 in the series of 250 inflorescences taken at Jefferson Barracks in 1907 to + .2491 in the large series taken at the same locality in the same year. The fact that the widest disagreement is found in 2 series from the same habitat and year emphasizes the closeness of agree- ment between the results of the several series. The equations for 2 of the series are represented graphically in fig. 7 for 1906, in which the empirical and theoretical means for 2 different habitats but for the same year, are laid side by side. Two features of these diagrams will at once attract the eye : first, the excellent fit of the straight lines to the data; second, the re- markable closeness of agreement of the series from the 2 habitats. ^Tiile the correlation coefficients and the regression equations showing the relationship between the number of flowers and cap- sules per inflorescence have descriptive value, the physiological interrelationship between / and c may be best shown by a coef- ficient measuring the relationship between the number of flowers Fig. 7. number Upper line = Meramec Highlands; lower line 00 05 > O CO CO o o !zl IS ^ 4 Barracks. Empirical means for Meramec Highlands represented by circles, those for Jefferson Barracks by solid dots. 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 437 and the deviation of the number of fruits from the number which would be expected if the number of capsules were proportional to the number of flowers formed throughout the entire range of variation of number of flowers per inflorescence. The requisite formula has been given (Harris, '09a) and its range of applicability illustrated elsewhere (Harris, '18). The results are given in the second correlation column of table XV. The values are low throughout. Eight are positive, while 2 are negative in sign. In general the coefiicients are insignificant in comparison with their probable errors. Taking these results as a whole, they indicate a slight relation- ship between the munber of flowers per inflorescence and the capacity of the inflorescences for maturing their ovaries into fruits. Larger inflorescences mature on the average a slightly, but only slightly, larger proportion of their ovaries into fruits. Turning to the literature for comparable cases, we note that in Staphylea (Harris, '09 a) and in Crinum (Harris, '12 a) inflores- cences which produce larger numbers of flowers mature relatively smaller numbers of fruits. This is also the result announced by Reed for the lemon (Reed, '19). In Celastrus (Harris, '09) there is apparently no relationship between the number of flowers formed and the canacitv of the inflorescence for maturing its fruits 3. WEEN THE NUMBER OF FLOWERS 3 THE POSITION OF THE FRUITS The foregoing analysis has shown that there is httle relationship between the size of the inflorescence and the capacity for maturing its ovules into seeds. We now have to consider another problem regarding fruit formation. This is : Has the size of the inflorescence as measured by the number of flowers which it produces an influence upon the position of the fruits which develop? The problem of the relationship between the number of flowers and the position of the fruits which develop to maturity seems to be one of very real physiological interest. If we ignore for the moment the possible influence of the morphogenetic factor dis- cussed above (p. 434) and look at the pvuely nutritional one, it 4d» ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN seems reasonable to assume that development of fruit makes a certain demand upon the organism for plastic materials. If this demand is higher than the available supply in any case, it seems quite possible that the more proximal ovaries, which are the first to have their seeds fertilized, would develop into fruits in larger proportions, since they are in a position to make the first demand upon the plastic materials. If, on the other hand, the organism is so exactly coordinated that the quantities of plastic materials available for the formation of fruits and seeds is proportional to the number of flowers formed,^ one might expect that the position of the fruits would be little in- fluenced by the number of flowers per inflorescence. To solve this problem we may proceed in the following manner. We may determine the relation between the number of flowers per inflorescence and the position of the fruits which develop to maturity. In doing this we weight the number of flowers per in- florescence with the number of fruits produced, and consider the position of each fruit on the axis a deviation from the standard (proximal) position.^ We must expect this relation to be large, since it is evident that on the average the fruits on large inflores- cences, which produce more fruits, will be mserted higher than those which produce few fruits. It is possible, however, to deter- mine the true physiological relationship between these 2 char- acters by the use of the formula measuring the relation between a variable and the deviation of a dependent variable from its probable value cited above. The position of any fruit must always represent some fraction, or component, of the maximum possible position on the inflorescence to which it belongs. This formula, therefore, seems quite applicable. The correlation between the number of flowers per inflorescence and the position of the fruits on the inflorescence, and between the number of flowers on the inflorescence and the deviation of the position of the fruits from itsprobable position appear in table xvii. wiie may, u ne chooses, look upon the number of flowers formed as proportional to the quantities of plastic substances which are to be a maturmg these ovaries into fruit. * The full data for the determination of these constants are rather too for pubhcation here. 1924] HARRIS MANFREDA TABLE XVII CORRELATION BETWEEN POSITION OP FRUITS ON THE INFLORESCENCE AND NUMBER OP FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE Series ^ T3 q; "S Meramec Meramec Meramec Meramec Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Highlands 1906 (I) Highlands 1907 (IV) Highlands 1907 (V) Highlands 1907 (IV) + (V) Barracks 1906 (II) Barracks 1906 (III) Barracks 1906 (II) + (III) Barracks 1907 (VI) Barracks 1907 (VII) Barracks 1907 (VI) + (VII) 2017 1737 1849 3586 1120 6361 6481 1392 6534 7926 Correlation between niunber of flowers and position of fruits E .4151 ±.0322 .4606 ±.0307 .4794 ±.0297 .4726±.0213 .4843±.0327 .4266±.0174 .4328±.0155 .4677±.0333 .4344±.0171 .4399 ±.0153 12.89 15.00 16.14 22.18 14.81 24.51 27.92 14.04 25.40 28.75 Correlation^ flowers per in- florescence and deviation of position of fruits from its probable position .0102 ±.0389 .0314±.0389 .0216 ±.0386 .0291 ±.0274 .0332 ±.0426 .0280 ±.0213 .0151±.0191 .0536 ±.0425 .0151±.0211 .0057±.0191 E 0.42 0.81 0.56 1.06 0.78 1.31 0.79 1.26 0.72 0.30 If there be no relationship between the number of flowers per inflorescence and the position of the fruits on the inflorescence, one should find a linear relationship between the average position of the fruits and the number of flowers per inflorescence. The equa- tions to the straight lines in 4 of the series are : Meramec Highlands, 1906, 300 inflorescences, 2017 fruits P 554747 + .482806 / Jeff"erson Barracks. 1906, 1250 inflorescences, 6481 fruits P f Meramec Highlands. 1907, 605 inflorescences, 3586 P 857833 + .512934/ Jefferson Barracks. 1907, 1270 inflorescences, 7926 fruits P + .160829 + .447496/ The lines and emnirical means for the fig The results indicate sensible Turning to the problem of the correlation between number of flowers per inflorescence and deviation of position of fruits from its probable value, we note that the values are low throughout They are generally smaller than their probable Thus they indicate that the number of flowers per inflorescence has influence on the position of the fruits which develop maturity 440 [Vol. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN ■28- 1 1 1 '>\ ■ 1 f 1 1 1 j 1 1 ^ 1 — -^ 1 1 1 ■ A. ^ ■26 f- — — . 1 > j 1 1^ -24 r ^' — ■ 1 1 ^ — Jr ■■ ■ ^ — 1 ■ ■ ~-^ '"y^ 1 1 b ^ i r * % /y • -n- 1 i 1 — ^^ 1 j y^ 1 1 1 i yO'^ • -20 ■ j 1 ^ . \^ ' j ^ ^ — — t ' — " ^ ' r 1 J '^ 1 1 1 L i 'i^' 1 1 1 1 j j ^ . ^"' \ I j 1 '. ^0 • « j 1 n n. ^ ^—^ 1 'J^' 1 1 1 •^ .• 1 y^' 1 i 1 1 1 1 *— ^ H.^ ••^A 1 1 i 17 *^y i 1 /v ^ ^ . 1 ■B- ^ V" 1 1 - >- •^ -^ .t^^. 1 li 1 1 1 — ■^ ' ry^' ' ^ ■^ '^ ' * ■ < 1 -4 V^ • J L r • • • /• r 1 -' 1 "" ■ 1 FZt ^V^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 12 4 ^ B to iZ i4 ie Id 70 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 3d 40 4-Z 4 \ I t \ \ 1 1 1 1 1 .. i t 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 t t 1 1 1 . 1 . . . . 4 -^ rs 6 4 1 r 1 e s 1 1 1 52 ^^/.^ J L _ 11 a Fi 1 2 nd ha sol 8. bit id R( ats dot Bgri fO] & = Bssi r 1! on 306 efEe of :rso po Up; siti per Bar on Ik rac of iks. fm md lits ci on rcle . ni :S = iml = 1 5er Vie of ran flc lec Hi per lani inflorescence ds, lower line In so far as they are pertinent to the problem, the constants in this table seem to show that the supply of fruit- and seed-forming substance is very nearly proportional to the number of flowers formed. These results are in full agreement with those of the preceding section (2) in which it was shown that there is little relationship between the number of flowers on the inflorescence and the capacity of the inflorescence for maturing these flowers fruit 4. WEEN THE NUMBER OF FLOWERS INFLORESCENCE AND THE PER LOCULE possible relationships between the size of the inflorescence as measured by We have, in this section, to consider the problem of the 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 441 the number of flowers and fruits which it produces and the fertility of its fruits. This seems a question of very real physiological interest On a ^priori grounds one might be inclined to suggest that the size of the inflorescence is a measure of vigor, and that, as another ex- pression of the greater vigor, larger numbers of seeds would be expected to be associated with larger numbers of flowers per in- florescence. On the other hand, it may be urged that since the inflorescences with larger numbers of flowers also produce larger numbers of fruits, the demands for plastic materials due to greater numbers of fruits would result in a reduction rather than in an increase in the number of seeds per locule. The product moments for the relationship between the number of flowers per inflorescence and numbers of seeds per fruit may be calculated from table i.^ Table xviii shows the correlation between the number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of seeds per locule and between the number of fruits per inflorescence and the number of seeds per locule in the 4 series in which the numbers of seeds were determined. Three of the constants measuring the relationship between the number of flowers and the number of seeds are positive, while one is negative in sign. All are small, however, ranging from — 0.020 to + 0.095. In general the coefficients are not as large as their probable errors. « Correlations between the number of fruits per inflorescence and Note that in determining the relationship between number of flowers and number eeds the means and standard deviations for number of flowers per inflorescence it be redetermined by weighting with the number of fruits or number of locules inflorescence. The constants thus weighted may be used in the determination orrelations for number of flowers and number of seeds per locule or seeds per t, since all of the fruits are trilocular. rhe question of the number to be used in calculating the probable error of these difl5culty. The number of fruits coimted has been determination ^.w^cv^.c cx.ux It wuuxu be very small indeed. It may be questioned, however, whether the probable error of the correlation between a weighted variable x and another variable y is any lower than that obtained when the the X characters is used. We have, therefore, in determinin unweighted number be the actual num 442 IVOL. 11 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN the number of seeds per locule may be deduced from the con- densed correlation table appearing as table iv.^ The correlations between the number of fruits and the number of seeds per locule as given in table xviii are negative in all 4 of the but are of a order from 0.043 to 127. Two of the 4 are over twice as large as their probable errors. TABLE xvill CORRELATION BETWEEN FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE AND NUMBER OF SEEDS PER LOCULE AND BETWEEN NUMBER OF FRUITS PER INFLORESCENCE AND NUMBER OF SEEDS PER LOCULE Series Meramec High- lands 1906 . . MeramecHigh- lands 1907 . . Difference. . . Jefferson Bar- racks 1906 Jefferson Bar- racks 1907 Difference. . . Flowers and seeds E Fruits and seeds -t-. 0321 ±.0389 +.0382 ±.038 8 +.0061 ±.0548 +.0952 ±.0423 .0202 ±.0426 .1154 ±.0600 0.825 0.985 0.111 2.250 0.474 1.923 .0429 ±.0389 .0569 ±.0388 .0140±.0548 .0867±.0423 .1265 ±.0420 .0398 ±.0600 E Difference 1.102 1.466 0.255 2.050 3.012 0.663 0750 ±.0387 0951 ±.0387 Diff EdiS. 1.938 2.457 4.290 1.772 These results show that unless there are statistical considera- tions which invalidate the coefficients of correlation as measures of interdependence in these cases, the relationship between the characteristics of the inflorescence and the number of seeds ma- tured is very slight indeed. Apparently inflorescences which are initially large tend to have capsules with slightly larger numbers of seeds. Inflorescences which mature a large number of capsules tend to have a slightly smaller number of seeds in these capsules. The difference between the correlations for number of fruits and seeds and the number of flowers and seeds shows that in all 4 ^ The frequencies used in calculating the correlations given in this paper are slightly different from those shown here because of the fact that 10 locules in series IV and 14 locules in series VI had a questionable number of seeds. The difference in results obtained from calculations from this table and those actually used in obtaining our constants can hardly be significant, since they depend merely on differences due to 10 out of 5211 and 14 out of 4176 locules. 1924] HABRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 443 collections the relation between number of fruits and seeds is more strongly negative than that between number of flowers and seeds. At least 2 of these differences may be significant in comparison with their probable errors. The correlation coefficients in these tables show that the rela- tionship between the number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of seeds per locule and between the number of fruits per inflorescence and the number of seeds per locule is very slight indeed. How slender it is may be best shown by the use of straight-line equations. In these the variable term shows the actual increase or decrease in number of seeds per locule associ- ated with an increase in the number of flowers per inflorescence or in the number of fruits per inflorescence. The equations are: Meramec Highlands, 1906, s = 12.9611 + .0250/, s = 14.5414 — .0965 c Meramec Highlands, 1907, s = 11.9176 + .0291/, s = 13.7444 — .1335 c Jefferson Barracks, 1906, s = 8.1589 + .0822/, s = 11.5831 — .2173 c Jefferson Barracks, 1907, 8 = 11.3520 — .0151 f,s= 12.6892 - .2585 c where s = seeds, / = flowers, and c = fruits per inflorescence. The lines and the empirical means are represented graphically for the relationship between number of flowers per inflorescence and number of seeds per locule in fig. 9, and for that between number of fruits per inflorescence and number of seeds per locule in fig. 10. The mean numbers of seeds per locule are distributed with considerable irregularity about the nearly horizontal lines showing the theoretical change in mean number of seeds with variation in the number of flowers per inflorescence. There is, however, nothing in these lines to indicate that any single curve of a higher order would give a better representation of the relation- ship. The lines and empirical means for number of seeds per locule of fruits produced on inflorescences with varying total numbers of fruits (fig. 10) may indicate a slightly non-linear distribution of I FiaW£J?S P£T{ INFLOJ^ESCEAICE 4 e Q to 12 /4 le 18 20 2l 24 -1 — 1 — I — I — 1 — I — I — I I I 1 I L_l I I I U_J I I 26 28 30 _l 1 I I L. 32 34 36 1 I I'll Fig. 9. Regression of number of seeds per locule on number of flowers per inflorescence. Circles represent empirical means for Meramec Highlands, solid dota those for Jefferson Barracks. Lower figure gives results for 1906, upper fiugre those for 1907. > O 03 O 6d o Q ^ ^ Since in correlations between position on the inflorescence and number of seeds per locule or per fruit the position must be weighted with the number of fruits counted, the weighted constants are necessary. These may be deduced frorn the j._T_i i. , . , . . ii i^A ^^i^T f«^ fV»o r»nrrf>!ofinns. flrfi not tabled without here. position and total seeds per fruit determined from tliis table by substituting the number of fruits for the number oi locules and the means and the standard deviations of number of seeds per fruit for number of seeds oer locule. [Vol. 11 450 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GAEDEN TABLE XX CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACTUAL POSITION OP THE FRUIT AND NUMBER OF SEEDS PER LOCULE AND BETWEEN THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE FRUIT AND NUMBER OF SEEDS PER LOCULE Series Meramec High- lands 1906 . . Meramec High- lands 1907 . . Difference. . . Jefferson Bar- racks 1906 Jefferson Bar- racks 1907 Difference . . Actual position and seeds 0778 ±.0387 1129 ±.0384 E Relative position and seeds 2.010 -.0541 ±.0388 2.940 0.651 2.730 2.926 .0082 ±.0592 0.139 .0500±.0388 + .0041 ±.0548 .1232 ±.0420 .1040 ±.0421 + .0192±.0592 E 1.394 Difference +.0237 ±.0548 .0539 1.288 + . 0629 0. 075 2.933 1 .0085 0592 2.470 0.324 +.0189±.0592 Diff. .Edict, 0.432 1.167 0.143 0.319 TABLE XXI NUMBER OF LOCULES AND TOTAL SEEDS AT VARIOUS RELATIVE POSI TIONS ON THE INFLORESCENCE IN 4 SERIES IN WHICH NUMBER OF SEEDS WAS DETERMINED J. B . 1906 J. B. 1907 M. H. , 1906 Relative position Locules Total Locules Total Locules Total J seeds 8267 seeds 1 1 seeds 1 744 747 8313 897 12278 2 702 7671 731 8673 894 12641 3 600 6153 687 7659 864 12553 4 435 4568 582 6462 795 11051 5 297 2757 453 5068 687 9392 6 204 1948 326 3243 552 7527 7 141 1395 222 2182 411 6577 8 96 816 138 1243 333 4400 9 60 551 96 953 231 2982 10 42 239 66 612 153 1934 11 18 146 45 348 108 1437 12 9 71 27 251 63 789 13 3 11 15 103 30 393 14 3 1 9 111 15 142 16 3 16 6 16 9 150 16 3 1 6 109 6 68 17 n _» 3 37 3 13 18 3 15 M. H. 1907 Locules 891 869 833 711 558 448 318 219 144 84 57 45 18 6 Total seeds 11134 11973 11055 9374 6753 5391 3711 2836 1767 980 722 551 248 59 the matured in the more distal position is smaller than that in more proximal position. The differences between the corre- lations for the same habitat for the 2 years cannot be considered significant in comparison with their probable errors. The corre- 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLOEESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 451 lations are, however, of a very low order. Those for and the number of seeds range from 078 0.123. Those for relative position and number of seeds range from A comparison of the correlations between 0.050 to 0.123. CO ACrcAL POSIT /ON 3 S 1 6 tl 13 IS n 19 21 23 25 21 29 31 33 35 31 29 J '■''■*'*'' 1 I L I 1 1 1 1 1 i ' 1 ^ 1 ' •- ' number Circles am Jeffereon Barracks. The lower figure 1906 the relative position and number of seeds, and actual position and number of seeds shows that in one case the former the latter is the No one of these differences of the determmation in comparison with the probable error Thus it is impossible to assert on the basis of the materials 452 [Vol. H ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN ft: ft. Co -2 I \ I \ -RE LA T/VE POSITION \ t \ I I -o: i i 3 5 1 7 _L I 9 I // JL 13 i IS Fig. 12. number Circles = empirical means for Meramec Highlands, solid dots for Jefferson Barracks. Lower fieure gives results for 1906, ut empirical means 1924} HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE available that one of these relationships is more intimate than the other. The low correlations between the actual position and the rel- ative position of the fruit and the number of seeds which it produces may be due either to an absence of relationship between these two characters or it may be due to a periodicity in the in- florescence, such that the number of seeds at first increases and then decreases as one passes from the proximal toward the distal end of the inflorescence. To test this matter we determine the mean number of seeds in each position, both actual and relative, on the inflorescence, and ascertain whether the change in mean number of seeds occurs at a uniform rate from the lower to the higher regions of the inflores- cence. To be strictly valid the correlation coefficients should represent cases of linear regression. The linear equations showing the change in the number of seeds per locule with position on the inflorescence are as follows : Actual position Meramec Highlands, 1906 Meramec Highlands, 1907 Jefferson Barracks, 1906 Jefferson Barracks, 1907 8 = 14.5551 — .0519 a s = 13.9185 — .0787 o Relative position s = 14.3458 — .1280r s = 13.3141 — .1279 r 8 = 11.6245 — .0980 o s = 11.6010 — .3769 r * = 12.0439 — .0850 a \ s = 11.8913 — .2491 r Here a = actual position, r = relative position, and s = num- ber of seeds per locule. The lines for actual position are represented in fig. 11, while those for relative position appear in fig. 12. For both relation- ships and in all series of material these indicate a uniform de- crease in number of seeds per inflorescence when the capsules are considered in series ranging from the proximal to the distal regions of the inflorescence. For comparison we have a number of determinations on the inflorescence of Staphylea, in which the relationship between position and number of ovules (Harris, '11 a) and between posi- tion and number of seeds (Harris, '12 b) have been shown to be very small numerically but The re- lationship between position on the inflorescence and length of pod in Staphylea has also been shown (Harris, '12) to be slightly negative. [Vol, 11 454 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUEI BOTANICAL GARDEN f 6. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF SEEDS IN THE LOCULES OF THE SAME FRUIT The correlations between the number of flowers and fruits per inflorescence and the actual and relative position of the fruit on the inflorescence, on the one hand, and the number of seeds per locule, on the other, have been shown to be of a very low order indeed. We cannot, therefore, regard any of these earlier es- tablished characters, or the factors which determine them, as having a large influence in determining the number of seeds per locule. Having failed to locate factors of material importance in the characters of the inflorescence, we may inquire whether there are unmeasurable factors which influence all of the locules of the same fruit in a similar manner. This may be done by determining the inter-Iocular relationship for number of seeds per locule in the different series. In doing this, symmetrical tables are formed. The number of seeds in each locule is considered a first and then a second member of the pair in combination with the other locules of the fruit. The values of the correlation coefficients were checked by the use of the intra-class correlation formulae (Harris, '13). The tables of data are too voluminous for publication. The correlation coefficients and the regression equations are set forth in table xxii and show a high degree of simflarity between numbers of seeds in the locules of the same fruit. The correla- tion lies between 0.70 and 0.80. Since the tables are symmet- rical, the correlation and the regression coefficients are identical. The straight lines and the empirical means for the materials for the 2 pairs of years are shown in fig. 13. Apparently the straight line represents the relationship between the observed and the theoretical average as well as would any curve of higher order. The closely contiguous position of the lines for the years shows the generality of tl^e laws underlying the interdependence between seed number in the 3 locules of the fruit. Comparable determinations for other species are few in number. In Sanguinaria (Harris, '10) the correlations for number of ovules on the 2 placentae have been shown to be of the order r = .89 to r = .92, while the correlations for number of seeds per locule 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MNAFREDA VIRGINICA 455 TABLE XXII CORRELATION BETWEEN NUMBER OP SEEDS PER LOCULE IN THE SAME FRUIT AND REGRESSION EQUATIONS SHOWING THE RELATION BETWEEN THE NUMBER OP SEEDS IN THE LOCULE OF THE FRUIT Series Jefferson Barracks 1906 Meramec Highlands 1906 Jefferson Barracks 1907 Meramec Highlands 1907 Weighted N Correlation Regression equation 6720 12102 8274 10374 7901 7119 7408 7383 ± .0044 .0043 .0047 .0042 It It 2.1619 + .7901 h 3.9669 4- .7119 k 2.8374 + .7408 h 3.3479 + .7383 h have a value of r = .80 to r = .84. That the correlation for seed production is not due solely to the high correlation of the numbers of ovules on the 2 placentae is shown by the fact that the partial correlations between the numbers of seeds on the 2 placentae for constant numbers of ovules have a material value. In Hibiscus (Harris, '13) it has been shown that for 1000 fruits examined at the Missouri Botanical Garden in the fall of 1905 the intra-ovarial correlations were For ovules per locule, r = .3843 ± .0081 For seeds per locule, r 5557 .0066 Excess for seeds 1714 .0104 Here again the results indicate distinct physiological factors influencing the capacities of the several locules of the fruit for seed production in such a way as to bring about a similarity between them, .676 ± .008 has In Crinum longifolium a correlation of been demonstrated (Harris, 12 a) bet wee seeds from the same fruit. the ght of the ^11 these results agree in indicating that there are morpho- letic or physiological factors tending to bring about a similarity the seed production and in the seed weight of the locules of the fruit IV. Recapitulation and Discussion This paper has had for its purpose the consideration of problems of fertility in Manfreda virginica {Agave mrginica conclusions are based on the statistical analysis of extensi^ The 456 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 11 Fig. 13. Regression of number of seeds in the locule of the fruit on number of seeds in another locule of the same fruit. Circles = Meramec Highlands, solid dots = Jefferson Barracks. In both figures the upper lines (at the beginning) represent the equations for the Meramec Highlands series. Lower figure repre- sent series for 1907, upper figure represents series for 1906- of countings made at Meramec Highlands and Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo., in 1906 and 1907. Briefly stated, the results are as follows : 1924] HARRIS MANFREDA 1. The average number and the variation in number of flowers and fruits per inflorescence and seeds per locule in the two habitats and years has been determined, and compared with the available data for fertility in other species. For details reference must be made to the body of the paper. 2. About 22 per cent of the flowers develop their ovaries into fruits. The correlation between the number of flowers formed and the number of fruits matured is of about medium value. This is, however, due to the fact that as the result of chance only the larger inflorescences should produce larger numbers of fruits. A special formula shows that there is little relationship between the size of the inflorescence as measured by the number of flowers which it produces and its capacity for maturing its ovaries into fruits. 3. While the more proximal and more distal flowers on the inflorescence show a smaller proportion of fruit production, there is little relationship between the size of the inflorescence as meas- ured by the number of flowers produced and the position of the flowers which mature their ovaries into fruits. 4. There is practically speaking no correlation betw^een the number of flowers on the inflorescence and the number of seeds matured per locule. This is apparently in part due to the negative correlation between the number of fruits matured and number of seeds per locule. If correction for the number of fruits be made it is shown that the inflorescences which produce the larger numbers of flowers also mature shghtly larger numbers of seeds per locule. 5. There is a slight negative correlation between the number of fruits ripened per inflorescence and the number of seeds matured per locule. The physiological significance of (4) and (5) is considered. 6. The fertility of the fruits tends to decrease slightly, and approximately uniformly, from the proximal to the distal end of the inflorescence. 7. While there is little relationship between number of flowers or number of fruits per inflorescence or position on the inflores- cence and the number of seeds per locule, the correlation between the number of seeds in the 3 locules of the fruit is high. Thus [Vol. 11 458 ANNALS OF THE there are as yet unmeasurable factors which influence in a similar manner the seed production of the 3 locules of the same ovary. These may be in part ecological, depending upon accidents of fertilization, and in part physiological. The result of greatest importance derived from this investiga- tion is the generally low correlation between the meristic char- acters of the inflorescence and fruit and seed production. While variation in seed production is clearly the resultant of underlying causes, these "causes" are not easily located in. the variations of the magnitudes of any of the antecedently formed structures. Thus there is little relationship between the number of flowers formed per inflorescence and the number of seeds matured per locule. This conclusion, that there is but a low correlation be- tween somatic characters and fertility, is in full agreement with those drawn from a consideration of the relationship between the number of parts of the involucral whorl and fertility in Hibiscus (Harris, 11). This conclusion is not shaken by the more substantial corre- lations formed between number of pods and number of ovules and seeds in Phaseolus (Harris, 14), for here, as in Sanguinaria (Harris, 10) and in Nothoscordum and Allium (Harris, '09 b), we have questions of possible age differentiation in the perennials or of the somatic character measured standing more directly m relation to the fertility characters as means of support, conducting tracts for plastic materials, or as an actual source of the elabora- tion of plastic materials. Literature Cited Harris, J. Arthur ('09). Correlation in the inflorescencer of Celastrus scandens. Mo. Bot. Gard., Ann. Rept. 20: 116-122. 1909. ('09 a) . The correlation between a variable and the deviation of a de- pendent variable from its probable value. Biometrika 6: 438-443. 1909. , ('09 b) . Correlation between length of flowering stalk and number of flowers per inflorescence in Nothoscordxim and Allium. Mo. Bot. Garct., Ann. Rept. 20: 105-115. 1909. , ('10). A quantitative study of the morphology of the fruit of the blood- root, Sanguinaria canadensis. Biometrika 7: 305-351./. 1* 1910. , Cll)- On the correlation between somatic characters and fertility: Illustrations from the involucral whorl of Hibiscus. Ibid. 8: 52-65. /. •* 1911. 1924] HARRIS — THE INFLORESCENCE OF MANFREDA VIRGINICA 459 rila). eUmination Staphylea. ZeitscLr. f. ind. Abst. u. Vererbungsl. 5: 173-188. 1911 . , C12). The influence of the seed upon the size of the fruit in Staphylea. IL Bot. Gaz. 53: 396-414. 1912. ('12 a). Biometric data on the inflorescence and fruit of Crinuin longi- folium. Mo. Bot. Gard., Ann. Rept. 23: 75-99. 1912. — ('12 b). Observations on the physiology of seed development in Sta- phylea. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28^: 1-16. 1912. ('13). On the calculation of intra-class and inter-class coefficients of correlation from class moments when the number of possible combinations i3 large. Biometrika 9: 446-472. 1913. ('14). On the correlation between somatic characters and fertility. II. lUxistrations from Phaseolus vulgaris. Am. Jour. Bot. 1: 398^11. 1914. -, ('18). Further the correlation between a variable and the deviation of a dependent variable from its probable value. Genetics 3: 328-352. 1918. Reed, H. S. ('19). Certain relationships between the flowers and fruits of the lemon. Jour. Aer. Res. 17: 153-165. 1919. f o ^^\ 1943 GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUME XI New scientific names of plants and the final members of new combinations are in ordinary type- synonyms and page numbers and Dreviouslv Dublished scientific i A aceriniis (Aleurodiscus), 40 Acidity, relation of, to growth of certain wood-destroying fungi, 43 Actinostroma, 1; crassumf 2 Agar culture solutions, 52 albido-carneum (Asterostroma)^ 29 albus (Microstroma), 27 Aleurodiscus acerinus, 40 americanorum (Microstroma), 27 ampla (Auriculariopsis) , 10 ampla (Cyphella), 9 anomaki (Peziza), 19 anomala (Solenia), 19 anomala var. ochracea (Solenia), 19 anomaloides (Solenia), 19 applanatus (Fomes (Ganoderma)), 37 Armillaria mellea» growth of, in relation to H-ion concentration of media, 47 Asterostroma, 28 ; albido-carneum, 29 ; bicolor, 32; cervicolor, 28; corticola, 28; gracile, 34; muscicolmn, 31; ochro- stroma, 34 ; pallidunh 29 ; spinif erum, 33 Ticulariopsts B Beccariella, 1 bicolor (Asterostroma), 32 Burt, E, A. Some wood-destroying fungi of Java, 37; The Thelephoraceae of North America, XIII, 1 c Candida (Solenia), 14 CandoUeana (Cladoderris) , 2 Celluloses in nutrient solutions, 50 cervicolor (Asterostroma) 28 cervicolor (Corticium), 28 cinerea (Solenia), 22 Cladoderris, 1; CandoUeana, 2; crassa, 2; dendritica, 2, 36; floridana, 4, 86; infundibulxformis, 3 conferta (Solenia), 17 confiisa (Solenia), 19 corrugata (Trametes), 39 Carticium cervicolor, 2S; flocculentum, 9; ealicinum, 10 corticola (Asterostroma), 28 crassa (Cladoderris), 2 crassum (Aciinostroma) , 2 Craterellus marasmioides, 7 ; pulveru- lentiis, 7; spatkulariits, 8 Cymatella, 6; minima, 6, 36; maras- mioides, 7; pulverulenta, 7, 36 Cymatoderma, 1 Cynorrhynchium, 124 Cyphella ampla, 9; endophila, 25 Cytidia, 9; flocculenta, 9; ruiilana, 10. 36; salicinai 10; tremellosa, 12, 36 D Daedalea (Peziza), 23 Daedalea confragosa, growth of, in re- lation to H-ion concentration of media, 47 dendritica (Cladoderris), 2. 36 Diplacus, 124, 326; arachnoideus, 328; aridus, 336; aurantius, 338; calyciniut, 331; cardinalis, 138; Ctevehndii, 327; glutinosus, 338, var- aurantiacu9, 338, var. Godroni, 349, var. grandiflonis, 335, var. latifoKus, 339, var. puniceus, 342, var. splendidus, 349, var, 5te^ laius, 337, var, Verschaffeltii, 349 X Godroni. 349; grandiflorus, 335 latifolius, 338; leptanthus, 334, 335 linearis, 334; longiflorus 328, 335 parmfiorus, 344; punicem, 344; ru- gosus, 350; 9peciosus, 328; X splen- didus, 349; stellatus, 337; X Verschaf- feltii,349 ^, ^ ^ Dodge, C. W., Zeller, S.M. and. Leuco- gaster and Leucophlebs in North America, 389 E elongatus (Polystictus), 37 Endogone Tozziana 403 endophila (Cyphella), 25 endophila (Solenia), 25 Erythranlhe. 124, 137; cardinalxs Eumimulus, 126, 137 138 Ann. Mo. Bot. Gakd., Vol. 11, 1924 (461) [Vol. 11 462 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN t f 9 } f • Eunanus, 268 EunanitSt 268; angusiatusy 315; angusti foliuSf 298; Austinae, 296; bicolor, 307 Bigeloviiy 277 ; Bolanderi, 273 ; brevipes 270; Breweri, 261 ; clivicola, 297 Congdoniiy 311; Coulteriy 313; Cw- sicfcii, 282; Douglasii, 319, 321, var parvifloriiSy 311; Fremontii, 283, 289 Kelloggii, 318, var. parvijlorvs, 311 latifolins, 310; Layneae, 291; leptaleus 304; mephiticus, 300; mohavensis^ 308 nanus. 295, a pluriflorits, 294; Parryi 276; pic^ws, 324; pulcheUus, 316; J?a^ tanii, 289; subsecundus, 285; subuni floras, 321; ToZmet, 294; Torreyi, 289 fricofor, 313 F fasciculata (Solenia), 15 filicina (Solenia), 18 Filter-paper solutions, 51 flocculenta (Cytidia), 9 flo'-cvlenta (Thelephora) , 9 flocculentum {Cor*icium)y 9 floridana (Cladoderris), 4, 55 foetidus (Hypolyssus) , 5 Fomes (Ganoderma) applanatus, 37 ; elongatus, 37; Korthalsii, 37; pecti- natus, 37; velutinosus, 37 Fungi: growth of certain wood-destroy- ing, in relation to the H-ion concen- tration of the media, 431; some wood- destroying, of Java, 37; studies in the physiology of the, XVII, 43 G gracile (Asterostron gracilis (Solenia), 26 gracilis (Solenia), 15 Grant, Adele Lewis, eenus Mimulus. 9( Hypolyssus, 4; foetidus, 5; Montagnei, 5» 36 I infundibuliformis (Cladoderris), 3 ingainicola (Microstroma), 27 J Java, some wood-destroying fungi of, 37 javensis (Protomerulius), 41, 4S Jefferson Barracks, Mo., type and vari- ation of Manfreda virginica at, 415 Juglandis (Microstroma), 27 K Korthalsii (Fomes), 37 L Lenzites sepiaria, growth of, in relation to the H-ion concentration of the media, 47 Leucogaster and Leucophlebs in North America, 389 Leucogaster, 389; sp., 403; anomalua, 399, 4iO;araneosus, 399,-^/0; badius, 400, 4iO; Bucholtzii, 404; citrinus, 398, 410; floccosus, 402, 4iO; foveo- latus, 397, 410; fragrans, 403; fulvi- maculosus, 401, 410; liosporus, 402; luteo-maculatus, 394, 41O; nudus, 404; odoratus, 396, 4iO; rubescena, 395, 41O; Tozziana, 403, 410 Leucophlebs, 405; g%bbosum, 397; Can- dida, 407, 410; magnata, 406, 4IO Leucophleps, 389; citrina, S98 ; foveolata, 397; odoraia, 396 leucosporum (Microstroma), 27 LfOmatia, 9; salicina, 10 H Harris, J. Arthur. Variation and corre- lation in the inflorescence of Manfreda virginica, 411 Heterochaete tenuicula, 40 Hydnaceae, 39 Hydnangiima liospermum, 407; nudum, 404 Hydnum obnitans, 39, 4^ Hydrogen-ion concentration of the me- dia, growth of certain wood-destroy- mg fungi in relation to the, 43 H:^enochaete muscicola, 31; nigricans, Hymenogaster anomalus. 399 M marasmioides (Craterellus) , 7 marasmioides (Cymatella), 7 Manfreda virginica, variation and cor- relation in the inflorescence of, 411 Matruchotia, 26; varians, 26 Media: growth of certain wood-destroy- ing fungi in relation to the H-ion con- centration of the. 43, 48; peptone- nutrient solution with sugar, 48, without sugar, 48; Richards' E solu- tion, 48 medulla-panis (Poria), 38 Meramec Highlands, Mo., type and vari- ation of Manfreda virginica at, 415 1924 INDEX 463 Microstroma, 26; albus, 27; american- orum, 27; ingainicola, 27; Juglandis. 27; leucosporum, 27 Mimulastrum, 308 Mimulus, a monograph of the, 99 Mimulus, 124; acaulis, 151; acutangulus^ 127; acutidens, 202; acididens, 186, 203; alatus, 131; alatits f. albiflorns, 132; albus, 345; Alecterolophus, 350; alpin'us, 154; alsinoides, 232, var. minimus, 233; alsinoides p paniculatxts^ 232; ampliatus, 214; andicolus, 188; androsaceus, 253 ; angustatus, 315; angustatus, 316; angustifolius, 298; angustifolitis, 135; arenariuSy 215. S84; aridus, 336; arvensis, 174; os- samicus, 206 ; atropurpureus, 32 1 ; aurantiacus, 338; aurantiacics, 146; Austinae, 296; Bakeri, 177; barbatus, 260; X Bartonianus, 347; bicolor, 247, 388; Bigelovii, 277, var. cuspi- dattis, 279; Bigelovii vsx. ovatus, 282; Bioletti, 249; Bodinieri, 208; Bo- landeri, 273, var. brachydontus, 275; breviflorus, 200; brevipes, 270; 6re- vipes, 273; Breweri, 261, 386; Brid- ' gesii, 210, var. integrifolia, 211, var. stolonifera, 211; caespitosus, 154; car- dinalis, 138; cardinalis, 242, var. exsul, 138, var. griseus, 138, var. rigens, 138; Clarkii, 315; clementintts, 159; Clevelandii, 327; clivicola, 297; coccineus, 302; Colensoi, 197; Cong- donii, 311; Congdonii, 317; corallinus, 155; cordatus, 177; X cornation, 347; Coulteri var. angnstatus, 315; crirdtus, 186; Crista-galli^ 350; cupreus, 150; Cusickii, 281 ; cuspidaiiis, 177; de- bilis, 137; decurtatuSi 288; deflexus, 260; deltoideus, 216; densus, 298; dentatus, 209; dentatus var. gracilis, 226; dentilobus, 185; depressus, 186, var. nanus, 187; depressus var. acaulis^ 151, var. Pissi^, 346; diflfusus 254, 378; discolor, 257; Douglasii, 320; Douglasii, 318; Dudley!, 235, 376; X duplex, 347; Eastwoodiae, 242; Eisenii, 183; X Elphinstonea, 347; equinns, 159; erosus, 177; exiguus, 256; exilis, 350; filicaulis, 251 ; floribundus, 216, var. genicula- tus , 220, var. in embranaceus, 221, var. subulatUS^ 222; floribundus minor, 216; formosanay 206; X Forsythiana, 347; Fremontii, 283; geni- culatus, 220; Geyeri, 190; glabratus, 188, var. Fremontiii 190, var. parvi- florus, 194; glabratus var. ascendens, 158, var. Jamesii, 191; glandulosus» 345; glareosusy 177; glaucescens, 175; gluiinosus, 338, var. brachypuSy 328, var. linearis, 334, var, puniceus, 342; gracUipes, 252; gracilis, 134; grandis, 159; grandiflorv^, 159; gratioloides, 266; Grayi, 203, 380; guttatus, 157, var. arvensis, 174, var. decoruSi 173, var. depauperatus, 170, var. Hallii, 172, var. pubemlus, 170; guttatus, 148, var. grandis, 158, var. insignis, 181; Hallii, 172; X Harrisonia, 347; hirsutus, 169, 350; X hybridus, 348; implexus, 151, 155; i?nplicatns, 151; inamoenus, 191; inconspicuus, 204; inconspicuus var. acutidens, 202, var. latidens, 201 ; inodo- rus, 230; Jamesii, 190, var. Fremontii^ 190, var. texensis, 188; javanicus, 350; Jepsonii, 306; Johnstonii, 280; jun- germannioides, 222 ; Kelloggii, 318, 388; Kingii, 194; laciniatus, 183; lanatus, 345; Langsdorfii, 158, 177, var. alpinus, 151, var. argutus, 158, var. arvensis, 174, var. califomicum, 159, var. grandis, 159, var. guttatus, 159, var. insignis, 181, var. micro' phyllus, 171, var. minor, 151, var. nasutv^, 177, var. platyphyllus, 158, var. Tilingi, 155; latifolius, 310; lati- dens, 201; Layneae, 291, 386; Lei- bergii, 231, 380; leptaleus, 304; lep- tanthus, 335 ; Le wisii, 236, 56*-^; Lemsii var. alba, 237, var. exsertus, 237, var. tetonensis, 237, f- tetonensis, 237; hnearis, 136, var. luWa, 137; linearis, 334; longiflorus, 328, 388, var. calycinus, 331, var. linearis, 334, X puniceus, 332, var. rutilus, 333; longipes, 211; longulus, 171; lucens, 155; lugens, 142; luteus, 146, var. alpinus, 149, X var. calycanthemus. 348, var. nummularis, 149, X var. pardinus, 348, var. rivularis, 148, var. variegatus, 148, X var. Wilsoni, 348, var. Yovmgana, 148; luteus, 158, 177, var. alpinus, 151, 154, var. auranli- acus, 146, var. cuprea, 150, var. dc- pauperatus, 170, 177, var. gracilis, 158, subvar. macrophyllus, 146, var. micranthus, 194; lyratus, 158; X Mac- lainianus, 348; X maculatus,^ 348; X maculosus, 348; madagascariensis, 136; madrensis, 191; marmoratus, 174; membranaceu^, 221; mephiticus, 300; micranthus, 1S2; microphyllus, 170; minor, 151; minthodes, 131; minus- cuius, 177; modestus, 317; mohaven- sis, 308; moniliformis, 226; monti- oides, 258; montundes, 264; moschatus, 223, var. longiflorus, 226, 386, var. sessilifolius, 229; moschatus, 226, var. pallidiflorus, 226; nanus, 294; nanus, 187, var. bicolor, 307, a pluriflorus, 294, /3 subuniflarus, 321; nasutua, 177, 388, var. insignis, 181, var. micranthus, 182; Nelsonii, 144; ne- [Vol. 11 464 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN palensis, 206, var. japonica, 207, var. procerus , 207» 374; nepaknsis f . japonica, 207 ; Neubertii, 346 ; ne- vcdeTisis, 243 ; nudatus, 1 76 ; num- mularis^ 149; ocellatus, 148; orbicu- laris, 198; orizabae, 346; pacnystylus, 234; paflens, 185; pallidns, 127; Palmeri, 250; Palmeri var, andro^ saceus, 253; paniculatuSy 159; Parishii, 235; Parishii, 177; Parryi, 276; parviflorus, 344; parviflorus, 194, . fi Bridgesii^ 210; parvulus^ 185; pe- duncuhxisy 213, 216; perfoliatus, 350; pictus, 324; Pilingi, 151; piloselhis, 243; 'piloaiusculus, 187; pilosns, 350; Pissisi, 346; Prattenii, 247; priono- phyllv^^ 159; primuloides, 242, 384, var. linearifoliuSi 246; primuloides var. pilosellus, 243; propinquv^, 194; prostratus, 199; pteropus, 346; pu- hertdv^, 170, 177; pubescens, 216; pul- chellus, 316; Pulsiferae, 211, 388; punctatus, 346 ; puncticalyx, 171 ; puniceus, 342; purpiireus, 255, 378, var. pauxillus, 255; pusillus, 199; pusillus, 135; pygmaeusi 312; quin- quevulnerus, 346; radicans, 350; Rat- tani, 288; reniformis, 191; repens, 197; ringens, 127, var. zninthodes, 131; ringens var. congesta, 127, f. Peckii, 128; rivulariSy 158; Roezli, 151; roseuSj 237, var. ghbrior, 237, var. Maclaini" anus, 348; rubellus, 266 ; ruhellm, 259. 261, var. latiflorus, 259; X rubi- ginosus, 348; rupestris, 142; X san- ' guineus, 348; saxorum, 350; Scouleri, 158, var. caespitosus, 154; serotinus, 216;sessiKfolius, 208; X Seymouriana, 349; XSmithii, 349; Smithii, 149; spissus, 277, 38^; stamineus, 302; BtellatuSy 337; siriatus, 135; strictus, 134; subreniformis, 177; subsecundus* 285, 388, var. constrictus, 287, var. viscidus, 286; subuniflorus, 321;Suks- dorfii, 264; sylvaticus, 187; tenellus, 171, 206; iener, 188; thermalis, 171; X tigridioides, 349; Tilingi, 151, var. caespitosus, 154, var. corallinus, 155; Torreyi, 289; Traskiae, 323; Tre- leasei, 325, 374; tricolor, 313; tricol(yr var. angustatus, 315; Uvedaliae, 136; variegatus, 148; verbenaceus, 142; veronicifolius, 155 ; violaceus, 350; viscidus, 286; viscosus, 338; washing- tonensis, 213; Whipple!, 184; Whit- neyi, 307; x Youngii, 349 niinuna (Cymatella), 6, 36 Monavia, 124 Montagnei (Hypolyssus), 5, 36 touscicola (Hymenochaete), 31 N nigricans (Hymenochaete), 40 nigricans (Protocoronospora), 27 nothopns (Polystictns), 38, 4^ notopu^ (Polyporus), 38 o obrutans (Hydnum), 39, 4^ obscurans (Stereiun), 39, 4^ ochracea {SoUnia), 19 ochrostroma (Asterostroma), 34 Octaviania liosperma, 407; (Gautieriaf) pityopMla, 402; silesiaca, 402 Oenoe, 309 P palliduin (Asterostroma), 29 Paradanthus, 195 pectinatus (Fomes), 37 Peptone-nutrient solution, 49 Persoonii (Polystictus), 39 Peziza anomala, 19; Daedalea, 23; poriae- formis, 23; pruinata, 23; stipata, 19; tephrosia, 23 Pholiota adiposa, growth of, in relation to the H-ion concentration of the media, 47 Pleurotus ostreatus, growth of, in re- lation to H-ion concentration of the media, 47 Polyporaceae, 37 polyporoidea (Solenia), 16 Polyporus adustus, growth of, in relation to H-ion concentration of the media, 47 Polyporus notoptis, 38 Polystictus elongatus, 37; nothopus, 38, 42; Persoonii, 39; spadiceus, 38; versicolor, growi^h of, in relation to H-ion concentration of the media, 47 Poria meduUa-panis, 38, sp., 39 poriaeformis (Peziza), 23 poriaeformis (Solenia), 23 poriaeformis (Solenia), 23 Protocoronospora, 27; nigricans, 27 Protomerullus javensis, 41, 4^ pruinata (Peziza), 23 Pseudoenoe, 323 pubescens (Stereum), 10 pulverulenta (Cymatella), 7, 36 jndverulentus (Craterellus) , 7 muscicolum (Ast R Richards' E solution, 48 rutilans (Cytidia), 10 1924] INDEX 465 s salicina (Cytidia), 10 salicina (Lomatia), 10 salicina (Thelephora), 10 salicinum {Cortidum), 10 Schizoplacus, 268 Schizophyllum commune, growth of, in relation to the H-ion concentration of the media, 47 Simiolus, 145, 195 Skepperia, 8; spathularia, 8, 36 Solenia, 13; anomala, 19; anomala yar. ochracea, 19; anomaloides, 19; Candida, 14; cinerea, 22; conferta, 17; confusa, 1 9 ; endophila, 25 ; f ascicnlata, 15 ; filicina, 18; gracilis, 26; gracilis, 15; ochracea, 19; polyporoidea, 16;poriae- f ormis, 23 ; poriaeformis, 23 ; sub- poriaefonuis, 24; sulphurea, 18; vil- losa, 26; villosa, 18, var. polyporoidea, 16 spadiceus (Polystictus), 38 spathularia (Skepperia), 8, 36 spathularitis (Craierellus) p 8 spiniferuzn ( Asterostroma) , 33 Stereum obsciiranSi 39, 4^; pvbescens, 10 stipaia (Peziza), 19 subporiaefonuis (Solenia), 24 sulphurea (Solenia) , 18 Synplacns, 126 T Temperature, relation of, to growth of wood-destroying fungi, 90 tenuicula (Heterochaete), 40 Uphrosia (Peziza), 23 Thelephora flocculenta, 9; salicina, 10 Thelephoraceae of North America, XIII, 1 Trametes corrugata, 39 tremellosa (Cytidia), 12. 36 Tropanthus, 324 u Uvedalia, 124; linearis. 136 the V varians (Matruchotia), 26 Variation and correlation in tne in- florescence of Manfreda virginica, 411 velutinosus (Fomes), 37 vniosa (Solenia), 26 trilhsa (Solenia), 18, var. polpyporoidea, 16 w Wolpert, F. S. Studies in the physi- ology of the fungi, XVII. The growth of certain wood-destroying fungi in relation to the H-ion concen- tration of the media, 43 z ZeDer, S. M., and Dodge, C. W- gaster and Leucophlebs " America, 389 m Leuco- North STAFF OF THE MTSSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN GEOur BenjasiT^x m. Dtiggar, Phy »n chars'** nf Graduate laboratory. Hi MA^^ VON Patnologist, Jwmm "vi Gree », Curacor of the Herbarium Mycologist aast Librarian D7- .^/^ ■ b ^^^ORE. fjnr:*?? A ^ntJ"r>c!r\-*^ ' let n ^ '^^ V FCTM^ ^'ii apit. Res i_ ,-l;ap^ li.ATt.^ .^ ^. Secrt: V Xell O. ti i^v r of Pubiica- ^. BOARD OF TRLoiEES OF THE :jJ««OUrj BOTANir\r, GARDEN Presuj.<.nl EL >T>a ^R T - T D-A V ID o- rf . i ^■^ ^ f;^ ~ IS. Edward C. I CK. Thc- . M/ ^ e *T ■7 /I T ■"1 -->+" «T >i;! !-■ h.