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Poy CHE
A Journal of Entomology
Volume 63
1956
Editorial Board
FRANK M. CARPENTER, Editor P. J. DARLINGTON, JR.
W. L. BROWN, JR. JOSEPH C. BEQUAERT
EK. O. WILSON
Published Quarterly by the Cambridge Entomological Club
Editorial Office; Biological Laboratories
Harvard University
Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.
The numbers of Psyche issued during the past year were
mailed on the following dates:
Vol. 62, no. 4, Dec., 1955: April 25, 1956
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PSYC
AT JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY
EsTABLISHED IN 1874
March, 1956 | No. 1
Vol. 63
0G
hn
PAB EE On (CONMIN TES
| Austrahan Carabid Beevles IM Notes’ om the »Acoumin 2. Je
Darlington, Jr. p i : : ceil
Symbrenthia silana de Niceville, a Good Species (Lepidoptera:
Nymphalidae). N. W. Gillham .. : : ; : lel
Drosophilid and Chloropid Fles Bred from Skunk Cabbage. W. JL.
Brown, Jr. : : i : i ! , : ; : te
The Genus*'Mesentotoma (Collembola: Entomobryidae). KK. A.
Ciintswiansen ie. : : ; ; ; 5 14
Feeding Behavior in the Ant Rhopalothrix birot Szab6. HLH. O. Wilson 21
A New Southwestern Species of Mallota Meigen (Diptera: Svrphidae).
LEVELS ie ; é ; ; Oe
Nymphalhs vau-album (Schiffermuller & Denis), a Holaretic Species
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). N. W. Gillham : Sad
Two New Species of Hmelinus from Arizona (Coleoptera: Aderidae).
F. G. Werner : ; i / ; ; : : ; 2 6) BO)
Some Syncnymies in the Ant Genus Camponotus. W. L. Brown, Jr. 38
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PSYCHE
Vol. 63 March, 1956 No. 1
AUSTRALIAN CARABID BEETLES III.
NOTES ON THE AGONINE?
By P. J. DARLINGTON, JR.
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
One of the interesting things in the geography of cara-
bid beetles is that certain dominant groups of them have
complementary distributions. For example, among small,
ground-living but non-fossorial Carabidae, the great genus
Tachys is dominant in the tropics but diminishes north-
ward and southward; and it is largely replaced in the
north-temperate zone and to some extent in some south-
temperate areas by another great, related genus, Bembi-
dion, which is very poorly represented in the tropics (cf.
Darlington, Coleopterists’ Bulletin Vol. 7, No. 2, 1953, pp.
12-16).
Two other tribes of larger Carabidae which have some-
what complementary distributions are the Pterostichini
and Agonini. These tribes are only partly and very com-
plexly complementary. Both are in fact cosmopolitan, but
unevenly so. In some places, they occur in nearly equal
numbers; in other places, Pterostichini are overwhelmingly
dominant; and in others, Agonini are so.
These tribes tend to be complementary within the Aus-
tralian region. In Australia itself and Tasmania Ptero-
stichini are dominant, with more than 350 known species
against only about 20 species of Agonini in the same area.
But in New Guinea Agonini are dominant, with 107 known
full species and 14 additional geographical. subspecies
1Published with a grant from the Museum of Comparative Zoology
at Harvard College. zs
2 Psyche [Sheree
(Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. 107, No. 3, 1952,
pp. 89-252, pls.) against only about 20-odd species of
Pterostichini (in material assembled for study but not
yet formally studied).
One reason for the number of Agonini in New Guinea
is that species of this tribe have multiplied on the moun-
tains there, in forest at middle and high altitudes. Some
of them occur even in the high grasslands above the
forest line, at 11,000 feet or higher, where the climate is
colder than it is in much of Australia. In Australia, how-
ever, Pterostichini, not Agonini, have multiplied on the
mountains. Why this should be so is not immediately
apparent. The Australian mountains are lower, but this
does not account for the difference. On the Atherton
Tableland and elsewhere in tropical Queensland in north-
eastern Australia, at altitudes of 2,000 or 3,000 feet, are
big tracts of full-scale rainforest (called “‘scrub” in Aus-
tralia) entirely comparable to the rainforests of New
Guinea and containing some of the same species of trees.
This kind of forest in New Guinea is inhabited by many
Agonini and few Pterostichini; but in Australia, by few
Agonini and many Pterostichini, most of the latter belong-
ing to Australian genera which do not reach New Guinea
at all. I have collected extensively in both the Australian
and New Guinean rainforests, and I can testify from my
own experience that the pterostichine-agonine faunas of
the two places are unexpectedly and profoundly different
—in spite of the fact that they share some identical
species!
This difference can hardly be accounted for in simple
ecological terms but is probably due to a complex combina-
tion of ecological, historical, and geographical factors.
Over the world as a whole, there is a tendency for Agonini
to be better represented in the tropics; Pterostichini, in
the temperate zones; although this zonal complementarity
is not strongly defined. Also it is probable that the Agonini
are more recent in origin than the Pterostichini and that
they have dispersed more recently, although the dispersal
of each group has been very complex, and although even
the Agonini dispersed long enough ago to have reached all
1956] Darlington — Australian Carabidae as
parts of the world and to have differentiated to some
extent in different regions. I base this guess, of the more
recent rise and dispersal of Agonini, chiefly on the lesser
diversity of this tribe as compared with the Pterostichini.
If all this is correct, it may be guessed that Pterostichini
are dominant in Australia partly because Australia is
more temperate than tropical in climate, and partly be-
cause the Pterostichini reached Australia before Agonini
did; and it may be guessed that Agonini are dominant in
New Guinea partly because the climate there is fully
tropical, and partly because the carabid fauna of New
Guinea is more recent in its origins than that of Australia.
Add to this that the mountain carabid faunas of Aus-
tralia and New Guinea have been derived independently,
each from the lowland fauna adjacent to it, and not by
dispersal along a connecting mountain chain, and we have
an adequate and probably correct explanation of the un-
expected difference in composition of the carabid faunas
in the mountain rainforests of Australia and New Guinea.
Whether or not this explanation is correct, the situa-
tion among Carabidae suggests that, although Australia
and New Guinea were connected by land at times in the
Pleistocene (perhaps as recently as ten thousand years
ago) and although some species crossed the connection,
rainforest and mountain habitats were not fully con-
tinuous and whole faunas were not exchanged.
Sloane (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. 35, 1910, pp.
453-458) revised the Australian Agonini (“‘Sphodrini’’)
known to him, recognizing 4 genera and 10 species not
including Homothes, which he transferred to this tribe
(“Anchomenini’”’) in 1920 (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Vol.
45, p. 164). However, some of his generic assignments,
although correct according to the usage of his time, are
now known to be wrong and misleading. I therefore offer
the following new key to the Australian genera of Agonini
(Sphodrini, Anchomenini). This key is still preliminary
in some ways, but it puts the Australian forms in line
with the New Guinean ones and disposes of the most mis-
leading assignments.
The following key applies only to Australian species of
4
Psyche [March
the genera in question. In the case of genera represented
in Australia by single species, the species are character-
ized and named in the key. A comparable key to New
Guinean Agonini is given in my paper cited above, pages
114-116.
nS
oo
KX
©
Preliminary key to Australian genera of Agonini
Tarsi sparsely pubescent above; tarsal claws serrate
on inner edge in basal half; (relatively large, c. 13-15
mm., dull black; introduced) .... Laemostenus com-
planatus Dej.
Tarsi not pubescent above; claws not serrate .... 2
Tarsal claws each with an acute tooth on inner edge
at base; (winged, brown, rather slender, prothorax
suboval)ia.. eee Dicranoncus queenslandicus (Sl.)
Tansale claws not stoobtimed. yes sas 3
Wings full and all normal setae of head and pronotum
PYCSENU 205, 2 oR a ee ee ee A
Wings vestigial and/or one or more pairs of supraocu-
lar or lateral prothoracic setae absent .......... qT
Sole of hind tarsus with a single, regular row of
bristles on each side, with middle of sole bare; (slightly
aeneous, Agonum-like) ...... Lorostemma cooki (SI.)
Bristles of hind-tarsal sole not as above ........ 5
Brown, bronzed, or black; last hind-tarsal segment
without accessory setae at sides below; elytra (in
Australian species) not spined .......... Notagonum
Purple (or blue), at least on elytra ............ 6
Last hind-tarsal segment with accessory setae; elytra
not spined; (prothorax narrow; elytra wide, purple)
ae ie er a er Colpodes porphyriacus (Sl.)
Last hind-tarsal segment without accessory setae;
elytra spined at apex about opposite second intervals;
(prothorax rather wide; color purple or bluish-purple)
AON te Winae 2k 8 Violagonum (n. gen.) violaceum (Chd.)
Wings full; humeri normal; (depressed; dull brown
or black, often margined or finely speckled with pale)
ee Rr ee ee ME OM i ein pe aA eee Homothes
Wings vestigial; humeri dentate; (convex; shining
black) (25.3 Odontagonum (n. gen.) nigrum Nn. sp.
1956] Darlington — Australian Carabidae )
list of genera
Laemostenus (or Laemosthenes) is a Palearctic genus.
L. complanatus Dej. is native to the sub-desert regions of
North Africa. It has been introduced around the Mediter-
ranean, on several Atlantic islands, in western North
America, southern South America, and parts of Australia
and Tasmania, etc.
Dicranoncus is a mainly Oriental genus. D. queens-
landicus (Sl.) extends from India and the Philippines
to North Queensland. In the Philippines (on Luzon) I
found it living in clumps of tall grass in open country.
Lorostemma is an Oriental-Australian genus. L. cooki
(Sl.) occurs from North Queensland south at least to
Brisbane, where I took a series in flood debris in Oct.-
Nov., 1948. It resembles L. informalis Darl. of New
Guinea, but has a smaller prothorax with narrower mar-
gins. I have not made a more detailed comparison.
Notagonum is a genus of convenience, proposed for a
number of relatively unspecialized New Guinean species
which resemble the northern Agonuwm but do not really
belong to it. I tentatively assign to Notagonum about 8
Australian species. Most of them have heretofore been
listed as Agonum, Platynus, Anchomenus, or Europhilus,
but these genera are all primarily northern and do not
occur in the Australian Region. I shall not discuss these
species in detail, except (below) to record one of them
from Australia for the first time and to describe another
as new.
Colpodes, as used here, is another genus of convenience
not sharply separable from Notagonum, but containing
usually more specialized, larger, often more brightly
colored, often arboreal rather than terrestrial species.
The only Australian species here assigned to Colpodes is
porphyriacus (Sl.), which is known to me only by descrip-
tion. Of two other ‘‘Colpodes” listed by Sloane (1910),
one (laferter Mont.) is here tentatively assigned to
Notagonum, and the other (violaceus Chd.) is placed in a
new genus (below).
6 Psyche stoner
Violagonum is a new, monotypic genus proposed for
Colpodes violaceus Chd. of New Guinea ete. and North
Queensland.
Homothes is a primarily Australian genus, with half a
dozen or more species in Australia and Tasmania. The
genus is now known to have an endemic species also in
Java and Luzon (Louwerens, in Treubia, Vol. 21, 1952,
10. AlS217)) .
[Aeolodermus emarginatus (Chd.), related to Homothes
and described as from Victoria, is probably not Australian.
It occurs from the Malay Peninsula to Celebes and the
Philippines. |
Odontagonum is a new, monotypic genus based on a
new species from North Queensland.
This list of genera shows that the native Agonini of
Australia, heretofore thought to include geographically
isolated representatives of several north-temperate genera,
actually consist of the following:
Two chiefly Oriental genera which extend to north-
eastern Australia: Dicranoncus is represented in Aus-
tralia by a widely distributed Indo-Australian species;
Lorostemma, by a slightly defined endemic species.
One mainly New Guinean genus and species, Vio-
lagonum violaceum, which extends to North Queensland
without differentiation.
Two tentative genera of convenience, Notagonum and
Colpodes, with about 9, mostly relatively unspecialized
Australian species. One of these species, Notagonum
dentellum, is mainly New Guinean; 1, Notagonum lafer-
tei, shared with New Caledonia; and 1, Notagonum sub-
metallicum, shared with New Zealand.
One genus, Homothes, which is chiefly Australian
but represented in Java etc. by an endemic species.
And one probably autochthonous (but not necessarily
very old), flightless genus and species, Odontagonum
nigrum, confined to North Queensland.
The general nature of this fauna is consistent with the
Agonini being relatively recent in Australia, and having
accumulated there by successive arrivals from (or ex-
changes with) the Orient and New Guinea.
1956 ] Darlington — Australian Carabidae i
New records and descriptions
Notagonum dentellum Darl.
Darlington 1952, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. 107, 147.
This species, which is widely distributed in New Guinea,
occurs also in North Queensland. I took two specimens
of it at Millaa Millaa, on the Atherton Tableland, in April,
QRZ.
Notagonum nigrellum n. sp.
With characters of genus as defined in my paper on
New Guinean Agonini, pages 127-129. Form of rather
slender Agonum; black, appendages dark, margins of
prothorax and elytra not pale; upper surface moderately
shining, not iridescent, not punctate; microsculpture iso-
diametric on head, slightly transverse on pronotum and
elytra. Head .77 and .77 (in ¢ @ measured) width
prothorax; eyes large, moderately prominent; posterior
supraocular setae about between posterior edges of eyes.
Prothorax: width/length 1.29 and 1.29 (in ¢@ meas-
ured); base/apex 1.32 and 1.25; sides rather broadly
arcuate, sometimes subangulate at anterior marginal setae,
converging and nearly straight or slightly sinuate before
posterior angles; latter obtuse, usually slightly blunted;
lateral margins rather narrow; basal foveae rather shal-
low, not or vaguely punctuate; anterior marginal line
entire or nearly so, posterior one vague at middle. EHlytra
moderately wide; humeri rounded, sides behind humeri
nearly straight and slightly diverging, then increasingly
arcuate to moderate subapical sinuations; apices rounded
or slightly denticulate (variable) at sutural angles; striae
well impressed, not or faintly punctulate; intervals mod-
erately convex, outer ones not much modified toward apex,
srd with 3 normally placed punctures. Lower surface
virtually impunctate; abdomen not pubescent. Fourth hind-
tarsal segment rather deeply emarginate but not strongly
lobed. Length, about 8-9; width, 2.9-3.4 mm.
Holotype ¢ (M. C. Z. Type No. 29,461) and 22 para-
types all from Mt. Kosciusco, 5,000-7,000 ft. altitude,
Dec. 1931, taken by myself probably (if my memory is
correct) beside brooks.
8 Psyche [March
This new species is probably related to Notagonwm
(“Anchomenus’’) marginellus (Er.), but differs from it
and from other related species in being entirely black
and in having narrower prothoracic margins.
Violagonum n. gen.
Broad Agonum-like in form; color (in single known
species) purple or purplish-blue. Head rather short (not
elongate as in Colpodes) ; mentum toothed; mouth parts
and antennae normal; both pairs supraocular setae pres-
ent. Prothorax rather wide, with usual 2 pairs laterai
pronotal setae. Elytra each with a spine at apex about
opposite 2nd interval; striae normal; intervals normal
except 9th narrowed apically (above subapical sinua-
tions) ; 3rd normally 3-punctate. Inner wings full. Legs
and tarsi normally agonine; tibiae not sulcate on outer
edges; hind tarsi suleate on each side above, with setae
not forming single regular rows on each side below; 4th
hind-tarsal segment lobed, outer lobe much longer than
inner; 5th hind-tarsal segment without obvious accessory
setae; claws simple. External sexual characters normal
for tribe. Genotype: Colpodes violaceus Chd.
Although the species for which this new genus is pro-
posed was, as a matter of convenience, left in Co!’podes in
my paper on New Guinean Agonini, it is not a true
Colpodes. The short head particularly distinguishes it.
The position of the elytral spines distinguishes it from
the few species of Notagonwm that have spines: in
Notagonum, the spines (when present) are about op-
posite the ends of the 3rd elytral intervals. The lobes
of the 4th hind-tarsal segment are longer than in most
Notagonum. And the general form and color of Violagonum
are distinctive, though not themselves of generic value.
Odontagonum n. gen.
Genus proposed for one medium-sized, flightless, convex
Agonum-like species with two characters which, so far
as I know, are unique among Agonini: antennae pube-
scent from the middle of the 3rd (not 4th) segments, and
humeri toothed. Since the genus is based on one species,
other generic and specific characters are all combined in
1956 | Darlington — Australian Carabidae 9
the following specific description. Genotype: Odontagonum
nigrum n. sp., below.
Odontagonum nigrum n. sp.
Form of a broad, very convex Agonum; black, mod-
erately shining, not iridescent, legs brownish black, anten-
nae and mouth parts brown; upper surface impunctate
except for fixed setigerous punctures; microsculpture light
but normal, approximately isodiametric on head, trans-
verse on pronotum, more transverse and oblique on elytral
disk. Head rather elongate, only .57 and .59 width pro-
thorax (in é¢@ measured); eyes much less prominent
than in typical Agonum but not much reduced otherwise;
genae rather short, oblique, slightly arcuate; anterior
supraocular setae absent, posterior ones present, about
between posterior edges of eyes; antennae rather short
(in tribe), normal except pubescent from middle of 3rd
(not 4th) segments; mandibles, maxillae, and maxillary
palpi all longer and more slender than usual in tribe;
labial palpi shorter and stouter; mentum with triangular
tooth; neck constriction weak; frontal sulci rather deep,
linear, curved; clypeal suture distinct. Prothorax rather
large, more narrowed in front than behind; width/length
1.18 and 1.11 (in ¢ © measured) ; base/apex 1.3-++; sides
arcuate (not strongly) for most of length, less so or
straight toward base; basal angles rather narrowly
rounded; anterior angles slightly produced, rather nar-
rowly rounded; lateral margins wide posteriorly, nar-
rowed anteriorly, rather strongly reflexed, each with seta
about 1/3 from apex but none at base; disk convex; basal
foveae moderate, not sharply defined, not punctate; middle
line well impressed from extreme base nearly to apex;
transverse impressions less defined; base not or vaguely
margined; apical marginal line distinct at sides, vague
at middle. Elytra 1.32 and 1.31 width prothorax (in ¢ 9
measured), convex; basal margin strong and entire;
humeri dentate; sides arcuate (only slightly so at middle),
with moderate subapical sinuations; apices bluntly sub-
acute but not produced; lateral margins rather wide,
forming slightly convex 10th intervals; sutural striae
absent; other striae entire, deep, impunctate; intervals
10 Psyche [Akesecn
convex, 7th subcostate in about anterior 1/2 of length,
outer ones not much modified toward apex, 3rd with 1
setigerous puncture, near middle of length. Inner wings
evidently vestigial; metepisterna scarcely longer than wide.
Lower surface impunctate; abdomen not pubescent. Tibiae
not sulecate on outer edges; hind tarsi slender, not dis-
tinctly grooved above; 4th hind-tarsal segment simply
emarginate; 5th segment with 2 or 3 accessory setae
each side below. External sexual characters normal; 4
front tarsi more widely dilated than usual in tribe. Length
about 11.0-11.5; width about 4.0-4.3 mm.
Holotype (M. C. Z. Type No. 29,462) ¢ from Millaa
Millaa, Atherton Tableland, North Queensland, 2,500 ft.
altitude. Two (46 2) paratypes from Lake Barrine, Ather-
ton Tableland, 2,300 ft. All specimens taken by myself
in “scrub” (rainforest), in April, 1932.
SYMBRENTHIA SILANA DE NICEVILLE, A GOOD
SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)
By NICHOLAS W. GILLHAM
Biological Laboratories, Harvard University
While revising the Nymphalid tribe Vanessini I have
had occasion to make a number of genitalic preparations
from males and females of most of the species belonging
to the genus Symbrenthia'. A study of these preparations
has revealed that Symbrenthia silana de Niceville is a
distinct species, and not a subspecies of Symbrenthia nip-
handa Moore as Fruhstorfer? maintains. The males of
both species have very distinct genitalia and can also be
told apart by several minute differences in the external
facies. Females of stlana were no available for study in
the material at hand so the following diagnosis is ap-
plicable to the males of the two species only.
Symbrenthia niphanda Moore
Figs. 1-Z
Symbrenthia niphanda Moore, 1872. Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1872:559. Type locality: Sikkim, India, de-
scribed from a 6 anda Q.
External facies. 1. Eyespot between M, and M3; on
underside of hindwing only slightly elongate as compared
with those on either side of it. 2. Marginal green lunules
on underside of hindwing crescentic in shape with an
orange spot separating them from the blue marginal spot
at the outer angle. 3. Forewing below bearing five or
six black spots between Cus and 2dA.
Male genitalia (Figs. 1 & 2). 1. Aedeagus short and
thick. 2. Saccus very short and narrow. 3. Valve bear-
"Most of the material examined is in the collection of the U.S. Na-
tional Museum and is under the care of Mr. William D. Field, who
was kind enough to let me make full use of it.
?Fruhstorfer, H. 1912. In Seitz, The Macrolepidoptera of the World,
9 :533.
1]
12 Psyche [March
ing a single caudal prong. 4. Uncus flanked by two well
developed prongs.
Distribution. This species is recorded from Sikkim and
Bhutan by Fruhstorfer, loc. cit., and I have seen a male
from Assam (U.S. National Museum Collection).
Symbrentia silana de Niceville
Figs. 3-4
Symbrenthia silana de Niceville, 1885. J. Asiatic Soc.
Bengal 54:117. Type locality: Buxa, Bhutan, and Sik-
kim, India, described from a male and female.
External facies. 1. Eyespot between M, and Ms; on
underside of hindwing very elongate as compared with
those on either side of it. 2. Marginal green lunules on
underside of hindwing chevron shaped and continuous with
the marginal spot at the outer angle. 3. Forewing below
bearing three or four black spots between Cus and 2dA.
Male genitalia (Figs. 3 & 4). 1. Aedeagus long and
i
Fig. 1. Male genitalia of Symbrenthia niphanda Moore with the
aedeagus and left valve removed. The locality from which this speci-
men came is unknown. Fig. 2. Aedeagus of the genitalia in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Symbrenthia silana de Niceville with the
aedeagus and left valve removed. This specimen was collected at
Sivoke, Sikkim. Fig. 4. Aedeagus of the genitalia in Fig. 3. All views
are of the lateral aspect at 45x. Both specimens are in the collection of
the U.S. National Museum.
wes] Gulham — Symbrenthia silana 13
tapering. 2. Saccus moderately long and thick. 3. Valve
bearing a caudal and a darsal prong. 4. Uncus flanked
by two poorly developed prongs.
Distribution. This species is only known from Sikkim
and Bhutan.
DROSOPHILID AND CHLOROPID FLIES BRED FROM SKUNK
CABBAGE. — During May and June, 1956, I collected a
great many rotting spathes of skunk cabbage, Symplo-
carpus foetidus L. (Nutt.) from a shady red maple swamp
in Lexington, Massachusetts. These were placed in a
cloth-covered jar, and from 10-20 days later, a succession
of small Diptera emerged. The first flies were small
psychodids, still undetermined. Two days later, several
Drosophila qunaria Loew adults appeared, plus a single
small damaged Drosophila, possibly D. transversa or near.
Following the first drosophilids by 2-3 days were numerous
chloropid adults: about 100 Elachiptera costata (Loew)
and 2 each of EF. nigriceps (Loew) and EL. erythropleura
Sabrosky, as well as two specimens of Tricimba lineella
(Fall.). Drosophila was also reared later from rotting
skunk cabbage leaf petioles that were macerated and left
exposed for a week in the same swamp during June; the
emergents were all or nearly all D. quinaria, and this
species was also collected resting on skunk cabbage leaves
at the same locality. D. quinaria does not come to baits
of watermelon and other rotting fruits placed in the
swamp, though numerous other Drosophila and Chymomyza
were attracted in this way. I owe the determinations to
Dr. Curtis W. Sabrosky, Dr. A. H. Sturtevant, and Dr.
Marshall R. Wheeler. — W. L. BROWN, JR., Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
THE GENUS MESENTOTOMA
(COLLEMBOLA: ENTOMOBRYIDAE)
By KENNETH A. CHRISTIANSEN
Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa
In 1942 Salmon described a new genus and species of
littoral Collembola under the name of Mesentotoma exalga.
As he pointed out, these animals had a number of peculiar
characteristics, not the least of which was the littoral
habitat. Two species previously described as members of
the genus Entomobrya also display many of these peculiar
characteristics, including the littoral habitat. These are
E.. laguna Bacon and LE. dollfust Denis, and both are
clearly separated from the remainder of the members of
Entomobrya. Of the three species mentioned above, dollfusi
is most similar to the members of the genus Hntomobrya,
and laguna is least so. In text-figure one below, it can
be seen that the three species give the appearance of
steps in a linear series of species, becoming more differen-
tiated from the typical Entomobrya body structure. The
differences between dollfust and the typical Entomobrya
species is so great that it is difficult to tell to what group
of the genus it is allied. The most likely candidate ap-
pears to be the EH. marginata group, and if we accept
this hypothesis, then the idea of a linear relationship
among the species is considerably reinforced by the struc-
ture of the male genital plate and the empodial appendage.
While the basal position of dollfusi is fairly clear, some
specializations of exalga would tend to indicate that it is
not directly ancestral to laguna, although much less dif-
ferentiated from the members of the genus Entomobrya.
In the remainder of this paper the genus is redefined, and
the three species belonging to it are described and figured.
Although the unusual habitat makes this animal difficult
to find, eventually more species will probably be turned
14
1956] Christiansen — Mesentotoma 15
up, and these may serve to fill out some of the blank spots
in the phylogeny of the group.
Genus Mesentotoma Salmon
Mesentotoma Salmon, 1942. Records of Dominion Museum,
18 BYS.'559).
Body form oval to elliptical, circular in cross section.
Antennae. Lengths of segments variable, commonly 1-2.
5-2.5-3. Second segment with a more or less definite
indication of basal subsegmentation. Apical bulb of fourth
antennal segment present or lacking. Head oval, only
slightly longer than broad. Labral papillae lacking setae.
Labial appendage with a well developed differentiated
external seta. Legs with all setae ciliate except for normal
apical internal smooth setae on third pair of legs. Tenent
hair clavate or acuminate. Empodial appendage quadrilam-
melate, widened for basal one-half to one-third of length
and sharply acuminate for apical remainder. Internal
distal edge often excavate. Unguis with from two to
four internal teeth. The basal pair enlarged, often basally
joined. Internal teeth large, basal in position and usually
heavily reinforced. External teeth small or wanting.
Mucro lacking basal spine, with small anteapical and large
apical teeth.
Mesentotoma exalga Salmon
Figs. 8-10
Mesentotoma exalga Salmon, 1942. Records of Dominion
Museum, 1: 58,59.
Color and pattern. Background color yellow, pigment
blue as follows: all of antennal segments two, three, and
four; basal and apical rings on antennal segment one,
plus ventral surface of this segment; ring around each
antennal base and a connecting band. Small irregular
spots over surface of head and a V-shaped mark in mid-
region. Thoracic segment three through abdominal seg:
ment three largely blue except for scattered small pale
spots and pale regions along the posterior edges of dorsum
of abdominal segments one and two. Anterior and posterior
margins of abdominal segment four with large oval dark
areas. Anterior margin of fifth and all of sixth segment
dark. Distal part of legs slightly darkened, remainder
16 Psyche March
of body pale. Head. Labial appendage with external dif-
ferentiated seta slender, acuminate, reaching only two-
thirds of the distance from base of seta to apex of same
papilla. Labral papillae rounded. Fourth segment with
apical pit, but no retractile bulb. Legs. Smooth setae
on third pair of legs slightly curved. Tenent hair with
clavate tip very flat and thin. Unguis with three or four
internal teeth, basal pair large, remainder small to minute.
Lateral teeth very large, basal in position and reinforced
by heavy ridges. Empodial appendage triangular, strongly
o == G So
— ” mo Cc
oS = = 3
c a S oO
rc) ro) o &
- DO
= :
= = =
WwW
Labral ~\~—
A haey. Yanan aX aval aun IY
Apex of = Ain Ce |
antenna ae, ; antennal length 3.25, 5 BH :
length of pterothorax 2.76, 2.95, 3.04, 3.2; length of third
abdominal tergite ¢ 5.9, 5.9.
Holotype ¢ and allotype ¢: Baker, San Bernardino Co.,
Calif., Aug. 23, 1952 (UCLA). Type deposited in the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences, allotype in the UCLA Col-
lection. Paratypes: Yermo, San Bernardino Co., Calif.,
10-4-49, 1 6 1 ¢,J. M. Stern (Adams Collection).
This is a pale yellow species, somewhat resembling #.
pallidus in color. The elongate labial palpi immediately dis-
tinguish it from all other species of Hesperoleon save
longipalpis (Hagen).° In longipalpis, the vertex marks are
well pigmented, even in pale specimens; the antennal band
on pale specimens consists of a spot under, and one lateral
to, each antennal base. The ventral spots become confluent
medially on darker specimens. In deflexus, the antennal
band does not extend below the antennal bases, and the
lateral spot is weak, connected to the antennal band above.
In longipalpis, the male has short ectoprocts, long in de-
flexus. The internal genitalia are similar, longipalpis hav-
ing somewhat longer and sharper paramere hooks.
Hesperoleon minutus, new species
Figures 6, 13-16
Face pale, interantennal band straight-margined above,
below emarginate, often with median extension toward cly-
peus. First vertex row a short band each side, and median
wide cordate mark. Behind is a pair of submedian dots,
then a pair of lateral dots on each side; posteriorly a tri-
angular dark mark. Labial palpi about 1.5 times the length
5Hesperoleon longipalpis (Hagen) 1888 nov. comb. Banks made this
species the type of his genus Scotoleon; it is merely a Hesperoleon with
long labial palpi.
1956] Adams — Myrmeleontidae 101
of fore tarsus, the terminal segment dark, strongly swollen;
maxillary palpi pale; scape pale, dark below; pedicel in-
fuscated dorsally; flagellar segments dark with wide apical
pale bands.
Median pronotal stripes united behind furrow; before
furrow divergent, usually separated by pale. Lateral stripes
well separated from medians, narrow, anterior ends curv-
ed mesad. Marginal stripes absent. Mesoscutellum with two
stripes, narrow anteriorly, well separated. Metascutellar
stripes fused for about 14 their length.
Fore coxae pale with basal and apical dark areas on
lateral surface. Mid and hind coxae dark basally, grading
to pale apically. Femora dotted with dark, the dots often
confluent, particularly on posterior side of fore femur,
anterior side of mid femur, and on hind femur; tibiae with
dark subbasal (faint on hind leg), preapical (absent on
hind leg), and apical bands; fore and mid tibiae dotted with
dark. Tarsomeres pale with apical dark bands, third and
fourth often wholly dark.
Abdomen ( ¢ ): dark, second tergite with basal and apical
pale spots; third, fourth, and fifth with a pale band each
side, wider at base, middle, and apex of segments; sixth,
seventh, and eighth tergites with pale basal, intermediate,
and apical pale spots each side. Ectoprocts short, conical,
divergent. Posterior margin of ninth sternite with tooth-
like projection. Gonarcus and parameres (Figures 15, 16):
mediuncus long; inner margin of parameres curves out-
ward at hinge to form a high, thin strut, bracing hook.
(¢@): dark, second tergite pale basally and apically, third
to seventh tergites with pale basal, intermediate, and apical
spots each side, third and fourth sternites pale apically.
Setae on legs mostly white, on thorax white, on abdomen
short, white, a few dark on apical segments. Hind spurs
as long as 1 14 tarsomeres.
Wings: venation pale, interrupted with dark at inter-
sections of cross veins; most cross veins dark. Dark marks
at base of stigma, both ends of hypostigmatic cell, along
CuA, in a line from rhegma toward tip of wing, and at end
of CuAs,. On hind wing a dark spot at base of stigma, other-
wise unmarked.
102 Psyche [Scptember
In fore wing 3 presectoral cross veins (rarely 2), 6-9
branches of Rs+MA, CuF at or before origin of RS+MA;
8-10 cubital cross veins, not anastomosed; 8 or 9 anal vein-
lets, not anastomosed. Hind wing; 1-3, usually 2, presac-
torals, 5-8 branches of Rs+MA, CuF before origin of
Rs-+ MA.
Measurements (means, in mm.): body length ¢ 17.6,
2 16.7; abdomen ¢ 13.7, ¢ 12.0; fore wing, length ¢ 18.5,
© 1k, walla 6 BH, @ ABs joierolnorax 6 23, @ Ze wowed
ANKCOTUIOe era A S.A, 2 B.A? amemmae 6 35, @ Bie
third segment, labial palpi, length ¢ 0.68, ¢ 0.83, width
& Qsl9, @ Ozh.
California: Riverside Co.: Cathedral City, VII-24-50,
é, L. W. Isaak (UCD) (holotype, deposited in the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences), VII-21-52, ¢, B. W. Tinglof
(UCLA); Indian Wells, VI-17-52, ¢, VII-11-52, 9
(UCLA); Blythe, 17 mi. NW, VII-26-46, P. D. Hurd and
W. F. Barr (CIS); Palm Springs, VIII-8-56, ¢, L. A.
Stange (Stange Coll.). Imperial Co.: Fort Yuma, 6-15-48,
é, 6-13-48, ¢, W. B. Andahl (MCZ), June 1948, 9, R.
Coleman (CIS).
Arizona: Yuma Co.: Welton, VI-28-50, 2 ¢, 1 9, R. F.
Smith (AMNH).
Baja California: San Felipe, VI-18-39, Michelbacher and
Ross (CAS).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6
Figures 33-46. Fig. 33. Hesperoleon fidelitas, holotype, gonarcus and
parameres, posterior view. Fig. 34. Same, lateral view. Fig. 35. H. minus-
culus. gonarcus and parameres, posterior view (Whitewater, Riverside
Co., Calif.). Fig. 36. H. niger, gonarcus and parameres, posterior view
(3 mi. N. of Payson, Gila €o., Aviz.). Pig. 37. Same, lateral view. Mig:
38. H. minusculus, gonarcus and parameres, lateral view. Fig. 39. H.
mfuscatus, gonarcus and parameres, posterior view (Antioch, Calif.).
Fig. 40. Same, side view. Fig. 41. H. deflexus, allotype, head. Fig. 42.
H, texanus, gonarcus and parameres, posterior view (sac inverted). (Mill
Creek, San Bernardino Mts.. Calif., 6000 ft.). Fig. 43. Same, lateral view.
Fig. 44. H. infuscatus, apex of abdomen, laterial view (Cajon Pass, San
Bernardino Co., Calif.). Fig. 45. Same, ventral view. Fig. 46. Scale for
gonarcus and parameres only.
Vou. 63, PLATE 6
PsycHeE, 1956
NTIDAE
ADAMS — MyRMELEO
104 Psyche [September
A little smaller than H. apache Banks, and not closely
resembling any other species of Hesperoleon.
Hesperoleon infuscatus, new species
Figures 4, 39, 40, 44, 45
Face pale, antennal band straight-margined below, with
a thin line extending toward clypeus. First vertex row far
forward, a strongly curved band, separated medially from
antennal band by a pale spot; in most specimens the ends
fused with antennal band. Second vertex row often connect-
ed medially with first, consists of an irregular, medially
thickened band each side, often connected. Labial palpi
slender, the apical segment slender, pointed, shiny-fuscous;
maxillary palpi dark. Scape dark below, pale above; pedicel
dark, flagellum dark, last ten (more or less) segments with
broad apical pale bands on ventral side. Pronotum distinct-
ly broader than length at center, submedian stripes fairly
straight; laterals very wide behind furrow, narrowly sepa-
rated from medians by pale, before furrow narrow and
curving to fuse with medians at anterior margin. Space
between bands suffused with fuscous at, and sometimes
behind, furrow. Submarginal stripe a thin line curving back
from furrow, often absent. Mesoscutellum with two long,
well-separated dark stripes, metascutellar stripes fused for
about two-thirds their length. Coxae pale medially, dark
laterally; fore femur dark-striped posteriodorsally, mid
and hind femora wholly dark but for ventral pale stripe.
Fore tibia infuscated posteriorly, with dark subbasal and
apical bands; mid tibia with dark basal, subbasal, preapical,
and apical bands; hind tibia with subbasal and apical bands,
and a thin ventral dark line. Tarsal segments pale, dark-
banded apically, segments three and four more so than
others.
Abdomen (¢): dark, with dorsal pale stripe each side
extending to sixth segment. Ectoprocts long: (about 1 %
times as long as 8th abdominal tergite, which is short,
1.3 times as long as high) extend straight back, viewed
from side; from above, bent into lyriform curve. Mediuncus
arms spread widely; parameres form a flat plate from the
lateral margins of which the hooks emerge and bend
1956] Adams — Myrmeleontidae 105
straight back. (¢): the pale stripes thinner, may extend
to tip of abdomen, or be absent.
Setae on legs mostly black (some white on coxae) ; on
thorax mostly white, stiff, short; on abdomen mostly white,
short, male with many long black setae on apical segments.
Hind spurs as long as 1 14 tarsal segments.
Wings: venation of fore and hind wings mostly dark, the
longitudinal and some cross veins interrupted with pale;
membrane narrowly brown-fuscous bordering dark veins;
dark spots at inner side of stigma, along R at intersections
of cross veins, along CuA, at rhegma, in apical field, and at
end of CuA.. Hind wing similarly marked, but not so
heavily.
Fore wing: 3 presectoral cross veins (rarely 4 or 5),
usually the outer one connected to first cross vein beyond
origin of Rs+MA; Rs+MA 8-11 branched; 11-15 basal
cubital cross veins, 3-10 (usually 5 or 6) connected; 9-12
(usually 10 or 11) anal veinlets. Hind wing: 2 or 3 pre-
sectorals; Rs+MA 8-11 (usually 9 or 10) branched; 5-7
inner cubital veinlets.
Measurements (means, in mm.): body length ¢ 35.8,
2 26.7; abdomen ¢ 29.5, ° 20.2; fore wing 6 25.4, 9 26.9,
width ¢ 6.3, @ 6.9; antennae ¢ 7.0, @ 5.7; third segment,
labial palpus, ¢ 0.77, ¢ 0.85, width ¢ 0.17, ¢@ 0.21; pro-
notum, length at center, ¢ 1.12, @ 1.19, width ¢ 1.81, ¢
1.81; pterothorax ¢ 4.0, 9 4.4; third abdominal tergite
6 6.5, 9 6.2.
California: Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, V-24-49, 2 ¢
(one the holotype), 1 @ (allotype), J. W. Mac Swain
COAS) WE24-49°0 4 Po Dy Hurd (CIS), Vi-4-42, 19. 2) 9,
E. C. Van Dyke (CAS); VI-20-37, ¢, E.'S. Ross (CAS) ;
V-27-50, °, S. F. Bailey and R. M. Bohart (UCD); VI-8-
39, 4 ¢, R. M. Bohart (CIS); VI-2-40, ¢, B. Brockman
(CIS) ; V-20-33, ¢@, E. O. Essig (CIS). San Bernardino
Co.: Cajon Pass, VI-16-46, 3 ¢, 38 9, E. G. Linsley (CIS).
This species has a dark brown facies, similar to that of
H. curriet Banks, from which it may be distinguished by
the short 8th abdominal segment in the male, which is
106 Psyche [September
longer than the ectoprocts in curriei, by the parameres,
which are not formed as hooks, like those of cwrriei, and by
the evenly infuscated femora — dotted in curriei. It is
much more robust than brunneus, the ectoprocts of which
have a preapical lobe on the median side, and the femora
of which are dotted.
Tyttholeon, new genus
Figures 7, 8, 11, 12
Belongs to the Brachynemurini.
Labial palpi short, apical segment not swollen; antennae
stout, strongly clavate. Legs fairly stout, tibial spurs ab-
sent, first tarsal segment two-thirds length of next three
together. Abdomen much shorter than wings, of same
length in male as in female. Many long white setae present
on femora, coxae, and thorax (except metanotum).
Fore wing: costal area narrow, the cells more than twice
as long as high; Rs+MA originates only slightly proximal
to cubital fork; cubital fork acute. A, straight, connected
to CuA, by one or two cross veins; A» unbranched; A; fork-
ed near margin. Banksian lines absent. Hind wing: costal
area narrow; only one row of cross veins between cubital
veinlets; CuAs, reaches margin before CuF; at most one
cross vein between CuA, and CuA, beyond fork. Banksian
lines absent. Pilula axillaris present in male.
Tyttholeon is most likely to be confused with Maracan-
dula Currie, since both of these genera lack spurs. In Mara-
candula, the first tarsomere is longer than the following
three together. The venation is much less dense in Tyttho-
leon, and Rs+MA originates farther out on the wing; in
Maracandula the costal cells are higher than long. The
white setae on legs and thorax are not nearly so long as the
macrochetae of Maracandula. There is no similarity be-
tween the internal genitalia. Maracandula (Figures 9, 10)
has on the paramere a lateral, heavily sclerotized ligulate
lobe, and a sharp ridge on the posterior face. In T. puerilis
the parameres are folded in a complex manner, but have no
conspicuous heavily sclerotized hooks or lobes.
Generotype the following species:
1956] Adams — Myrmeleontidae 107
Tyttholeon puerilis, new species
Figures 7, 8, 11, 12
Face pale, brown spot above posterior articulation of
mandible and at joint of cardo and stipes; brown band be-
tween bases of antennae, emarginate below; vertex with an
anterior row of three brown spots, middle row of two black
marks connected by a line, and a posterior row of three
brown spots. Last segment of labial palpi short, slender,
curved, fuscous. Antennae short, heavily clavate; scape
pale with apical fuscous ring; pedicel dark; flagellum 23-
24 segmented, the first two or three segments more or less
fused, shiny-fuscous basally, reddish brown in middle; a
dark band at base of club, club yellow-buff.
Pronotum pale, a single dark band each side, narrower
in front of furrow, often interrupted at furrow. Scutelli
pale with bilobed anterior brown spot and thin median
posterior black line. Coxae with basal and preapical brown
spots, connected on mid and hind coxae. Femora pale, an
apical dark stripe on posterior side of fore-femur, anterior
side of mid and hind femora. Fore and mid tibiae with sub-
basal and preapical dark bands, hind tibiae pale. Tarso-
meres pale with narrow apical dark bands.
Abdomen (é): brown, first tergite dark, second with
narrow pale band and a pair of large posterior pale spots,
third and fourth tergites with paired basal, intermediate,
and apical spots, remaining segments with basal and apical
spots only. Gonarcus and parameres (Figures 11, 12).
Ectoprocts short, slightly produced posteriad below. (¢):
tergites dark with a pair of apical pale spots on each.
Many prominent setae on thorax, coxae, and femora.
Most tibial setae black. Abdominal setae white, black on
ectoprocts and terminal segments of female.
Wings: longitudinal veins pale, interrupted with dark
at intersections of cross veins. Cross veins almost all dark,
the membrane beside them bordered with dark, giving an
effect of uniformly distributed short transverse brown
dashes over wing; somewhat paler on hind wing.
108 Psyche [September
Fore wing: 3 presectorals, Rs+MA 4-6 branched; 6-9
basal cubital cross veins; 6-10 anal veinlets. Hind wing:
1 or 2 presectoral cross veins; Rs+MA 4-6 branched; CuA,
5-8 branched; 4-7 basal cubital cross veins; 3-5 inner cubital
veinlets.
Measurements (mm. means in parentheses) : body length
10.2-14.5 (12.0) ; abdomen 6.8-10.0 (8.2) ; fore wing, length
13.0-17.7 (14.4). width ¢ 2.8-3.9 (3.24), @ 3:1-4.8 (3.6);
last segment, labial palpus 0.23-0.34 (¢ 0.380, ¢@ 0.25);
antennae 2.3-2.8 (2.6); pterothorax 1.9-2.8 (2.27); third
abdominal tergite 1.5-2.5 (¢ 2.02, 9? 1.84); pronotum,
length at middle 0.56-0.85 (0.69), width 0.75-1.14 (0.95).
Calijonnias Mono. Co. Near lonazya iol o-onh arcane
Comstock (LAM); Inyo Co.: Furnace Creek, Death Valley
IV-18-49, 2 ¢, 1 ¢, O. Bryant (CAS); Death Valley, IV
1920, ¢, J. D. Gander (CAS). San Bernardino Co.: Provi-
dence Mts., VI-1-37, ¢, R. H. Andrews (LAM); Needles,
V-8-39, Van Duzee (CAS). Riverside Co.: Palm Springs,
VI-27-39, 246, 42, E. G. Linsley (CIS) (type 6 and allo-
type @ in the Calif. Acad. of Sciences). San Diego Co.:
Borego, IV-9-40, 1¢ 1¢, Sperry (MCZ); San Felipe Can-
yon, IV-18-25, ¢, at light Timberlake (UCR).
Arizona: Yuma Co.: Mohawk, IV-10-47, 24 22; Sperry
(MCZ) ; Aztec, VI-16-54,1¢ 5¢, Stange & Menke (Stange
Coll.).
A TECHNIQUE FOR SHIPPING
HIPPOBOSCID PUPARIA (DIPTERA)!
By I. BARRY TARSHIS
812 Montclaire Ave., Frederick, Maryland
Special techniques have been developed for shipping
dipterous insects. Geigy (1948) devised and used a cold
temperature cabinet which was kept at 8.0° C. (46.8° F.)
for shipping adult tsetse flies of the species Glossina
palpalis from Tropical Africa (Congo) to Basle, Switzer-
land, via air express. Brennan and Mail (1954) success-
fully shipped adult mosquitoes of the species Culex tarsalis
in a cold temperature cabinet that employed Sno-Gel Re-
freezants (Model R10-8) for temperature control. Adult
hippoboscid flies of the species Pseudolynchia canariensis
were successfully shipped via air express in cardboard
mailing tubes for a distance of several hundred miles by
the writer (Tarshis, 1953). (This method was only suc-
cessful when transit took but a day to a day and a half
and the temperature was moderate.) The author (Tarshis,
1954) also transported live hippoboscid flies (Stiubometopa
umpressa and Lynchia hirsuta) in a cold temperature
cabinet, maintained at around 7.0° C. (44.6° F.), distances
of 70 to 300 miles in an automobile.
During studies now being conducted by the author on
the biology of Egyptian hippoboscids, an attempt was
made to again ship live adult flies in mailing tubes, but
the flies always arrived dead. The great distance and
consequent time involved in shipping flies from Egypt
to Maryland readily explains this lack of success. No
attempt was made to ship the flies in refrigerated con-
* The author wishes to express sincere appreciation to Lt. Com. Harry
Hoogstraal, Head, Zoology Dept., NAMRU —83, Cairo, Egypt for obtain-
ing and sending the puparia and for his continuing help and interest
in this work.
109
110 Psyche [September
tainers, aS was accomplished in the above described works,
since the cost of such containers and their shipment would
be prohibitive; it is also doubtful if any commonly avail-
able refrigerants would maintain the necessary low tem-
perature over such a prolonged period (10 to 15 days).
The problem of how to ship live adult hippoboscid flies
such a long distance was obviated when experiments
showed that puparia of the flies could be shipped this
distance economically, simply and most successfully via
air express.
The puparia were packed in the following manner for
shipment. Several puparia were loosely wrapped in a
piece of cleansing tissue and then the tissue-wrapped
puparia were put into a shell vial which had a small piece
of cotton in the bottom. The number of puparia in a vial
would vary with the size of the puparia and the vial.
For these shipments a maximum of five puparia of Hip-
pobosca longipennis and three puparia of H. equina were
placed in each 15 & 40 mm. vial. The puparia could also
be put one or two at a time unwrapped into the vials with
cotton under and over each succeeding one or two puparia.
The vial was plugged with cotton or capped with a plastic
screw-on cap. Five or six vials were then placed into a
cardboard mailing tube padded all around the inside and
bottom with cotton to prevent the vials from breaking
and the puparia from being severely jarred.
Upon arrival in Frederick, Maryland, the puparia were
removed from the vials and placed into individual rear-
ing vials (25 « 55 mm.) covered with 10-mesh nylon
bebbinette. The vials containing the puparia were then
placed into an incubator set at 26.5° C. (79.7° F.). Adult
flies of H. longipennis emerged from puparia in from 26
to 381 days (from the date of collection in Egypt to date
of emergence in Maryland). Adult flies of H. equina
emerged in 29 days under the same conditions. This ship-
ping method could be employed for puparia of all viviparous
flies.
1956] Tarshis — Hippoboscids 111
LITERATURE CITED
Geicy, R.
1948. Elevage de Glossina palpalis. Acta Tropica, 5:201-218.
BRENNAN, J. M., and Matz, G. A.
1954. A technic for shipping live mosquitoes with particular reference
to Culex tarsalis. Science, 119 (3092) :443-444.
Tarsuis, I. B.
1953. The transmission of Haemoproteus lophortyx O’Roke of the
valley California quail by hippoboscid flies of the species stalbome-
topa impressa (Bigot) and Lynchia hirsuta Ferris and the elucida-
tion of the biology of these ectoparasites. Manuscript of Ph.D.
Thesis, Deposited in Library, University of California, Berkeley,
California.
Tarsuis, I. B.
1954. Transporting live hippoboscids (Diptera). Psyche, 61(2) :58-62.
112 Psyche [September
Two CASES OF INTESTINAL MYIASIS IN MAN PRODUCED BY
HERMETIA (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIIDAE). —In the late sum-
mer of 1955 a man living in Tucson brought in a larval
Hermetia, probably in its final instar, that had been passed
with the stools. He reported that he had had a series of
symptoms that might be traced to the myiasis, beginning
with gastric upset several months before, passing through
diarrhea and ending in uneasiness in the lower tract. The
specimen was alive when he brought it in but, unfortu-
nately, it escaped. It agreed well with Hermetia larvae
in our collections but a specific name could not be assigned.
This year, October 15, 1956, another man brought in a
larva passed with the stools and in this case reported
that he had noticed no symptoms at all. The larva was
active at first but soon became quiescent and had obviously
pupated. A female adult of Hermetia allucens (L.) emerged
on the morning of October 23. Since both of these cases
occurred within the area of metropolitan Tucson, in an
area of about 200,000 population, myiasis by this fly may
be more common than has been reported. Both cases
were in residents in semirural areas, the man who played
host for the 1955 specimen not having been outside the
area for at least six months before the larva was re-
covered. The 1956 infestation may have originated some-
where else, since the man infested had returned from an
extended trip in Mexico the month before. — FLOYD G.
WERNER, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
A regular meeting of the Club is held on the second Tues-
day of each month (July, August and September, excepted)
at 8:00 p.m. in Room B-455, Biological Laboratories, Divin-
ity Ave., Cambridge. Entomologists visiting Boston are
cordially invited to attend.
BACK VOLUMES OF PSYCHE
The Cambridge Entomological Club is able to offer for
sale the following volumes of Psyche. Those not mentioned
are entirely out of print.
Volumes 38, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, each covering a period of three
years, $5.00 each.
Volumes 10, 12, 14, 17, each covering a single year, $1.00
each.
Volumes 18 to 26, each covering a single year, $1.50 each.
Volumes 27 to 53, each covering a single year, $2.00.
Volumes 54 to 62, each covering a single year, $3.00.
Orders for 2 or more volumes subject to a discount of
10%.
Orders for 10 or more volumes subject to a discount of
20%.
All orders should be addressed to
F. M. CARPENTER, Editor of Psyche,
Biological Laboratories,
Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass.
FOR SALE
CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS, by C. T. Brues, A. L.: Melander
and F. M. Carpenter. Published in March, 1954, as vol-
ume 108 of the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, with 917 pages and 1219 figures. It consists of
keys to the living and extinct families of insects, and to
the living families of other terrestrial arthropods; and in-
cludes 270 pages of bibliographic references and an index
of 76 pages. Price $9.00 (cloth bound and postpaid). Send
orders to Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Col-
lege, Cambridge 38, Mass.
PSYCHE
A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY
ESTABLISHED IN 1874
December 19565 1 No 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Indo-Australian Species of the Ant Genus Strumigenys Fr.
Smith: Three New Philippine Species. W. L. Brown, Jr. i . 118
The Collembola of Lebanon and Western Syria. Part I. General
Considerations and the Family Onychiuridae. K. Christiansen 119
Flight Activities of the Ant Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) marae Forel.
Mary Talbot . i : s ; f 5 ; : : : . 134
Veromessor lobognathus in North Dakota (Hymenoptera: Formici-
dae). G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler .. : : ; : . 140
The Synonymy and Relationships of the Ant Pseudolasius bayont
Menozzi. W. L. Brown, Jr. ; ‘ : : : ; : . 146
Index to Authors : ; : : ; : A : : : . 147
Index to Subjects i ‘ ‘ ; ; al Ue ; 5 ‘ . 148
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
OFFICERS FOR 1956-57
President . : : : : ; . PP. A. ADAMS
Vice-President . : ; A : B. R. HEADSTROM
Secretary . : ; : : : . R. B. WILLEY
Treasurer . : : : ; 2 F. M. CARPENTER
: .